A New Trajectory Measurement System For The CERN PS
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSReferencesThese transparencies: http://cern.ch/jeroen/slides/DIPAC05slides.pdfJ.M. Belleman, "Using a Libera signal processor for acquiring position data from the PSorbit pick-ups", CERN AB-Note-2004-059 ern/others/ab/ab-note-2004-059.pdfR. Garoby, S. Hancock, A. Ozturk, J-C. Perrier, J-L. Vallet, “PS machine developmentreport: Preparation of the nominal production beam for the AD”,PS/RF/Note 99-01 (MD)R. Garoby, S. Hancock, J-L. Vallet, “Demonstration of bunch triple splitting in theCERN PS”, CERN/PS 2000-038 (RF)1J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSThe CERN PS complexTT70Radius: 100 mEast hallEnergy: 26 GeVBoosterRF harmonic: 8 to 420CBBunches: 1 to 420Charge/bunch:TT21·109 to 8·1012 Q0North hallYPick-Ups: 40LEIRLinac IISouth hallPU type : ElectrostaticThese transparencies: http://cern.ch/jeroen/slides/DIPAC05slides.pdf2J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPick-Up electrodesLength:62 mmAperture:166x80 mmCapacitance: 100pFRt:0.52ΩSx:174 mmSy:82 mm3J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSAnalogue signal processingY VGAHybridAttenuatorsXFilterLNAX5m, 50 ΩX VGAΣAttenuatorsFilterΣLNA5m, 50 ΩY-VGAAttenuatorsYFilterLNAY5m, 50 ΩX-calibrationcontrolPick-up ControlattenuatorcontrolgaincontrolFrom DSC4J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSAcquisitionDigitizing hardware: LiberaFour 125MSPS, 12 bit ADCsLarge SDRAMXilinx Virtex II FPGARef: Libera, Instrumentation Technologies d.o.o., Srebrnicev trg 4 a, SI-5250 Solkan, Slovenia5J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSSample 2 1000 00samplesLHC, at 2nd injectionEASTC, 3.6·1012p /b 3·1011p /b6J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSIntegration algorithm450400350300250200150100500 50 30 25 20 15 10 5051015GateBase line correction is needed to remove sensitivity to gate lengthIntegration is simple addition of baseline-corrected samples(This leaves a lot of room for refinements)7J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSFinding the position0.2mm 8000-3010000 12000 14000 16000 18000 grals14000160001800020000Turns 0σ 0.1mmx Sx8x -0.1"Xpos"J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPrinciple of base line restitution70040060030050040020030010020010000 100 2003000 100305031003150320032503300335034003450 0samplessamplesLHC beam with BLRLHC beam without BLRFullwave rectify and low-pass filter Σ to get an estimate of the baselineThen add that to the original ΣSimilar for , but still use Σ to get the sign of the correction9J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPrinciple of base line restitutionΣΣ outSgn() out rawn10 B raw ,n1 a sgn ,n 1 aB ,n Bn B 1 a ,n 1 naB ,n B Block diagram of base line restorerraw,nJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSRevolution Frequency vs. B fieldkHz500477450400Rm Q h BPb53 Rm Q Bmc2 2 R0 m 1 f436350300p 250Rm 70.0789 mR0 100 mQ [C]m [kg]B . Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPhase of RF slides w.r.t. beamThe phase relation between beamand RF shifts with changing Frevdue to cable delays.This is an EASTC beam overthe first 425ms after injection.12J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSγ-transitionIn the PS, a p beam goesthrough transition at a kineticenergy of 4.8 GeV (γtr 6.08).The phase of the cavity RF ischanged abruptly to maintainlongitudinal stability.This picture has been takenon an SFTPRO cycle. Thephase change due to γtransition is about 120 .13J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSRF gymnasticsDuring LHC cycles, eachbunch is split into threeequal bunchlets in about25ms.This is done on theinjection plateau at 1.4GeV,by gradually increasing theRF at h 21, while at thesame time reducing the RFat h 7.14J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSCreating a reference frequencyNumerical phase locked loopDDS running at FrevLookup table generates LO and GateregulatorPUfilterεMSBLOB f f θphasetableGateBLRsysclockBInsensitive to changes in filling patternsIndependent of signal polarityCan be made to deal cleanly with RF gymnastics15J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSIntermediate k1M100 10000 200 5k 100 2000 1M 300 400050100150200250300350400450500 10k010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k100k 3M2M1M0 1M 150k100k0100k50k50k 50000 1k010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k100k 50k 50k010k20k30k40k1650k60k70k80k90k100kJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSCreating a reference frequency3503.85e 06FRF3003.8e 062503.75e 062001503.7e 061003.65e 06503.6e 0603.55e 06 503.5e 06 100 1500501001502002503003504004503.45e 06500samples05e 061e 071.5e 072e 072.5e 073e 073.5e 07samplesPU signal and reconstructed RF at h 7Evolution of RF frequency during acceleration150100There is a trade off between settling time and accuracy:50Too slow and it won't follow accelerationToo fast and the reconstructed RF will be noisy0 50(Past experience indicates that 20-100µs is about right) 100 1500100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1e 06samplesPhase error (ε) vs. PU and RF phase difference17J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSThe generated Gate timing 01005000 1000100200300400500600700800900 501kExample of generated gate around 2nd injection01002003004005006007008009001000Idem, during bunch splitting600500Gate is initially centred on the bunchAfter splitting, it remains centred on the central bunchlet,spanning almost three of them at onceAn external timing signal prompts it to readjust400300200100And after the harmonic change0 10005010015020025030035040045050018J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSOn 00-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.200.2X0.40.60.81mmµ : -0.09mmσ : 0.07mm 2 2X2 SxX X Turns -0.35219J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSConclusionsA prototype Libera* has been used to acquire PU signals at theCERN PS. (Sampling rate 108.37MS/s, 16Ms on two channels)Data processing has been done off-line, so far.A workable synchronisation algorithm has been designed.Measuring trajectories all bunches every turn with 0.1mmresolution is possible.Resolution is limited by analogue signal noise and samplingspeed, not by ADC number of bits.*Instrumentation Technologies d.o.o., Srebrnicev trg 4 a, SI-5250 Solkan, Slovenia20J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSEvolution of bunch length during acceleration2000500N4001500300100020010050000 100 5000102030405060708090 200100Sample05101520253035404550samplesZoom in on LHC-typebunches at h 21Bunch length near injection: 120nsBunch length near transition: 30ns21J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSBeam compression on ADOn AD cycles, the fourinjected bunches, which areinitially equally distributedaround the ring, aresqueezed together using asequence of harmonicchanges, 8, 10, 12 . 20.22J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPLL response analysis 3x 10400Open Loop Bode Editor (C)Root Locus Editor (C)506f0DDSεFilterMagnitude (dB)042 50Imag Axis 100G.M.: 11.8 dBFreq: 5.49e 05 rad/secStable loop0 1500 2 90Phase (deg) 1zRegulator 4 270Simplified block diagram0.991810 1 7 DDS0.995Real AxisRoot locus and Bode plots h z 1232 1 zP.M.: 47.9 degFreq: 2e 05 rad/sec 360461010Frequency (rad/sec) 60.985H dds 18012Step Responsex 1010 1z256 1 0.996 z164 3 HF Low-pass filter1Amplitude8 MixerH m 40001 2 2 3 HR KR z Regulator 1 0.999 z1 z 1 200.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91 4Time (sec)23x 10Step (in ε) responseJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSLow pass filter stagez 11 0.996 z50 40301X yxY20100 y n 0.996 y n1 1010uxnaZ 1100u1m10m100m11m10m100m118090y x y - (y 8);0 90 18010u100u1 1 0.999 z 1 yzx High pass filter stageY y n x n 0.999 x nX1y x - ix;ix x - (x 10);Z 1100 10 20 30 40 50 60 7010u100u1m10m100m11m10m100m1180b900 90 18010u24100uJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPhase noise IFirst find the phase error gain:8M2 x72 k f x4M 6M8 M sin2M 2M 4M f' x 16 M2 xcos72 k72 k 0Normalised to one period of the phase error:010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k200k4m150k3m1m00 50k 1m 2m010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k 2m50k 100kM 50 10 6 1G100k16 G100k 8M 6M100kRaw phase noise010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k100kPhase noise as a fraction of an RF period25J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPhase noise II32There are235.517296830 hsamples in one RF period. (For LHC, h 7)120m100m80m60mσ 0.03 samples40m20m0 20m 40m 60m 80m010k20k30k40k50k60k70k80k90k100kPhase noise normalised to one sample26J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSMagnetic CyclesPeak B 1.26TdB 2.3T/sdtdF 1.6MHz/sdtInjection field B 0.1TInjection at C170Injection E 1.4 GeV (p )27J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSHandling harmonic changes350250NN200300250150200100150501000500 50 50 100 100 150 200 1500100200300400500600700800900 lesLHC beam at h 7LHC beam at h 21140AU120RF gymnastics in PS have special requirements:100h 2180Choose signal from several possible sourcesProduce several LO harmonic numbersProduce appropriate gate timingsSwitch from one to another dynamicallyWITHOUT LOSING LOCK!60h 740200h 1402e 064e 066e 068e 061e 071.2e 07 1.4e 07 1.6e 07 1.8e 07samplesEvolution of magnitude of harmonics on LHC28J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSDigital filtersaXZ 1YZ 1ab0XZ 1by1 bzx One zero:Two poles & two zeroes1 a1 z 11 b 0 b1 z 1 bb21yx Z 1a2 Y1 bz1 az yxb1Z 1One pole & one zero X1 Onepole:11 az a1yxYb2 za2 z Y X22129J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSChoosing sweet filter coefficientsSo for a (real) pole:y z 11 0.996 z yx1 12561256xZ 1256 125630yy1 0.996 zx . and for a zero:1 Nice filter coefficients are:127/128 0.992.255/256 0.996.511/512 0.998.1023/1024 0.999.Z 1256 xJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN 025003000OrbitAverage N trajectories (N 100)Gain 10 times in resolution31J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSTune 6789µs-300204060Raw data80100120140160180Position200revolutions0.5mm m in on revolutionsq 0.161532J. Belleman - CERN
33 #"" #"" #"" 6745674545 4#"" 4 Cable length from PU to pre-amp : 5mDouble shielded cable #""23232323232 8989678967896789676745454545454 #""23232323232 01010101010 8989678967896789676745454545454 ""23232323232 01010101010./././././. 444444 23232323232 01010101010./././././.,-,-,-,-,-, 222222 01010101010./././././.,-,-,-,-,-,()()()()()( ./././././.,-,-,-,-,-,()()()()()( * * * * * * ./././././.,-,-,-,-,-,()()()()()( * * * * * * &'&'&'&'&'& ,-,-,-,-,-,()()()()()( * * * * * * &'&'&'&'&'& % % % % % (((((( * * * * * * &'&'&'&'&'& % % % % % :;:;:;:;: Electronics can take 30 - 300Gy.Careful choice of components andcareful design can extend that to a few kGy. ****** &'&'&'&'&'& % % % % % :;:;:;:;: : % % % % %:;:;:;:; ! ! ::::: ! ! Radiation levels40kGy/y at 1.3m1kGy/y on the floor40Gy/y in the gap A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSRadiationPick-up40kGyFloor1kGyChassis40GyJ. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSInterpolation between sampling pointsFit a parabola through each successive sample tripletSum the definite integrals 1 k 2 yn k 1 y n2 k1 k2 1 k 1 yn af x dx An yn 1 f(x)yn 1 b ynxab integrate(For example, with a -0.5 and b 0.5, this gives k1 1 and k2 22)This doesn't yield any improvement!34J. Belleman - CERN
A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PSPrinciple of base line 010020010000 1000100200300400500600700800900 lesRaw signalWith base line restoredFullwave rectify and low-pass filter Σ to get an estimate of the baselineThen add that to the original ΣSimilar for , but still use Σ to get the sign of the correction35J. Belleman - CERN
CERN PS”, CERN/PS 2000-038 (RF) References. 2 J. Belleman - CERN A new trajectory measurement system for the CERN PS Booster CB TT2 TT70 East hall LEIR North hall Linac II South hall Y Radi
(like hiking and dining) or different transportation modes, such as walking and driving. We show examples of trajectory classification in Section 7. Trajectory Outlier Detection: Different from trajectory patterns that frequently occur in trajectory data, trajectory ou
St-Toolkit: A Framework for Trajectory Data Warehousing 3 Our contributions are twofold: a semantic model for trajectory data warehouse and a middleware for loading, designing and querying a spatio-temporal data warehouse. The model is based on the conceptual view on trajectories introduced by Spaccapietra et al. 2007. A trajectory is a segment
Traveling path is defined by parametric curves such as Bezier curve and B-Spline curve. To generate trajectories along the shape of the given path, the Frenet-frame is com-monly used in [6 ]. On the Frenet coordinate system, normal trajectory d(t) and tangential trajectory
Kit (STK) and NASA's General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT), offer a graphical environment for trajectory design incorporating gravitational fields at various levels of fidelity.6,7 However, the focus of these packages is generally directed towards the delivery of trajectory designs and other actual mission support capabilities.
tion. The rst contribution is a feedback-feedforward steering algorithm that enables an autonomous vehicle to accurately follow a speci ed trajectory at the friction lim-its while preserving robust stability margins. The second contribution is a trajectory generation algorithm that
Efficient constraint handling – Gradients guide search – Robust & efficient formulation Proven approach in EMTG software (Evolutionary Mission Trajectory Generator) Low-Thrust Trajectory Optimization From Sims and Flanaga
Trajectory-Based Operations targeting a 2035-2045 implementation timeframe. Simulation scenarios that demonstrate a representative Trajectory-Based Operations environment in that timeframe, and enable the evaluation of advanced airborne tools such
Alex Rider [7] Horowitz, Anthony Walker Books Ltd (2008) Rating: Product Description Alex Rider bites back. Splashing down off the coast of Australia, Alex is soon working undercover - this time for ASIS, the Australian Secret Service - on a mission to infiltrate the criminal underworld of South-East Asia: the ruthless world of the Snakehead. Faced with an old enemy and .
