Strategic Management Model
Strategic Management ategyImplementation:Evaluationand Control:GatheringInformationDevelopingLong-range PlansPutting Strategyinto nd ThreatsNaturalEnvironment:Resources andclimateSocietalEnvironment:General forcesTaskEnvironment:MissionReason forexistenceObjectivesWhatresults toaccomplishby whenStrategiesPlan toachieve themission &objectivesPoliciesBroadguidelinesfor decisionmakingIndustry analysisProgramsActivitiesneeded toaccomplisha planBudgetsCost of theprogramsProceduresSequenceof stepsneeded todo the jobInternal:Strengths andWeaknessesStructure:Chain of commandCulture:Beliefs, expectations,valuesResources:Assets, skills,competencies,knowledgeFeedback/Learning: Make corrections as neededPerformanceActual results
THIRTEENTH EDITIONStrategicManagementand BusinessPolicyTOWARD GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY
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THIRTEENTH EDITIONStrategicManagementand BusinessPolicyTOWARD GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITYThomas L. WheelenJ. David HungerFormerly with University of VirginiaTrinity College, Dublin, IrelandIowa State UniversitySt. John’s Universitywith major contributions byKathryn E. WheelenAlan N. HoffmanBentley UniversityBoston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle RiverAmsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris MontrealToronto Delhi Mexico City Sa o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
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Dedicated toKATHY, RICHARD, AND TOMBETTY, KARI AND JEFF, MADDIE ANDMEGAN, SUZI AND NICK, SUMMER ANDKACEY, LORI, MERRY AND DYLAN,AND WOOFIE (ARF!).SPECIAL DEDICATION TO KATHRYN WHEELEN:Kathryn has worked on every phase of the case section of this book. Until this edition, she also managedthe construction of the Case Instructor’s Manual. She has done every job with a high level of dedicationand concern for both the case authors and the readers of this book.
This book is also dedicated to the following Prentice Hall/Pearson salesrepresentatives who work so hard to promote this book:NOLA AKALAKASEY CROCKETTBRIDGET HANNENBERGDAVID ALEVYDAN CURRIERBRYAN HARRELLTARA ALGEOKELLY DANTARA HARTLEYDAVID ARMSTRONGMICHLENE DAOUD HEALYKENNY HARVEYMIKE ASKEWSTACY DAVISALISON HASKINSLAURA BAILEYFRANK DEL CASTILLOCAROL HAWKSNICK BAKERMEREDITH DELA ROSAJENNIFER HEILBRUNNALICIA BARNESCHRIS DELANEYCHRISTINE HENRYASHLEY BARNESGEORGE DEVENNEYLYNN HICKSALICE BARRDANA DODGE (Frick)JULIE HILDEBRANDSHERRY BARTELKATE DOLDERDAUNNE HINGLEKENDRA BASSIBARBARA DONLONWENDI HOLLANDJAY BECKENSTEINHEIDI DRESSLERCHRISTY HUMENIUKJOSH BECKENSTEINTRACY DYBALSKIGENE HUMENIUKNICOLE BELLBRIAN DYKANDREA IORIOCATHY BENNETTKIM ECKSUSAN JACKSONKATIE BOLLINTRISH EICHHOLDPAM JEFFRIESSCOTT BORDENKRISTIN ELBERBRITTANY JUCHNOWSKIJENNIFER BOYLEKELSEY ELLIOTTANJALI JUSTUSAUNDREA BRIDGESKATIE EYNONCHERYL KABBSUZANNE BROWNGENEVA FARROWLAURA KAPPESALEXANDRA BUEHLERMARIA FELIBERTYGIA KAULKYLE BURDETTEMIKE FINERJULIE KESTENBAUMWHITNEY CAMERONMICHELLE FINNERTYKARTAPURKH KHALSARUTH CARDIFFCANDAS FLETCHERKIM KIEHLERAMY CAREYROBERT FLORYAMANDA KILLEENMEGAN CARRICOMARCIA FLYNNWALT KIRBYMARTI CARTERBRAD FORRESTERMARY-JO KOVACHANDREA CATULLO-LINNMARGARET FRENCHROBYN KOVARMEREDITH CHANDLERSTEPHANIE FRITSONGREG KRAMPLUKE CLAEYSMARK GAFFNEYDANIEL KRAUSSKAYLEE CLAYMOREMICHELLE GARCIA-JUCHTERMICHAEL KRISANDABRIAN COBBSYBIL GERAUDGINA LaMANTIAJENNIFER COLEAMBER GOECKECHAFIKA LANDERSTARYLL CONNOLLYCAROLYN GOGOLINDOROTHY LANDRYTHAYNE CONRADADAM GOLDSTEINDUSTIN LANGEDONNA CONROYBETH GRUNFELDALIX LaSCOLACAITLIN COUTHENMICAELA HAIDLEJOE LEEMEGAN JOY COWARTGREG HAITHAPRIL LEMONSCYNDI CRIMMINSDEMETRIUS HALLKIMBERLY LENAGHANvi
DEDICATIONTRICIA LISCIOCOLLEEN O’DELLMARY SHAPIROBETH LUDWIGDEBBIE OGILIVEBARBARA SHERRYCARY LUNASARI ORLANSKYKEN SHIPBAUGHJEMINA MACHARRYDAVE OSTROWDAVE SHULERKATIE MAHANDARCEY PALMERJESSICA SIEMINSKILAURA MANNKRISTINA PARKERLEA SILVERMANPATRICIA MARTINEZTONI PAYNEAUTUMN SLAUGHTERCHRISTINA MASTROGIOVANNIJULIANNE PETERSONKRISTA SLAVICEKSONNY MATHARUMELISSA PFISTNERSCOTT SMITHTONY MATHIASCANDACE PINATAROADRIENNE SNOWBROOK MATTHEWSBELEN POLTORAKLEE SOLOMONIDESGEORGIA MAYELIZABETH POPIELARZBEN STEPHENALICIA MCAULIFFEMEGAN PRENDERGASTDAN SULLIVANMASON McCARTNEYNICOLE PRICEJOHN SULLIVANKAREN McFADYENJILL PROMESSOLORI SULLIVANBRIAN McGARRYLENNY ANN RAPERSTEPHANIE SURFUSMICHELLE McGOVERNJOSH RASMUSSENAMANDA SVECIRENE McGUINNESSAMANDA RAYCHRISTINA TATERYAN McHENRYSONYA REEDSARAH THOMASCRISTIN McMICHAELRICHARD RESCHABBY THORNBLADHKEVIN MEASELLEMARY RHODESKATY TOWNLEYRAY MEDINABRAD RITTERELIZABETH TREPKOWSKIKELLY MEIERHOFERDAN ROBERTSONTARA TRIPPMOLLY MEINERSMATT ROBINSONCAROLYN TWISTMATT MESAROSJENNIFER ROSENJOE VIRZISHALON MILLERDOROTHY ROSENEAMANDA VOLZJAMI MINARDKELLEEN ROWEBRITNEY WALKERWILLIAM MINERICHRICH ROWEMADELEINE WATSONEMILY MITCHELLPEYTON ROYTEKBEN WEBERJILINE MIXSENG SAECHAODANIEL WELLSJULIE MORELSTEVE SARTORIMARK WHEELERRAFAEL MORENOLYNDA SAXLIZ WILDESTRACY MORSEBOB SCANLONMICHELLE WILESOLIVIA MOUGMARCUS SCHERERBRIAN WILLIAMSDOLLY MUNIZKIMBERLY SCHEYVINGERIN WILLIAMSTRICIA MURPHYHEIDI SCHICK (Miller)CINDY WILLIAMSONLAUREN MURROWBRAD SCHICKRACHEL WILLISAMBER MYLLION (Parks)CHRIS SCHMIDTSIMON WONGLINDA NELSONDEBORAH SCHMIDTKIMBERLY WOODSLYNNE NICLAIRMOLLY SCHMIDTJACKIE WRIGHTBOB NISBETCORRINA SCHULTZHEATHER WRUBLESKYBETSY NIXONWHITNEY SEAGOGEORGE YOUNGTOM NIXONCHRISTIANA SERLEMARY ZIMMERMANNLAURA NOAHMARTHA SERNASKACIE ZINvii
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Brief ContentsPART ONE Introduction to Strategic Management and Business Policy 11 Basic Concepts of Strategic Management 22 Corporate Governance 423 Social Responsibility and Ethics in Strategic Management 70CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERPART TWO Scanning the Environment 934 Environmental Scanning and Industry Analysis 945 Internal Scanning: Organizational Analysis 136CHAPTERCHAPTERPART THREE Strategy Formulation 1736 Strategy Formulation: Situation Analysis and Business Strategy 1747 Strategy Formulation: Corporate Strategy 2048 Strategy Formulation: Functional Strategy and Strategic Choice 236CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERPART FOUR Strategy Implementation and Control 269CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER9 Strategy Implementation: Organizing for Action 2701 0 Strategy Implementation: Staffing and Directing 3001 1 Evaluation and Control 328PART FIVE Introduction to Case Analysis 363CHAPTER1 2 Suggestions for Case Analysis 364PART SIX WEB CHAPTERS Other Strategic IssuesWEB CHAPTERWEB CHAPTERWEB CHAPTERA Strategic Issues in Managing Technology & InnovationB Strategic Issues in Entrepreneurial Ventures & Small BusinessesC Strategic Issues in Not-For-Profit OrganizationsPART SEVEN Cases in Strategic Management 1-1GLOSSARYG-1NAME INDEX I-1SUBJECT INDEXI-7ix
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ContentsPreface xxixPART ONECHAPTER1Introduction to Strategic Management and Business PolicyBasic Concepts of Strategic Management21.1 The Study of Strategic ManagementPhases of Strategic ManagementBenefits of Strategic Management15561.2 Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management 7Impact of Globalization8Impact of Environmental Sustainability8Global Issue: REGIONAL TRADE ASSOCIATIONS REPLACE NATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS 9Environmental Sustainability Issue: PROJECTED EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 121.3 Theories of Organizational Adaptation1.4 Creating a Learning Organization131.5 Basic Model of Strategic ManagementEnvironmental ScanningStrategy Formulation12141617Strategy Highlight 1.1: DO YOU HAVE A GOOD MISSION STATEMENT? 18Strategy ImplementationEvaluation and Control2122Feedback/Learning Process231.6 Initiation of Strategy: Triggering Events23Strategy Highlight 1.2: TRIGGERING EVENT AT UNILEVER 241.7 Strategic Decision Making25What Makes a Decision Strategic25Mintzberg’s Modes of Strategic Decision Making25Strategic Decision-Making Process: Aid to Better Decisions1.8 The Strategic Audit: Aid to Strategic Decision-Making1.9 End of Chapter Summary272829APPENDIX 1.A Strategic Audit of a Corporation34xi
xiiCONTENTSCHAPTER2Corporate Governance422.1 Role of the Board of DirectorsResponsibilities of the Board4545Members of a Board of Directors48Strategy Highlight 2.1: AGENCY THEORY VERSUS STEWARDSHIP THEORYIN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE50Nomination and Election of Board MembersOrganization of the Board5354Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on U.S. Corporate Governance55Global Issue: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IMPROVEMENTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 56Trends in Corporate Governance2.2 The Role of Top Management5758Responsibilities of Top Management58Environmental Sustainability Issue: CONFLICT AT THE BODY SHOP 592.3 End of Chapter SummaryCHAPTER362Social Responsibility and Ethics in Strategic Management3.1 Social Responsibilities of Strategic Decision MakersResponsibilities of a Business Firm7272Sustainability: More than Environmental?Corporate Stakeholders707575Environmental Sustainability Issue: THE DOW JONES SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 76Strategy Highlight 3.1: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CREDO 783.2 Ethical Decision Making79Some Reasons for Unethical Behavior79Strategy Highlight 3.2: UNETHICAL PRACTICES AT ENRON AND WORLDCOM EXPOSEDBY “WHISTLE-BLOWERS”80Global Issue: HOW RULE-BASED AND RELATIONSHIP-BASED GOVERNANCE SYSTEMSAFFECT ETHICAL BEHAVIOR81Encouraging Ethical Behavior3.3 End of Chapter Summary8386Ending Case for Part One: BLOOD BANANAS 90PART TWOCHAPTER4Scanning the Environment93Environmental Scanning and Industry Analysis4.1 Environmental Scanning9498Identifying External Environmental Variables98Environmental Sustainability Issue: MEASURING AND SHRINKING YOUR PERSONALCARBON FOOTPRINT100
CONTENTSGlobal Issue: IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL MARKETS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS 107Identifying External Strategic Factors1084.2 Industry Analysis: Analyzing the Task EnvironmentPorter’s Approach to Industry AnalysisIndustry EvolutionInternational Risk AssessmentStrategic Types110114Categorizing International IndustriesStrategic Groups109114115115117Hypercompetition117Using Key Success Factors to Create an Industry Matrix118Strategy Highlight 4.1: MICROSOFT IN A HYPERCOMPETITIVE INDUSTRY 1184.3 Competitive Intelligence120Sources of Competitive Intelligence121Strategy Highlight 4.2: EVALUATING COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE 122Monitoring Competitors for Strategic Planning4.4 Forecasting122123Danger of Assumptions123Useful Forecasting Techniques1244.5 The Strategic Audit: A Checklist for Environmental Scanning4.6 Synthesis of External Factors—EFAS4.7 End of Chapter Summary5126127APPENDIX 4.A Competitive Analysis TechniquesCHAPTER133Internal Scanning: Organizational Analysis1365.1 A Resource-Based Approach to Organizational AnalysisCore and Distinctive Competencies138138Using Resources to Gain Competitive AdvantageDetermining the Sustainability of an Advantage5.2 Business Models1251391401425.3 Value-Chain Analysis143Strategy Highlight 5.1: A NEW BUSINESS MODEL AT SMARTYPIG 144Industry Value-Chain AnalysisCorporate Value-Chain Analysis1451465.4 Scanning Functional Resources and CapabilitiesBasic Organizational Structures147Corporate Culture: The Company Way149147xiii
xivCONTENTSGlobal Issue: MANAGING CORPORATE CULTURE FOR GLOBAL COMPETITIVEADVANTAGE: ABB VERSUS MATSUSHITA 150Strategic Marketing IssuesStrategic Financial Issues151153Strategic Research and Development (R&D) IssuesStrategic Operations Issues154156Strategic Human Resource (HRM) Issues158Environmental Sustainability Issue: USING ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR COMPETITIVEADVANTAGE AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE 161Strategic Information Systems/Technology Issues1625.5 The Strategic Audit: A Checklist for OrganizationalAnalysis 1635.6 Synthesis of Internal Factors5.7 End of Chapter Summary164165Ending Case for Part Two: BOEING BETS THE COMPANY 170PART THREECHAPTER6Strategy Formulation173Strategy Formulation: Situation Analysis and Business Strategy6.1 Situation Analysis: SWOT Analysis174176Generating a Strategic Factors Analysis Summary (SFAS)Matrix 176Finding a Propitious Niche177Global Issue: SAB DEFENDS ITS PROPITIOUS NICHE 1816.2 Review of Mission and Objectives1816.3 Generating Alternative Strategies by Using a TOWS Matrix6.4 Business Strategies182183Porter’s Competitive Strategies183Environmental Sustainability Issue: PATAGONIA USES SUSTAINABILITYAS DIFFERENTIATION COMPETITIVE STRATEGY 187Cooperative Strategies1956.5 End of Chapter SummaryCHAPTER7199Strategy Formulation: Corporate Strategy7.1 Corporate Strategy7.2 Directional StrategyGrowth Strategies204206206207Strategy Highlight 7.1: TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS ANALYZES VERTICALGROWTH STRATEGY210
CONTENTSGlobal Issue: COMPANIES LOOK TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETSFOR HORIZONTAL GROWTH212Strategy Highlight 7.2: SCREENING CRITERIA FOR CONCENTRICDIVERSIFICATION 215Controversies in Directional Growth Strategies216Stability Strategies 217Retrenchment Strategies7.3 Portfolio Analysis218220BCG Growth-Share Matrix221Environmental Sustainability Issue: GENERAL MOTORSAND THE ELECTRIC CARGE Business Screen222223Advantages and Limitations of Portfolio AnalysisManaging a Strategic Alliance Portfolio7.4 Corporate Parenting225226Developing a Corporate Parenting Strategy227Horizontal Strategy and Multipoint Competition7.5 End of Chapter SummaryCHAPTER8225228229Strategy Formulation: Functional Strategy and Strategic Choice8.1 Functional Strategy238Marketing Strategy238Financial Strategy236239Research and Development (R&D) StrategyOperations Strategy241242Global Issue: INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES ALTER WHIRLPOOL’SOPERATIONS STRATEGYPurchasing Strategy243244Environmental Sustainability Issue: OPERATIONS NEED FRESH WATERAND LOTS OF IT!Logistics Strategy245246Human Resource Management (HRM) StrategyInformation Technology Strategy2478.2 The Sourcing Decision: Location of Functions8.3 Strategies to Avoid2462472508.4 Strategic Choice: Selecting the Best StrategyConstructing Corporate ScenariosProcess of Strategic Choice257251251xv
xviCONTENTS8.5 Developing Policies2588.6 End of Chapter Summary 259Ending Case for Part Three: KMART AND SEARS: STILL STUCK IN THE MIDDLE? 266PART FOURCHAPTER9Strategy Implementation and Control 269Strategy Implementation: Organizing for Action2709.1 Strategy Implementation 2729.2 Who Implements Strategy?9.3 What Must Be Done?273273Developing Programs, Budgets, and Procedures274Environmental Sustainability Issue: FORD’S SOYBEAN SEAT FOAM PROGRAM 274Strategy Highlight 9.1: THE TOP TEN EXCUSES FOR BAD SERVICE 277Achieving Synergy2789.4 How Is Strategy to Be Implemented? Organizing for ActionStructure Follows Strategy279Stages of Corporate DevelopmentOrganizational Life Cycle280283Advanced Types of Organizational StructuresReengineering and Strategy ImplementationSix Sigma278285288289Designing Jobs to Implement Strategy290Strategy Highlight 9.2: DESIGNING JOBS WITH THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS MODEL 2919.5 International Issues in Strategy ImplementationInternational Strategic Alliances291292Stages of International Development293Global Issue: MULTIPLE HEADQUARTERS: A SIXTH STAGEOF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT?294Centralization Versus Decentralization2949.6 End of Chapter Summary 296CHAPTER10Strategy Implementation: Staffing and Directing10.1 Staffing300302Staffing Follows Strategy303Selection and Management Development305Strategy Highlight 10.1: HOW HEWLETT-PACKARD IDENTIFIES POTENTIAL EXECUTIVES 306Problems in Retrenchment308International Issues in Staffing309
CONTENTS10.2 Leading311Managing Corporate Culture311Environmental Sustainability Issue: ABBOTT LABORATORIES’ NEW PROCEDURESFOR GREENER COMPANY CARS312Action Planning 316Management by Objectives318Total Quality Management318International Considerations in Leading319Global Issue: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES CREATE IMPLEMENTATIONPROBLEMS IN MERGER32110.3 End of Chapter SummaryCHAPTER11Evaluation and Control32232811.1 Evaluation and Control in Strategic Management11.2 Measuring PerformanceAppropriate MeasuresTypes of Controls330332332332Activity-Based Costing334Enterprise Risk Management335Primary Measures of Corporate Performance335Environmental Sustainability Issue: HOW GLOBAL WARMING COULDAFFECT CORPORATE VALUATION340Primary Measures of Divisional and Functional PerformanceInternational Measurement Issues342344Global Issue: COUNTERFEIT GOODS AND PIRATED SOFTWARE:A GLOBAL PROBLEM 34611.3 Strategic Information Systems347Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)347Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)348Divisional and Functional IS Support34811.4 Problems in Measuring Performance348Short-Term OrientationGoal Displacement34935011.5 Guidelines for Proper Control351Strategy Highlight 11.1: SOME RULES OF THUMB IN STRATEGY 35111.6 Strategic Incentive Management11.7 End of Chapter Summary352354Ending Case for Part Four: HEWLETT-PACKARD BUYS EDS 360xvii
xviiiCONTENTSPART FIVECHAPTERIntroduction to Case Analysis12Suggestions for Case Analysis12.1 The Case Method36336436512.2 Researching the Case Situation36612.3 Financial Analysis: A Place to BeginAnalyzing Financial Statements366369Environmental Sustainability Issue: IMPACT OF CARBON TRADING 370Global Issue: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS:NOT ALWAYS WHAT THEY SEEM371Common-Size Statements 371Z-value and Index of Sustainable GrowthUseful Economic Measures37137212.4 Format for Case Analysis: The Strategic Audit12.5 End of Chapter Summary373375APPENDIX 12.A Resources for Case Research377APPENDIX 12.B Suggested Case Analysis Methodology Using the Strategic AuditAPPENDIX 12.C Example of a
PART ONE Introduction to Strategic Management and Business Policy 1 CHAPTER1 Basic Concepts of Strategic Management 2 1.1 The Study of Strategic Management 5 Phases of Strategic Management 5 Benefits of Strategic Management 6 1.2 Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management 7 Impact of Globalization 8
The Strategic Management Process 15 Developing a Strategic Vision: Stage 1 of the Strategic Management Process: 17 How a Strategic Vision Differs from a Mission Statement 19 The Importance of Communicating the Strategic Vision 22 The Benefits of an Effective Strategic Vision 22 Setting Objectives: Stage 2 of the Strategic Management Process 22 xxiv
1. 4 Tools for strategic analysis 1. 4a SWOT 1. 4b TOWS 1. 4c Hambrick Model: Strategy Diamond 1. 4d BCG matrix 1. 4e General Electrics Stoplight Matrix 1. 4f Balance score card . 3 Management Strategic Management Strategic Analysis 1. 5 Summary 1.2 Introduction Strategic Management is the process of strategic decision-making that sets the long .
Caterpillar Chair in Strategic Management University of Illinois Associate Editor, Strategic Management Journal “If you use the Capstone simulation this strategic management text must be used. No other strategic management text can drive the concepts of strategic management into a real world based simulation.” Peter Wright, Ph.D.
The field of strategic management within the evolving science of strategic organization. Strategic Organization. Porter, Michael E. (1991). "Towards a dynamic theory of strategy," Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, pp. 95-118. Session 2: Wednesday January 28 The Dependent Variable in Strategic Management: Measuring Performance
Explain the need for integrating analysis and intuition in strategic management. 1-4. Define and give examples of key terms in strategic management. 1-5. Describe the benefits of engaging in strategic management. 1-6. Explain why some firms do not engage in strategic planning. 1-7. Describe the pitfalls in doing strategic planning. 1-8.
7009V1 Strategic project management (ISBN: 0-85946-513-6) 7010V1 Implementing organisational change strategies (ISBN: 0-85946-518-7) 7012V1 Strategic human resource planning (ISBN: 0-85946-523-3) 7013V1/ 7014V1 Strategic leadership/Strategic leadership practice (ISBN: 0-85946-528-4) 7021V1 Introduction to strategic management and leadership
Sep 05, 2017 · STRATEGIC PLAN FORMAT 2017-2020 . The sample strategic planning format uses a one page Strategic Map format to identify areas of focus for the Plan. From the Strategic Map, a Strategic Plan is created to advance strategic priorities for the coming 1-3 years. The plan accomplishments a
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