Games For Change

18/02/2011GAMES FOR CHANGEROZIANA IBRAHIMLEARNING SOCIETIES AMES FOR CHANGEAt the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Discuss the origins and structure of attitudes Discuss the meaning of games for change Explore some application of games forchange1

18/02/2011INFO6005Let’s start with these GAMES FOR CHANGESample 1Sample 2INFO6005And these two Sample 3GAMES FOR CHANGESample 42

18/02/2011INFO6005Not forgetting this one GAMES FOR CHANGESample 5INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEHmmm this one tooSample 63

18/02/2011INFO6005Making the best of the situation GAMES FOR CHANGESample 7INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEWhat do these imagestry to tell us?So what?4

18/02/2011If you like them, shouldn’t youlike & buy the things too?INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEAn attitude is:“a relatively enduring organisation of beliefs, feelings, andbehavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects,groups, events or symbols” (Hogg & Vaughan 2005, p150)“.a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating aparticular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor” (Eagly& Chaiken, 1993, p. 1)References: Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4th Edition) Prentice Hall: London - chapter 5 Eagly and Chaiken, (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. - Chapter 15

18/02/2011INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEABCs of AttitudesThe Structure of Attitudes Affective – evaluations are based on positive and negativefeelings/emotions associated bout the attitude object.e.g. I am scared of snakes. Behavioural –a behavioural tendency to act in a certain mannertowards the attitude object.e.g. I will avoid snakes and scream if I see one. Cognitive – evaluations based on beliefs andknowledge about an attitude object.e.g. I believe snakes are dangerous.INFO6005An example A Shopaholic’s Attitudes towardsShoppingYahoooooo! Shopping Me no shopping nofunction.GAMES FOR itudestowardsShoppingBehaviourShopping, the cause of,and solution to all oflife’s ngI was so desperate for someshopping; I queued at3.00am in front of Selfridgeson Boxing day.6

18/02/2011INFO6005Another example GAMES FOR CHANGEHomer’s Attitudes towards BeerHomer no beer nofunction dsBeerBeer, the cause of, andsolution to all of gardingBeerThe other day I was so desperatefor a beer, I snuck into thefootball stadium and ate the dirtunder the bleachersINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGECan a gamechange behaviour?7

18/02/2011What is Games For Change?INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEIt’s a game but Part of the serious game movement errr what’s that now?“the label [serious games] refers to a broad swathe of video games produced,marketed, or used for purposes other than pure entertainment; these include,but are not limited to, educational computer games, edutainment andadvertainment [.] and also health games and political games. [.] in theory,any video game can be perceived as a serious game depending on its actualuse and the player’s perception of the game experience.” (Simon egenfeldtNielsen et al. 2008, p.205)Serious Games are defined as digital games and equipment with an agenda ofeducational design and beyond entertainment (Sorensen & Meyer 2007,p.559).INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGE“there is no one single definition of the term “serious games”, although it iswidely accepted that they are games “with a purpose”. in other words, theymove beyond entertainment per se to deliver engaging interactive media tosupport learning in its broadest sense.” (Stone 2008, p.9).Serious games aim “to use new gaming technologies for educational ortraining purposes. it investigates the educational, therapeutic and socialimpact of digital games built with or without learning outcomes in mind.”(Felicia 2009, p.6).References: Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S., Smith, J.H. & tosca, S.P., 2008. Understanding Video Games: The Essential Introduction,Routledge. Sorensen, b.H. & Meyer, b., 2007. Serious games in language learning and teaching-a theoretical perspective.in Proceedings of the 2007 Digital Games research Association Conference. pp. 559-56 Stone, b., 2008. Human Factors Guidelines for interactive 3D and Games-based training Systems Design.Available at: www.eece.bham.ac.uk/Default.aspx?tabid 154 [Accessed April 14, 2010]. Felicia, P., 2009. Digital games in schools: A handbook for teachers, european Schoolnet, euN PartnershipAiSbl: belgium. Available at: http://games.eun.org/upload/GIS HANDBOOK EN.PDF.8

18/02/2011INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGENo agreement on what is the definition of serious games.However, there is an agreement on these elements. Aserious game would have: a learning objective (whether explicit or not), being an engaging interactive media, and having some game element.INFO6005Classification of Serious GamesGAMES FOR CHANGETerms/names serious games are often associated with:Educational gamesSimulationVirtual realityAlternative purpose gamesEdutainmentDigital game-based learningImmersive learningSimulationsSocial impact gamesPersuasive gamesGames for changeGames for goodSynthetic learning environmentsGame –based ‘X’Reference:Sawyer, B. & Smith, P., 2008. Serious Games taxonomy. Available at: xonomy-2008 web.pdf.9

18/02/2011INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEWhat do we know now aboutgames for change?INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEAreas of applicationSome of the main areas of games for changeapplications include: Human RightsEconomicsPublic HealthPoliticsPublic Policy PovertyEnvironmentGlobal ConflictNewsBusiness10

18/02/2011A game example inHuman RightsINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEAgainst All OddsClick on image to playA game example inPoliticsWhat is it about? To educate about the basichuman rights an individual has. Tells about the global refugeeexperience from the time peopleare forced to leave their countriesof origin to the beginning of theirnew life abroad. Presents a series of shortchallenges illustrates thecomplexity and danger of therefugee experience.INFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEHoward Dean for IowaWhat is it about? To help Howard Dean supportersunderstand grassroots outreachand to encourage them toparticipate in pre-caucuscampaigning in Iowa or in theirlocal area.Click on image to play11

18/02/2011A game example inPovertyINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEAyiti: The Cost of LifeWhat is it about? Find out about poverty, how tolive healthily, keep out of debt,and get educated. A role playing game in whichyou take responsibility for afamily of five in rural Haiti.Click on image to playA game example inGlobal ConflictINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGE3rd World FarmerWhat is it about? Simulate real worldconditions/events affecting anAfrican farm. To educate about the problemsfacing these group of peopleeverydayClick on image to play12

18/02/2011INFO6005A game example inGAMES FOR CHANGEPublic PolicyFloodsimWhat is it about? Simulate the effects of policieson flood management in UK. To raise awareness of the vastnumber of issues surroundingflood policy and Governmentexpenditure and to increasecitizen engagement throughan accessible simulation.Click on image to playINFO6005A game example inPublic HealthGAMES FOR CHANGEKiller FluClick on image to playWhat is it about? To educate the general public about how flu really mutates andspreads, and how challenging it can be for a deadly strain to affect alarge population geographically. The player takes the role of the flu itself, trying to mutate and thenspread it in a variety of conditions.13

18/02/2011INFO6005A game example inGAMES FOR CHANGEEconomicsDebt SkiClick on image to playWhat is it about? To highlight the dangers of excessive debt, challenge youngpeople to avoid destructive financial behaviour, and spurfiscally responsible action.INFO6005A game example inGAMES FOR CHANGENewsThe Arcade Wire: Airport SecurityClick on image to playWhat is it about? A satirical look into airport security practices in lightof major news headlines about airport security.14

18/02/2011A game example inEnvironmentINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGEWindFallWhat is it about? A simulation creating and sellingclean energy by building wind farms. Build smartly and avoidconfrontations with the local.Click on image to playA game example inBusinessINFO6005GAMES FOR CHANGELego Powerminers Rock RocketWhat is it about? Game to accompany products. Promotional or highlight brandingor introduce new product ‘taster’Click on image to play15

18/02/2011INFO6005Play moreGAMES FOR CHANGE Games for Change http://www.gamesforchange.org/ Persuasive Games http://www.persuasivegames.com/ Mission to arninggames-for-change/ Epistemic Games http://epistemicgames.org/eg/INFO6005Learn moreGAMES FOR CHANGE Michael, D. & Chen, S. (2006) Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform. CourseTechnology PTR: Boston, MA. ISBN: 1-59200-622-1 Bergeron, B. (2006) Developing Serious Games. Charles River Media Inc.: Hingham, MA. ISBN: 158450-443-9 Williams, R.H. (1980) Attitude Change and Simulation Games: The Ability of a Simulation Game toChange Attitudes When Structured in Accordance With Either the Cognitive Dissonance orIncentive Models of Attitude Change. Simulation & Gaming, Vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 177-196. Torres, M. and Macedo, J. Learning sustainable development with a new simulation game,Simulation & Gaming, Mar 2000, 31.1, 119-126. http://tars.rollins.edu/susdev/sdgame.html Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4th Edition) Prentice Hall: London Brehm, S, Kassin, S. & Fein, S. (2002) Social Psychology. Houghton Mifflin: London Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2010). Social Psychology (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice Hall Eagly and Chaiken, (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt BraceJovanovich. Shaffer, D.w., 2005. Epistemic games. Innovate: Journal of Online education, 1(6).http://innovateonline.info/pdf/vol1 issue6/Epistemic Games.pdf Baranowski, T., Buday, R., Thompson, D.I. & Baranowski, J. Playing for Real: Video Games andStories for Health-Related Behavior Change. American Journal of Preventive Medicine - January2008 (Vol. 34, Issue 1, Pages 74-82.e10, DOI: nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2189579/16

Shopaholic’s Attitudes towards Shopping An example A Shopaholic’s Attitudes towards Shopping Shopping, the cause of, and solution to all of life’s problems I was so desperate for some shopping; I queued at 3.00am in front