FEMTC 2020 Evacuation Analysis Of A Large Experimental .
FEMTC 2020Evacuation analysis of a large experimentalcavern of the CERN accelerator complexGiordana Gai, Saverio La Mendola, Enrico Ronchi11-09-2020
Outline Introduction to CERN Case study Description of the facility Description of the Pathfinder model Results Conclusions11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex2
What’s CERN?Founded in 195423 member states 600 universities 2500 members of personnel 12000 usersTwo officiallanguages (EN, FR)11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex3
Some key figures 11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex45 km of accelerator tunnelsRadioactive and chemical laboratoriesWorkshops60 access points160 experiments800 buildings19’000 installations3 hotels1 nursery4
FIRIA projectThis study was carried out in the framework of the Fire-InducedRadiological Integrated Assessment (FIRIA) project(https://hse.cern/content/firia) – 1.6 MCHF project launched bythe CERN HSE Unit in early 2018Strong collaboration with Lund University for thedevelopment of the FIRIA risk-based methodologyincluding detailed evacuation analysis11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex5
Object of the study: Cavern A 100 m below ground Large 47000 m3 volume 50 m x 30 m x 35 m Experimental Particle detector11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex6
Object of the study: Cavern A11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex7
Object of the study: Cavern ASelf-rescue masks haveto be worn beforeevacuating from the toroid11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex8
Object of the study: Cavern A Fire detection systemManual call-points (alarm push buttons)Evacuation sirensEvacuation signalisation11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex9
Object of the study: Cavern AEvacuation concept Fire detection in Cavern A triggers anevacuation alarm in Cavern A and B Occupants can evacuate using two liftslocated in the pressurized shafts (Shaft1 and Shaft 2) leading to surfacebuildings11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex10
Approach Geometry from Toxicity data from FDS simulations using the PL3D feature (CO, CO2, O2) Definition of model inputs to treat the behavioural uncertainty Evacuation analysis (MC mode, 50 runs) Rescueability analysis for victims (unable to evacuate independently)11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex11
Pathfinder model11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex12
Treatment of the behavioural uncertaintyModel input #01: Number of occupantsNr of occupants vs timeCumulative distribution functionCumulative distribution function based on real data Experimental cavern1 28 occupants 12 visitors0.80.60.40.2005101520Number of occupants11/09/20202530Randomly distributedin the navigation mesh Service cavern 22 occupantsFEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex13
Treatment of the behavioural uncertaintyModel input #02: Delay timeThe delay time is obtained by summing the following:Probability density function(pdf)Pre-evacuation time distributions0.0140.012 Time to detect the fire: 60 s (FDS modelling)Galea - HPFW0.010.008BS Cat A awake andfamiliar (M1-B3-A1)0.006 Pre-evacuation time distribution (workers & visitors)0.0040.0020050100150200250300Initial delay (sec)HPFW: High Performance Formworks11/09/2020350 Travel time (60 s) inside the toroid estimated based on Past evacuation exercises Calculations based on critical paths and reducedwalking speedFEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex14
Treatment of the behavioural uncertaintyModel input #03: Walking speed Unimpeded horizontal walking speed Truncated normal distribution (μ 1.35 m/s, σ 0.25 m/s, max 1.85 m/s, min 0.85 m/s) 50 % reduction in ascending stairs No reduction due to high density (p/m2) No reduction due to smoke presenceFridolf, K., Ronchi, E., Nilsson, D. and Frantzich, H. (2019), “The representation of evacuation movement in smoke-filled underground transportation systems”, Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology, 90, 28-41.11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex15
Treatment of the behavioural uncertaintyModel input #04: Exit choice All known exits Three scenarios for the main cavern: Scenario 0 – all exits are available Scenario 1 – only Lift 1 is available Scenario 2 – only Lift 2 is available11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex16
Consequence analysis Performance criteria FED along the evacuation paths Visibility 10 m Temperature 60 C Heat flux 2.5 kW/m2BSI PD 7974-6:2019 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings. Humanfactors. Life safety strategies. Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6)11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex17
Evacuation analysisScenario 0 – All exits available11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex18
Evacuation analysisScenario 1 – Lift 1@600 sScenario 2 – Lift 2@600 s11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex19
Rescueability analysisOccupantFED max of victims calculated at t 3600 sFractional Effective Dose [-]11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex20
Conclusions The case study shows the benefits of using an agent-basedmodelling with Pathfinder for complex facilities Direct import of geometry and toxicity data from Pyrosim FED calculated along the evacuation paths Probabilistic treatment of behavioural uncertainty (also with MC mode) This type of evacuation analysis allows to provide cost-effectivesafety recommendations, acting only on the most penalizingscenarios and providing specific indications for areas of the facilitywhere the tenability conditions and FED requirements are notsatisfied.11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex21
References BSI PD 7974-6:2019 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings. Human factors. Lifesafety strategies. Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6) CERN Internal Report (2020), EDMS 2396252. Fridolf, K., Ronchi, E., Nilsson, D. and Frantzich, H. (2019), “The representation of evacuation movement in smokefilled underground transportation systems”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 90, 28-41. Galea, E.R., Deere, S., Xie, H., Hulse, L. and Cooney, D. (2019), Construction Site Evacuation Safety, IOSH. McGrattan, K., McDermott, R., Vanella, M., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J. (2020), “Fire Dynamics Simulator User’s Guide”,NIST Special Publication 1019, 6th Edition. Ronchi, E., Kuligowski, E.D., Reneke, P.A., Peacock, R.D., Nilsson, D. (2013), The Process of Verification andValidation of Building Fire Evacuation Models, NIST Technical Note 1822. Ronchi, E., La Mendola, S. (2016), Evacuation modelling for underground physics research facilities. Department ofFire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (2016), 5th Edition, 3, Chapter 63, 2308-2428. Thunderhead Engineering (2020), Pathfinder User Manual – Version 2020-3.11/09/2020FEMTC 2020 - Evacuation analysis of a large experimental cavern of theCERN accelerator complex22
Nov 09, 2020 · References BSI PD 7974-6:2019 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings. Human factors. Life safety strategies. Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6)
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