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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationParental Psychiatric DisorderDistressed Parents and Their FamiliesSecond Edition‘A unique and innovative approach to family issues in psychiatric disorders. The authors tackle abroad range of complex issues that are rarely covered in the depth or with the expertise that thisvolume brings. This book is a major contribution to the field and provides the kind of internationalperspective that enhances our understanding of the complex dimensions of psychiatric disordersfrom a multigenerational and cross-cultural perspective.’From a review of the first edition by Carol Nadelson,Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School.It is indisputable that mental illness in a parent has serious and often adverse effects on the child,something which is surprisingly not reflected in clinical service provision. In this completelyrewritten new edition, an international, multidisciplinary team of professionals review the mostup-to-date treatment interventions from a practical, clinical point of view. It is essential readingfor all professionals dealing with adult mental illness and child-care.Michael Göpfert has pioneered integrative therapeutic psychotherapy services in Liverpool andrecently has been involved in setting up treatment services for people with difficult-to-treatpersonality disorders.Jeni Webster was based at the University of Manchester before becoming a family therapist inan adult mental health setting.Mary Seeman is Professor Emerita at the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Torontobased at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. In 2001 she received the Golden Awardof the Canadian Psychiatric Association for her lifetime contribution to the advancement ofpsychiatric research in Canada. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationParental Psychiatric DisorderDistressed Parents and Their FamiliesSECOND EDITIONEdited byMichael GöpfertConsultant Psychiatrist in Psychotherapy,Webb House, CreweJeni WebsterFamily Therapist, WarringtonandMary V. SeemanProfessor Emerita, Department of Psychiatry,University of Toronto in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, TokyoCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UKPublished in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New Yorkwww.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521534970 Cambridge University Press 2004This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2004A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataParental psychiatric disorder : distressed parents and their families / [edited by] MichaelGöpfert, Jeni Webster, Mary V. Seeman. – 2nd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0 521 53497 6 (paperback)1. Families of the mentally ill. 2. Children of the mentally ill. 3. Problemfamilies – Mental health services. I. Göpfert, Michael, 1947– II. Webster, Jeni.III. Seeman, M. V. (Mary Violette), 1935–[DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders – psychology. 2. Parenting – psychology. 3. Child ofImpaired Parents – psychology. 4. Mental Disorders – therapy. 5. Parent–Child Relations.WM 140 P228 2003]RC455.4.F3 P365 2003616.89–dc21 2002036835ISBN 978-0-521-53497-0 PaperbackTransferred to digital printing (with corrections) 2009Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, traveltimetables and other factual information given in this work are correct atthe time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guaranteethe accuracy of such information thereafter. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationTo the memory ofChanni Kumar in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationContentsList of contributorsForewordpage xxiiiGraham ThornicroftPrefacePart I1xvBasic issuesWhat we want from adult psychiatrists and their colleagues:‘Telling it like it is’3Sandra Bilsborrow2Parenthood and adult mental health8Mary V. Seeman and Michael Göpfert3Parental psychiatric disorder and the developing child22Alyson Hall4Parental psychiatric disorder and the attachment relationship50Jonathan Hill5The construction of parenting and its context62Michael Göpfert, Jeni Webster and Julia NelkiPart II6Comprehensive assessment and treatment‘The same as they treat everybody else’87Vicki Cowling7Formulation and assessment of parenting93Michael Göpfert, Jeni Webster and Julia Nelkivii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationviii8ContentsMentally ill mothers in the parenting role: clinical managementand treatment112Teresa Jacobsen9Perinatal mental illness: nature/nurture123Gertrude Seneviratne and Sue Conroy10Assessment and treatment issues when parents have personality disorders139Eia Asen and Heiner SchuffPart IIISpecific disorders: the impact on parent—child relationships11Schizophrenia and motherhood161Mary V. Seeman12When a parent suffers from an affective disorder: effect on the child172Christine Puckering13Alcohol and drug problems in parents: an overview of the impact onchildren and implications for practice185Richard Velleman14When mothers abuse drugs203Sydney L. Hans15Personality disorder in parents: developmental perspectivesand intervention217Gwen Adshead, Adrian Falkov and Michael GöpfertPart IVSpecific treatments and service needs16Psychopharmacology and motherhood241Mary V. Seeman and Neil Seeman17Social work issues249David Clodman18Parental psychiatric disorder and the law: the American case257Colby C. Brunt19Parenting and mental illness. Legal frameworksand issues – some international comparisons271Amy Weir in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationixContentsPart VChild-sensitive therapeutic interventions20The child grown up: ‘on being and becoming mindless’:a personal account287Denise Roberts21Talking with children and their understanding of mental illness292Alan Cooklin22Family therapy when a parent suffers from psychiatric disorder306Alan Cooklin and Gill Gorell BarnesPart VIModels for collaborative services and staff training23Keeping the family in mind: setting a local agenda for change325Clare Mahoney24Are services for families with a mentally ill parent adequate?333Duncan McLean, Jennifer Hearle and John McGrath25Models of service provision in three countries: Marlboro,New Haven, Sydney, Melbourne and Lewisham345Vicki Cowling26Overcoming obstacles to interagency support: learning from Europe361Karen Baistow and Rachael Hetherington27Training and practice protocols375Adrian FalkovAfterword393John CoxIndex in this web service Cambridge University Press396www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationContributorsGwen AdsheadBroadmoor HospitalCrowthorneBerkshire RG45 7EG, UKEia AsenMarlborough Family Service38 Marlborough PlaceLondon NW8 0PJ, UKKaren BaistowDivision of Psychological MedicineKCL Guy’s Campus9th Floor, Capital House42 Weston StreetLondon SE1 1UL, UKSandra BilsborrowBarnados24 Colquitt StreetLiverpool L1 4DE, UKColby C. Brunt294 Washington Street, Suite 320Boston, MA 02108, USADavid ClodmanCentre for Addiction and Mental Health250 College StreetTorontoOntario M5T 1R8, CanadaSue ConroyDivision of Psychological MedicineDe Crespigny ParkDenmark HillLondon SE5 8AF, UKAlan CooklinFamily ProjectCamden & IslingtonMental Health & Social Care TrustSt. Pancras Hospital4, St. Pancras WayLondon NW1 0PE, UKVicki CowlingMaroondah Hospital CAMHS21 Ware CrescentRingwood East 3135Victoria, AustraliaJohn CoxHarplands HospitalHilton RoadHarpfieldsStoke on Trent ST4 6TH, UKAdrian FalkovConsultant Child & Adolescent PsychiatristDepartment of Psychological MedicineChildern’s Hospital WestmeadLocked Bag 4001Westmead 2145Sydney, NSW, Australiax in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationxiList of contributorsMichael GöpfertWebb House Democratic TherapeuticCommunityVictoria AvenueCrewe CW2 7SQ, UKGill Gorell BarnesTavistock Clinic120 Belsize LaneLondon NW3 5BA, UKAlyson HallEmanuel Miller Centre for Families andChildrenThe Health Centre11 Gill StreetLondon E14 8HQ, UKSydney L. HansDepartment of Psychiatry, MC3077The University of Chicago5841 S Maryland AvenueChicago, IL 60637, USAJennifer HearleQueensland Centre for SchizophreniaResearchWolston Park HospitalWacol Q4076, AustraliaRachael Hetheringtonc/o Karen BaistowDivision of Psychological MedicineKCL Guy’s Campus9th floor, Capital House42 Weston StreetLondon SE1 1UL, UKJonathan HillChild Mental Health UnitMulberry HouseRoyal Liverpool Children’s HospitalAlder Hey, Eaton RoadLiverpool L12 2AP, UK in this web service Cambridge University PressTeresa JacobsenSchool of Social WorkUniversity of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign1207 West Oregon StreetUrbana, Illinois 61810, USAClare MahoneyNational Institute for Mental Health(England)North-West TeamHyde HospitalGrange Road SouthHyde Cheshire SK14 5NY, UKJohn McGrathQueensland Centre for SchizophreniaResearchWolston Park HospitalWacol Q4076, AustraliaDuncan McLeanQueensland Centre for SchizophreniaResearchWolston Park HospitalWacol Q4076, AustraliaJulia NelkiSeymour HouseSeymour TerraceLiverpool L3 5TE, UKChristine PuckeringDepartment of Child and AdolescentPsychiatryRoyal Hospital for Sick ChildrenYorkhillGlasgow G3 8SJ, UKHeiner SchuffMarlborough Family Service38 Marlborough PlaceLondon NW8 0PJ, UKwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationxiiList of contributorsMary V. SeemanCentre for Addiction and Mental Health250 College StreetTorontoOntario M5T 1R8, CanadaNeil Seeman260 Heath Street WestTorontoOntario M5P 3L6CanadaGertrude SeneviratneDivision of Psychological MedicineDe Crespigny ParkDenmark HillLondon SE5 8AF, UKRichard VellemanDirector of Research andDevelopment3 East, 2.10University of BathBath BA2 7AY, UKJeni WebsterPsychological TherapiesGarven PlaceWarrington WA1 1RH, UKAmy Weir115 Mount View RoadLondon N4 4JH, UKGraham ThornicroftHealth Services Research DepartmentDe Crespigny ParkDenmark HillLondon SE5 8AF, UK in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationForewordGraham ThornicroftInstitute of Psychiatry, London, UKThe joys of parents are secret, and so are their griefs and fears.Francis Bacon (1625) Essays. Of Parents and Children.This thoroughly revised second edition of Parental Psychiatric Disorder, followingon so soon upon the heels of the first edition, shows both how important thisbook has become and how rapidly the field is changing. The first edition brokenew ground by presenting a coherent range of contributions across the spectrumfrom primary research, through policy to clinical practice. The new edition takesthe field a measured step further. One measure of the rapid maturation of thisarea is that discussion of the complex interactions between mentally ill parentsand their families is now entering mainstream clinical practice in many countries.Until recently, at least in many adult services, the dominant mental health paradigmfocused primarily upon the individual treatment offered by a clinician to a patient.The importance of this paradigm shift, towards seeing unwell parents in relationto their immediate and their wider family contexts, is of fundamental importance.This more complex perspective necessarily means that many aspects of theconventional treatment approach have to be revised or completely rethought. Afamily-context perspective means less certainty for staff who will now need to takeinto account simultaneously many points of view. Such complexities include, forexample (as this splendid volume clearly demonstrates) the need to balance theinterests of the child and each of the parents. This focus upon unmet needs of families is especially important now, at a time when, in some economically developedcountries, there is a wider cultural shift towards risk avoidance, and it is necessaryto recognize that professional abilities to predict harmful activities, for example byparents towards their children, are imprecise at best.The epidemiological context to this field is also of major importance. As severalchapters show, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is such that in manycultures children are now more likely than not to live with a parent undergoing aperiod of mental illness at some time during their upbringing. The increasing ratesxiii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationxivForewordof separation, and divorce are likely to make such exposure even more probablein the foreseeable future. Parental mental illness therefore poses a very substantialpublic health challenge to many communities. Given this, it is surprising that there isrelatively little high-quality research addressing aetiology, prevention and treatmentfrom a family perspective. This volume summarizes much of the published scientificinvestigations. Thus far, the social, psychological and psychotherapeutic traditionshave only just begun to join forces with genetic and epidemiologic investigators,in order to bring the full rigour of a truly multidisciplinary approach to this field.Such an approach will lead to an understanding of the complex chains of causationof mental illness and distress among mentally ill parents, their children and theirshared families. At the same time there is a need to apply the highest possiblescientific standards to intervention studies for and with such families, includingthe use of randomized controlled trials more often in future.This book presents a balanced, humane and expert source of knowledge. Toughissues are addressed head on: including complex ethical and legal issues, alongsidea clear emphasis upon what has been learned from clinical practice, using vignettesand case histories to carefully illustrate the key points. The question of what does‘family’ mean in times of separated and reconstituted relationships is addressed,as is the difficult area of blame (children blaming themselves, and also parentsblaming themselves, for parental mental illness), a form of internalized stigma.From the many expert contributions in this volume, the second edition of this richrepository can only serve to advance our knowledge and practice in relation toparental psychiatric disorder. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families, Second EditionEdited by Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Mary V. SeemanFrontmatterMore informationPrefaceBeing asked to provide a second edition of ‘Parental Psychiatric Disorder’ meantthat the initial edition had filled a perceived gap. We were pleased and caught bysurprise by the response to the first edition, each of us now in new places andstages of life and career. We had moved on and so had the field. Like the previousedition, but perhaps more clearly so, the volume focuses on the parent with apsychiatric disorder while keeping in mind that the best interests of the child mustbe considered paramount, if service systems are to work coherently, so that childand adult services complement one another. This edition is completely rewrittenbar one chapter by Roberts (Chapter 20), which because of its seminal value, wasretained unchanged. Two other chapters (Hall, Chapter 3; Velleman, Chapter 13)were retained but revised and updated. The rest of the chapters are either completelyrewritten, or are new, representing the changes in thinking, knowledge and servicedevelopments that have taken place since 1995. We made a conscious editorialdecision not to republish material where no major change had occurred (e.g. eatingdisorders, psychosomatic disorders, learning disability). The first edition remainsavailable as a resource and is referenced extensively in this volume.Our own interests have made us more aware of some developments focusing onpersonality-disordered parents and their children. We therefore commissioned anew chapter (Adshead et al., Chapter 15) and asked previous contributors to focustheir rewritten chapter on personality-disordered parents and their families (Asenand Schuff, Chapter 10). Similarly, we felt that the voice of parents was not presentenough in the literature. We therefore commissioned a chapter by Clare Mahoney(Chapter 23), and Vicky Cowling kindly agreed to collect data for the compilationof a chapter that could represent the voice of parents (Chapter 25).Perhaps the most striking differences in this edition will be in the developmentof family-sensitive services in so many different countries. Some of these have hada major impact on the delivery of mental health services to women (e.g. Cowling,Chapter 25), or for women with specific disorders. Of course our own thinking andour work has developed further and this is reflected in a number of contributions.xv in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-53497-0 - Parenta

3 Parental psychiatric disorder and the developing child 22 Alyson Hall 4 Parental psychiatric disorder and the attachment relationship 50 Jonathan Hill 5 The construction of parenting and its context 62 Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Julia Nelki Part II Comprehensive assessment a

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