Handbook Of Social Psychology
Handbook of Social PsychologyAnoEdiçãoNº Volumes19351ª2Carl Murchison19541ª2Gardner Lindzey1968/692ª5Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aronson19853ª2Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aronson19984ª2Daniel T. Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, & Gardner Lindzey20105ª2Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, Gardner LindzeyPsicologia Social IIEditoresValentim R. Alferes
A HANDBOOK OFSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYByW.C. ALLEEGARDNER MURPHYGORDON W. ALLPORTLOIS BARCLAY MURPHYFRIEDRICH ALVERDES0. E. PLATHTHORLEIF SCHJELDERUP- EBBER . E.BUCHANANFREDERICJ.E.VICTOR E. SHELFORDCLEMENTSWARRENS. THOMPSONF. DASHIELLW. D. WALLISERWIN A. ESPERHERBERT FRIEDMANNEDWIN DEEKS HARVEYF. L. WELLSRAYMOND ROYCE WILLOUGHBYMELVILLE ]. HERSKOVITSCLARK WISSLERCATHARINE Cox MILESADA W. YERKESWALTER R. MILESROBERTM.YERKESEdited byCARL MURCHISONVOLUMETWONEW YORK/ RUSSELL & RUSSELL
COPYRIGHT,1935,BYCLARK UNIVERSITYREISSUED, 1967, BY RUSSELL & RUSSELLA DIVISION OF ATHENEUM HOUSE, INC.BY ARRANGEMENT WITH CLARK UNIVERSITY PRESSL. C. CATALOG CARD NO: 66-24735PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
TABLE OF CONTENTSIXPrefaceSOCIAL PHENOMENA IN SELECTEDPOPULATIONSPART I.1. Population Behavior of Bacteria .3R. E. BucHANAN, Iowa State College2. Social Origins and Processes among Plants223. Human Populations49FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Carnegie Institution of WashingtonWARREN S. THOMPSON, Scripps Foundation for Research in Population ProblemsPART II.SOCIAL PHENOMENA IN INFRAHUMANSOCIETIES4. Insect Societies835. Bird Societies1420. E. PLATH, Boston UniversityHERBERT FRIEDMANN, United States National Museum6. The Behavior of Mammalian Herds and Packs185FRIEDRICH ALVERDES, Zoological Institute, MarburgPART III.:l.HISTORICAL SEQUENCES OF HUMANSOCIAL PHENOMENA2077. Social History of the NegroMELVILLEJ.HERSKOVITS, Northwestern UniverSity8. Social History of the Red Man268CLARK WISSLER, Yale University9. Social History of the White Man309W. D. WALLIS, University of Minnesota10. Social History of the Yellow Man361EDWIN DEEKS HARVEY, Dartmouth CollegePART IV. ANALYSES OF RECURRING PATTERNSIN SOCIAL PHENOMENA11. Language417ERWIN A . EsPER, University of Washington12. Magic and Cognate Phenomena: An Hypothesis461RAYMOND ROYEE WILLOUGHBY, Clark University13. Material Cui tureCLARK WISSLER, Yale University[xi]520
PART V.14.ANALYSES OF SOME CORRELATES OF SOCIAlPHENOMENAThe Physical Environment567VICTOR E . SHELFOR.D, University of Illinois15.Age in Human Society596WALTER R. MILES, Institute of Human Relations, Yale University16.Sex in Social PsychologyCATHARINE Cox MILES,University17.683Institute of Human Relations, Yale798Attitudes .GORDON W. ALLPORT, Harvard University18.Social Maladjustments: Adaptive Regression845F. L. WELLS, Harvard Medical SchoolPART VI.EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS OFSOCIAL PHENOMENA19. Relatively Simple Animal Aggregations919W. C. ALLEE, The University of Chicago20. Social Behavior of Birds947THORLEIF SCHJELDERUP-EBBE, Universite Nouvelle de Paris21.Social' Behavior in Infrahuman Primates973RoBERT M. YERKES, Yale UniversityADA W. YERKES, Yale University22. The Influence of Social Situations upon the Behavior ofChildren1034Lois BARCLAY MURPHY, Sarah Lawrence CollegeGARDNER MURPHY, Columbia University23.Experimental Studies of the Influence of Social Situations onthe Behavior of Individual Human Adults .1097]. F. DASHII!LL, University of North CarolinaName Index1159Subject Index1176[xn]
HANDBOOK OFSocial PsychologyVOLUME ITHEORY AND ARBINScHEERERTHOMPSONW.M.WHITINGEdited byGARDNERLINDZEYHarvard MASSACHUSETTS,LONDON, ENGLANDU.S.A.INC.
Copyright 1954ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.Printed in the United States of AmericaALL RIGHTS RESERVED.THIS BOOK, OR PARTS THERE-OF, MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUTWRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHERS.Library of Congress Catalog No. 54-5970Third printing -March 1959
CONTENTSPREFACEviipART1.HISTORICAL INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER I. The Historical Background of Modern Social Psychologyby GoRDON W. ALLPORT, Harvard UniversitypART2.3CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMATIC POSITIONSCHAPTER 2. Stimulus-Response Contiguity and Reinforcement Theory inSocial Psychologyby WILLIAM W. LAMBERT, Cornell University57CHAPTER 3. Cognitive Theory91by MARTIN ScHEERER, University of KansasCHAPTER 4. Psychoanalytic Theory and Its Applications in the SocialSciences. 143by CALVIN S. HALL, Western Reserve University, andGARDNER LINDZEY, Hamard UniversityCHAPTER 5. Field Theory in Social Psychologyby MoRTON DEUTSCH, New York Univenity. 181CHAPTER 6. Role .Theory. 223by THEODORE R. SARBIN, University of CaliforniaPART3.RESEARCH METHODSCHAPTER 7. Experiments: Their Planning and Executionby ALLEN L. EDWARDS, University of Washington. 259CHAPTER 8. Selected Quantitative Techniquesby FREDERICK MosTELLER and RoBERT R. BusH, Hamard. 289UniversityCHAPTER 9. Attitude Measurement. 335by BERT F. GREEN, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCHAPTER 10. Systematic Observational Techniques. 370by RoGER W. HEYNS and RoNALD LIPPITT, University ofMichiganCHAPTER II. Sociometric Measurement. 405by GARDNER LINDZEY and' EDGAR F. BoRGATTA, Harvard UnivenityCHAPTER 12. The Interview: A Tool of Social Science .by ELEANOR E . MACCOBY, Harvard University, andNATHAN MACCOBY, Boston Universityv. 449
viCONTENTSCHAPTER 13. Content Analysisby BERNARD BERELSON, Ford Foundation. 488CHAPTER 14. The Cross-Cultural Me thodby JoHN W. M. WHITING, Harvard University. 523CHAPTER 15. The Social Significance of Animal Studiesby D. 0 . HEBB and W. R. THOMPSON, McGi ll University. 532AuTHOR INDEXSUBJECT INDEX. 563. 577"
HANDBOOK OFSocial PsychologyVOLUMEIISPECIAL FIELDS AND BHAIREGEORGEC LEYF. LAZARSFELDPAULCHILDCECIL. A.JOHNBRUNERH.KLUCKHOHNRIECKENTAGIURITHIBAUTEdited byGARDNERLINDZEYHarvard MASSACHUSETTS,LONDON, ENGLANDU.S.A.INC.
Copyright 1954ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.Printed in the United States of AmericaALL RIGHTS RESERVED.THIS BOOK, OR PARTS THERE-OF, MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUTWRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHERS.Library of Congr·ess Catalog No. 54-5970Third printing -March 1959
CONTENTSviiPREFACEPART4.THE INDIVIDUAL IN A SociAL CoNTEXTCHAPTER 16. Social Motivationby GARDNER MuRPHY, The Menninger Foundation601CHAPTER 17. The Perception of Peopleby JEROME S. BRUNER and RENATO TAGIURI, Harvard University634CHAPTER 18. Socializationby IRVIN L. CHILD, Yale University655CHAPTER 19. Psycholinguisticsby GEORGE A. MILLER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology693CHAPTER 20. Humor and Laughterby J. C. FLUGEL. London, England709PART5.GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND PHENOMENA OF INTERACTIONCHAPTER 21. Experimental Studies of Group Problem Solving and Process.by HAROLD H. KELLEY, Yale University, andJoHN W. THIBAUT, University of North Carolina735CHAFER 22. Psychological Aspects of Social Structureby HENRY W. RIECKEN, Univasity of Minnesota, andGEORGE C. RoMANS, Harvard University786CHAPTER 23. Mass Phenomenaby RoGER W. BROWN, Harvard University833CHAPTER 24. Leadershipby CECIL A. GIBB, Dartmouth College877CHAPTER 25. Culture and Behaviorby CLYDE KLUCKHOHN, Harvard University921CHAPTER 26. National Character: The Study of Modal Personality and SocioculturalSystemsby ALEX INKELES and DANIEL J. LEVINSON, Harvard UniversityPART6.977APPLIED SociAL PsYCHOLOGYCHAPTER 27. Prejudice and Ethnic Relationsby JoHN HARDING and BERNARD KuTNER, Cornell University,HAROLD PROSHANSKY, Brooklyn College, andIsmoR CHEIN, New York University. 1021CHAPTER 28. Effects of the Mass Media of Communication .by CARL I. HovLAND, Yale University. 1062v
VlCONTENTSCHAPTER 29. Industrial Social Psychology .by MAsON HAIRE, University of California. 1104CHAPTER 30. The Psychology of Voting: An Analysis of Political Behavior.1124by SEYMOUR M. LIPSET, PAUL F. LAZARSFELD, ALLEN H. BARTON, andJuAN LINZ, Columbia University. 1177AuTHOR INDEX. 1205SUBJECT INDEXJ
The Handbook ofSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYSECOND EDITIONEdited by GARDNER LINDZEY and ELLIOT ARONSONUniversity of TexasVOLUME ONEHISTORICAL INTRODUCTIONI SYSTEMATICPOSITIONS.TTADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANYReading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California London Don Mills, Ontario
Copyright 1954, 1968, Philippines copyright 1968 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced , stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means , electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in theUnited States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. Library of Congress Catalog'Card No. 68-19347.
ContentsVOLUME ONEHISTORICAL INTRODUCTION1.The Historical Background of Modern Social PsychologyGordon W . Allport, Harvard UniversitySYSTEMATIC POSITIONS2.Stimulus-Response Theory in Contemporary Social PsychologySeymour M. Berger, Indiana UniversityWilliam W. Lambert, Cornell University3.Mathematical Models of Social BehaviorSeymour Rosenberg, Rutgers University4.The Relevance of Freudian Psychologyand Related Viewpoints for the Social Sciences 245Calvin S. Hall, Institute of Dream Research and University of California, Santa CruzGardner Lindzey, University of Texas5.Cognitive Theories in Social PsychologyRobert B. Zajonc, University of Michigan6.Field Theory in Social PsychologyMorton Deutsch, Columbia University7.Role Theory 488Theodore R. Sarbin, University of California, BerkeleyVernon L. Allen, University of Wisconsin179320412xn81
Contents8.Organizations 568Richard M. Cyert, Carnegie-Mellon UniversityKenneth R. MacCrimmon, Carnegie-Mellon UniversityAuthor Index615Subject Index635VOLUME TWORESEARCH METHODS9.Experimentation in Social PsychologyElliot Aronson and J. Merrill Carlsmith10.Data Analysis, Including StatisticsFrederick Mosteller and John W. Tukey11.Attitude MeasurementWilliam A. Scott12.Simulation of Social BehaviorRobert P. Abelson13 . Systematic Observational MethodsKarl E. Weick14.Measurement of Social Choice and Interpersonal AttractivenessGardner Lindzey and Donn Byrne15.InterviewingCharles F. Cannell and Robert L. Kahn16.Content AnalysisOle R. Holsti, with the collaboration ofJoanne K. Loomba and Robert C. North17.Methods and Problems in Cross-Cultural ResearchJohn W. M. Whiting18.The Social Significance of Animal StudiesD. 0 . Hebb and W. R . ThompsonVOLUME THREETHE INDIVIDUAL IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT19.Psychophysiological Approaches in Social PsychologyDavid Shapiro and Andrew Crider20.Social MotivationLeonard Berkowitz21.The Nature of Attitudes and Attitude ChangeWilliam J. McGuirexm
xzvContents22.Social and Cultural Factors in Perce ptionHenri Tajfel23.Person PerceptionRenata Tagiuri24 .SocializationEdward Zigler and Irvin L. Child25.Personality and Social InteractionDavid Marlowe and Kenneth]. Gergen26.PsycholinguisticsGeorge A. Miller and David McNeill27.Laughter, Humor, and PlayD. E. Berlyne28.EstheticsIrvin L. ChildVOLUME FOURGROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND PHENOMENA OF INTERACTION29.Group Problem SolvingHarold H. Kelley and John W. Thibaut30. Group Structure: Attraction, Coalitions, Communication, and PowerBarry E. Collins and Bertram H. Raven31.LeadershipCecil A. Gibb32.Social Structure and BehaviorWilbert E. Moore33. Cultural Psychology: Comparative Studies of Human BehaviorGeorge A . DeVos and Arthur E. Hippler34. National Character: The Study of Modal Personality and Sociocultural SystemsAlex Inkeles and Daniel]. Levinson35. Collective Behavior: Crowds and Social MovementsStanley Milgram and Hans Toch36. The Social Psychology of Infrahuman Animals]. P. ScottVOLUME FIVEAPPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY37.Prejudice and Ethnic RelationsJohn Harding, Harold Proshansky, Bernard Kutner, and Isidor Chein
Contents38.Effects of the Mass Media of CommunicationWalter Weiss39.Industrial Social PsychologyVictor H. Vroom40.Psychology and EconomicsHerbert A . Simon and Andrew C. Stedry41.Political BehaviorDavid 0. Sears42.A Social Psychology of Education]. W. Getzels43.Social-Psychological Aspects of International RelationsAmitai Etzioni44.Psychology of ReligionJames E . Dittes45.Social Psychology of Mental HealthHoward E. Freeman and jeanne M . Giovannonixv
THIRD EDITIONHandbook ofSocial PsychologyVOLUME ITheory and MethodGardner LindzeyCenter for Advanced Study in the Behavioral SciencesElliot AronsonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz RANDOM HOUSENew YorkDistributed exclusively byLawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., PublishersHillsdale, New Jersey, and London
Third Edition987654321Copyright 1985 by Newbery Award Records, Inc .All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part ofthis book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includingphotocopying, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should beaddressed to Newbery Award Records, Ihc., 201 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022.Published in the United States by Newbery Award Records, Inc., a subsidiary of RandomHouse/ Alfred A. Knopf, Inc ., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House ofCanada Limited, Toronto. Distributed by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.Library of Congress Cataloging irt Publication DataMain entry under title:The Handbook of social psychology.Includes index.Contents: v. 1. Theory and method-v. 2. Special fields and applications.1. Social psychology. I. Lindzey, Gardner.II. Aronson, Elliot.HM251.H224 198530284-1850
Industrial Social Psychology Victor H. Vroom 40. Psychology and Economics Herbert A. Simon and Andrew C. Stedry 41. Political Behavior David 0. Sears 42. A Social Psychology of Education ]. W. Getzels 43. Social-Psychological Aspects of International Relations Amitai Etzioni 44. Psychology of Religion James E. Dittes 45. Social Psychology of .
Social Psychology - Week 1 - Reading Notes Chapter 1 - Introducing Social Psychology - What is Social Psychology? - Social psychology has been defined as 'the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others'. - Social psychologists are interested in explaining human behaviour .
Prologue: The Story of Psychology 3 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Psychological Science is Born Psychological Science Develops. 2 4 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Big Debate .
Defining Social Psychology. So, what about the above series of interactions helps to define the field of social psychology? For . one thing, the events were rich in social psycho-logical phenomena. Drawing on the definitions in several social psychology textbooks (e.g., Myers, Spencer, & Jordon, 2009), social psychology. may
As Chair of the Department of Clinical and School Psychology, it is my pleasure to welcome you to our programs for the 2020-2021 academic year. We are part of the College of Psychology that offers bachelor's degrees in psychology and behavioral neuroscience and graduate programs in clinical psychology, school psychology, counseling,
Roots in Spanish Psychology dated back to Huarte de San Juan (1575). From this period to nowadays, Psychology has notably developed, branching in different areas such as psychology and sports and physical exercise, clinical and health psychology, educational psychology, psychology of social inte
What Is Social Psychology? LO 1.1 Define social psychology and explain why it relies on scientific description and theory. LO 1.2 Explain why social psychology is considered a bridge discipline. Social psychology is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and be-haviors are influenced by other people.
mental psychology (Volume 4), personality and social psy-chology (Volume 5), developmental psychology (Volume 6), and educational psychology (Volume 7). Volumes 8 through 12 address the application of psychological knowledge in five broad areas of professional practice: clinical psychology (Volume 8), health psychology (Volume 9), assessment psy-
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