Presentation for Urbana Sustainability Advisory Commission March 3, 2020
Earth is a Vast Solar Collector
U.S. Underground Temperatures
The Earth is a Source of Heat in Winter Outdoor air temperature: 5 F 72 F Geothermal heat pumps transfer underground heat into the building to provide heating 62 F
and an Efficient Place to Reject Heat in the Summer Outdoor air temperature: 100 F 72 F Geothermal heat pumps transfer heat from the building to the earth to provide cooling 62 F
using Heat Pump Technology Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the earth
Geothermal is not new technology
Geothermal is not new technology
Geothermal is not new technology Ground loop development using iron and copper loops in the 1940’s. PB and PE pipe made viable in late 1970’s. Oklahoma State University began involvement in late 1970s driven by J. Bose, J. Partin, and G. Parker
Heat Pumps Heat pumps “move” energy from one location to another, instead of creating heat by burning fossil fuels, such as a gas furnace does. -- (like your refrigerator). Geothermal Heat Pumps use the earth or well water to provide heating, cooling and hot water for your home. A geothermal heat pump “moves” energy to/from the ground, eliminating the outdoor equipment associated with ordinary heat pumps or air conditioners.
Heat Pump Operation Geothermal heat pumps consist of four circuits: – Distribution circuit The system that distributes the conditioned air or water solution throughout the home or building and returns it to the unit. – Refrigerant circuit A sealed and pressurized circuit of refrigerant including compressor, expansion valve, water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger(s), air coil, reversing valve. The refrigerant is either R-22 or R-410A.
Heat Pump Operation Geothermal heat pumps consist of four circuits: – Ground loop circuit The piping system buried in the ground has fluid that is circulated by pumps to and from the geothermal unit. – Hot water circuit Domestic water can be heated in a geothermal unit with a device called a desuperheater. A piping connection is made from the geothermal unit to the water heater.
Heat Pump Operation Each of these circuits is closed and sealed from the others—there is no direct mixing. However, heat energy does transfer from the refrigeration circuit to the other three circuits. The refrigerant flow will change direction when the unit changes modes (heating or cooling).
Free Energy Geothermal Heat Pumps use only a small amount of energy to capture a large amount of FREE energy from the earth.
Equipment Performance Ratings ARI has designated the efficiency ratings for water-to-air heat pumps as: – Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) EER BTU output divided by power watt input For cooling operation under steady state test conditions – Coefficient of Performance (COP) COP BTU output divided by BTU input For heating operation under steady state test conditions
Geothermal Performance Comparison Cooling Efficiency (EER) 30 25 20 New Geothermal Unit Previous Geothermal Unit 15 High Efficiency AC or Heat Pump 10 Ordinary Air Conditioner or Heat Pump 5 0
Geothermal Performance Comparison Heating Efficiency (COP) 5.0 4.5 4.0 New Geothermal Unit 3.5 Previous Geothermal Unit 3.0 2.5 Heat Pump 2.0 High Efficiency Gas/Propane Furnace 1.5 Ordinary Gas/Propane Furnace 1.0 0.5 0.0
Loop Types Closed Loop – Horizontal – Vertical – Pond Open Loop – Well Water (w/ antifreeze)
Well Water (Open Loop) Uses existing well Requires 1.5 gpm/ton
Horizontal Loop
Horizontal 4 & 6 Pipe Loops
Horizontal Bore Loops Typically 3-4 bores, 200 feet long each
Vertical Loop
Vertical bore without backfill
Vertical Loop/Grouted Geothermal pipe Bentonite Grout backfill
U-Bend used for Vertical Loops
Pond Loop Minimum ½ acre, 8 ft. deep
Racked Loops
Why is Geothermal still a niche product in the U.S? Initial installed cost difference. Technology not well known, misunderstood. Bad rap from some in the HVAC, engineering community. Heat Pumps in the 70s and 80s got a bad name.
What works to encourage businesses and home owners? Commercial -- accelerated depreciation, tax credits, utility rebates, reduced costs, benefits of being green. Residential – Tax credits, utility rebates, lower operating costs, benefits to being green, being “first on your block.”
What is happening around the U.S. – but hasn’t gotten to Midwest yet. Large incentives through State Energy Offices. Moratoriums on NG line extensions. Moratoriums on gas appliances. Large scale geothermal communities and/or Net Zero Home communities. Loop lease/ownership programs.
Incentives/Trends Extension of 30 percent federal tax credit. - Gain support from Congress, President. Incent decarbonization of buildings. -Path to 100 and Clean Energy Jobs bill * Promote Net Zero and Geothermal residential and commercial development *Use of local codes.
Decarbonization of buildings
A new trend: banning natural gas pipelines, or NG use in buildings
Not everyone likes it.
Geothermal/Net Zero subdivisions
Whisper Valley community
Whisper Valley community
What can a community do? Incent local developers Provide tax incentives Encourage, promote community loop concept. Ownership of community loop
Thank You John Freitag, executive director Geothermal Alliance of IL *www.gaoi.org *jfreitag@gaoi.org *217-971-3533
Geothermal heat pumps consist of four circuits: -Ground loop circuit The piping system buried in the ground has fluid that is circulated by pumps to and from the geothermal unit. -Hot water circuit Domestic water can be heated in a geothermal unit with a device called a desuperheater. A piping connection is
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