Logistics Of Movement Of Sea Containers - IPPC
Logistics of movement of sea containers
Agenda General perception of container movements Shipping Companies’ ideal movements The reality – surplus and demand locations Transhipment (Hub and Spoke) operations Inland movements Triangulation (Street turns) Points of interchange and inspections Summary
Symbol Description Key Container Depot to slide flow diagrams Pack or Unpack point (warehouse) Container Terminal Container Vessel
Container logistics (flow) - what most people think Export Country Import Country Empty Container Full Container
Imports match demand for Exports – “Balanced” Export/Import Countries Container flow - Shipping company ideal Import/Export Countries Empty Full
Imports more than Exports – “Surplus” Surplus Locations Demand locations Imports less than Exports – “Demand” Empty Full
Introduce transhipment to the flow - “Hub & Spoke” concept Mainline vessels Feeder vessels Hub Port Empty Full Feeder vessels to & from Hub Ports from smaller Ports Mainline vessels to & from Hub Ports & large Ports
Introduce Inland movements to the flow Inland Terminal Barge Empty Full
Introduce triangulation to the flow - so-called “street turns” Empty Full Unpacked container direct to next pack point
What do real-life container trips look like? Unpack Point 2 Export Terminal 1 Import Terminal 2 Inland Terminal 1 Pack Point 1 Unpack Point 1 Import Terminal 1 Transhipment Hub 1/2 Mainline vessel Feeder vessel Transhipment Hub 1/2 Trip 1: Linz, Austria to Qingdao, China Trip 2: Invercargill, New Zealand to Birmingham, U.K. Export Terminal 2 Pack Point 2
Where & when is a container inspected and what is included in the inspection? Where When Repair Gate In Depot Repair Depot Gate Out Pack point Receipt for packing Inspection Control Structure (CSC), internal cleanliness, Depot/ suitability for cargo Shipping Company Internal cleanliness, state of repair, Depot/ overall condition Shipping Company Internal cleanliness, state of repair, Shipper overall condition
Container inspections - continued Where Export Terminal Export Terminal Transhipment Terminal Import Terminal When Gate In Inspection Container Number, seal number, obvious defects * Load on Container number, obvious vessel major defect * Unload/Load Container number, obvious from/to major defect * vessel Unload from Container number, obvious vessel major defect * * Exception - Automated Gates and Terminals Control Terminal Terminal Terminal Terminal
Container inspections - continued (2) Where Import Terminal Unpack location Unpack location When Gate Out Inspection Container number, seal number* Receipt for Container Number, seal unpacking number, obvious defects Prior to return Internal cleanliness (contractual obligation) * Exception - Automated Gates and Terminals Control Terminal Consignee Consignee
Summary Container flows are complex Container flows involve multiple transport modes and border crossings Container flows involve multiple actors and control points Shipping companies only have direct control at repair depots The only opportunity for full inspection and cleaning is at repair depots
Summary – continued Not all containers pass through a repair depot every trip The most likely points for contamination are pack points The CTU code is directed at the shipper and packer (pack points) Shipping companies have no control over pack points or terminal operations
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Where & when is a container inspected and what is included in the inspection? Where When Inspection Control Repair Depot Gate In Structure (CSC), internal cleanliness, suitability for cargo Depot/ Shipping Company Repair Depot Gate Out Internal cleanliness, state of repair, overall condition Depot/ Shipping Company Pack point Receipt for packing
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