Upstream Geothermal Development - ESMAP

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Upstream Geothermal Development Narendra Widjajanto Netherlands, November 19, 2013 Skyline Building Lt. 11 Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 9, Jakarta Pusat Telp: 021‐39833222 Fax: 021‐39833230 www.pge.pertamina.com

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 2

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 3

Indonesia has the highest potential for geothermal energy in the world, which remains largely untapped Source : 02 Desember 2013 Page 4 In spite of having the world’s largest geothermal resource, utilization remains low at only 4% Geothermal resource in Indonesia is high temperature resource, which enables more economical geothermal project development

GoI is making a strong push for renewable energy, with plans to significantly increase geothermal power generation Target geothermal capacity Target energy mix in Indonesia 100% Coal Oil Gas Hydro 146 TWh Geothermal GW Government plans to have 8 9 GW of geothermal energy capacity by 2025 8.6 670 TWh 4.9 46 64 25 17 17 6 7 5 2010 1 2025 1 2.3 2013 capacity Planned additions 2025 target 7 GW of additional geothermal capacity is needed by 2025, to reach RUPTL’s projected 12% share of power generation Current capacity expansion plans will only cover 1/3 of the gap proposition is assumed to be the same as shown in RUPTL 2020 SOURCE: PGE annual report, Press reports, Team analysis 02 Desember 2013 New required 12 2025 1 1.3 Page 5

Geothermal Resources Map of Indonesia Ib o i ‐ J a b o i 1 0MW S eu l a wa h A g a m 2 75MW L a u D eb u k ‐ D eb u k / S i b a y a k 2MW, 3 8MW S i p a h o l o n – T a r u tu n g 50MW S u wa w a – G o ro n ta l o 55MW S a r u l a – S i b u a l B u a l i 6 3 0MW K o ta m o b a g u 14 0MW S . Mer a p i – S a m p u r a g a 10 0MW L a h en d o n g ‐ T o m p a s o 40 MW, 32 0MW G. T a l a n g 30MW Mera n a 2 0 0MW Mu a r al a b u h 24 0MW J a i l o l o 2 0MW S u n g a i P en u h 355MW L e m p u r / K e ri n c i 20MW B . G ed u n g H u l u L a i s / T a m b a n g S a w a h 300 0MW T u l eh u 20MW 30 S u o h A n ta ta i – G. S e k i n c a u 3 90MW R a ja b a s a 1 20MW L u m u t B a l a i 62 0MW T a n g k u b a n p er a h u 2 0MW Ma rg a B a y u r 17 0MW Ul u b e l u 4 40MW Ij en 4 0MW Wa i R a ta i 12 0MW B ed u g u l 1 75MW C ita m a n – G. K a r a n g 2 0MW C o s o l o k – C i s u k a ra m e 1 80MW G. S a la k 375 MW, 120MW G. P a tu h a 50 0MW G. Wa y a n g ‐ Wi n d u 110MW, 29 0MW D a ra j a t 2155 5MW, 110 M 2554 W K a m o j a n g 200 MW, 120 MW 02 Desember 2013 A ta d ei 10MW Wi l is / N g e b el 1 20MW O k a – L a ra n tu k a 2 0MW Un g a r a n 1 80MW T el o m o y o 50MW S o k o r ia – Mu tu b u s a 2 0MW H u ’u D a h a 30MW B en a – Ma ta l o k o 20MW D i e n g 6 0MW, 3 40MW Wa i S a n o 10MW U l u m b u 36MW G. K a r ah a – G. T el a g a b o d a s 40 0MW Page 6

PGE’s Working Areas Concession Area 14 (MEMR Decree No 2067K/30/MEM/2012 Total Installed Capacity PGE 402 MW STATUS : 2013 Kotamobagu (@ MWe) Lahendong - Tompaso (@ 80 MWe) Sibayak - Sinabung (@ 12 MWe) MALUKU KALIMANTAN Sarulla - Sibual-buali (@ MWe) SULAWESI Sungai Penuh (@ MWe) PAPUA Iyang Argopuro (@ MWe) Hululais – Tambang Sawah (@ MWe) JOC Tabanan- Bali (@ MWe) Lumut Balai Margabayur (@ MWe) Ulubelu - Waypanas (@ 110 MWe) JOC Cibeureum - Salak (@ 378 MWe) JOC Wayang Windu (@ 227 MWe) Legend : Karaha - Talaga Bodas (@ MWe) Production Exploration/pengembangan JV Patuha (@ MWe) JOC Darajat (@ 271 MWe) 02 Desember 2013 JOC : Joint Operating Contract @ : Installed Capacity Kamojang (@ 200 MWe) Page 7

PGE projects are in different stages of project development PRELIMINARY Future projects Exploration Desktop study Development Geo scientific analysis Infrastruc‐ ture and exploration drilling Feasibility study Delineation drilling PGE own projects Operations and reservoir management Production drilling Steam field operation Power plant FEED Power plant operation Power plant EPC Ulubelu 1&2 Sibayak Kamojang 1‐4 Lahendong 1‐4 Kamojang 5 Karaha Lahendong 5&6 Lumut Balai 1&2 Ulubelu 3&4 Lumut Balai 3&4 Hululais Sungai Penuh Waypanas Iyang Argapuro Semurup Margabayur Tambang Sawah Masigit Guntur Ciharus SOURCE: PGE Kotamobagu

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 9

GEOTHERMAL PROCESS 02 Desember 2013 Page 10

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 11

A typical Geothermal Project has 3 Phases Upstream Approximate figures TYPICAL 50 MW PROJECT Exploration Development Geology & Geo‐ chemistry Desktop study Major mile‐ stones Geo‐ physics Infrastructure & exploration drilling Feasibility study Delineation drilling Production drilling NORC NOID Operation SGS construction Opera‐ tions and main‐ tenance Reservoir manage‐ ment Commissioning Internal go/no‐go milestones Construct Drill 4‐7 steam production and injection gathering systems and wells piping Drill up to 3 discovery wells 3‐4 6‐9 12‐15 2‐3 0‐6 Up to 15 months In parallel with production drilling N/A N/A 30‐50k 300‐500k 15‐25m 300k (If needed) 25‐50m 10‐15m N/A N/A Key activities 1 Approx duration (months) 5k Regular operations MT survey Approx cost ( ) SOURCE: Expert inputs 02 Desember 2013 Pages 12

Exploration & Resource Confirmation Phase No Phase Activites Potensial Risk 1 Geology & Geochemistry Geophysics Infrastructure & exploration drilling Prepare exploration program Process project approval for Environment Process local and regional permit for land and forest usage Procurement process and execution Bridges dan roadways preparation Land clearance with locals Geological Hazards (Landslide Subsidence vs “Cut & Fill”) Civil Works (Technology & Competency) Uncertainty for various permit approvals 2 Drilling (exploration & production) Prepare detailed drilling program Rig Mobilization & Logistics Rig review Dilling process execution Drilling execution risk Geological risk (hard rocks, fracture, permeability) Gas / steam leakages 3 Production Testing Prepare testing facilities Heating up period Final testing 02 Desember 2013 Steam result confirmation delay due to long heating up period. Resource risk leads to steam availability/reinjection well below target Pages 13

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 14

Key Barriers For Developing Indonesia’s Geothermal Potential Resources can only be proven following Resource expensive on‐site exploration Risks Mostly geothermal area is Land located in conservation Permits & areas, need regulation to Concession Rights exclude geothermal activity in forest regulation Need government support to have Price favorable pricing mechanism for green Regulation energy Key Barrier Domestic To date, no geothermal IPP Capacity tender has reached financial closure High Exploration Cost and Investment Financial cost of geothermal higher than base‐load substitute (i.e. coal), when environmental impacts not considered Barriers make it challenge to mobilize significant investments for achieving GoI target 02 Desember 2013 Page 15

Resource Risk Make it More Challenging To Mobilize Investment Uncertainties associated with geothermal field conditions and resource characteristics during the initial stages of field development will cause developers to require a price premium for taking on this risk SOURCE: ESMAP World Bank Geothermal Handbook 2012 02 Desember 2013 Page 16

Geothermal Project Cost Structure For 50 MW Flashed Steam Geothermal Plant, % of total Source: SBC Summary Cost ranges can vary depending a variety of factors such as: depth of the resource, geologic characteristics and temperature Upstream Cost less than Dowstream Cost but having the most riskiest part. The upstream phases, (drilling phase), can be considered the riskiest parts of geothermal project development. 02 Desember 2013 Page 17

Outline Overview of Indonesia Geothermal Potential Overview of Geothermal Cycles Exploration and Resource Confirmation Key Factor for Geothermal Development Next Step 02 Desember 2013 Pages 18

Next Steps for Managing Geothermal Barriers No Barriers Explanation Next Steps 1 Project delayed due to Various Permits uncertainty Uncertainty for acquiring apporvals from local and national government agency 2 Resource and Upstream Risks Steam availability below Expert and technology enhancement target Operational excellence Difficulties in getting injection wells Prepare sufficient time to develop geothermal fields properly (5‐7 years) Increase risk mitigation in developing upstream projects in parallel Upstream Risk beared by Government 02 Desember 2013 Project socialization Revised related procedures / regulation to support green energy development especially for geothermal activities Pages 19

Next Steps for Managing Geothermal Barriers No 3 Barriers Offtake uncertainty and financial risk 02 Desember 2013 Explanation Adequate pricing for steam and electricity Next Steps Propose more attractive new tariff to the government to increase certainty in geothermal investment projects Includes environment cost in coal tariff in order gain comparability with geothermal tariff Pages 20

Geothermal Hydro Oil Gas Coal New required 2025 target 8.6 2013 capacity 1.3 4.9 Planned additions 2.3 1 2025 proposition is assumed to be the same as shown in RUPTL 2020 Government plans to have 8 9 GW of geothermal energy capacity by 2025 7 GW of additional geothermal capacity is needed by 2025, to reach RUPTL's projected

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