VLT AutomationDrive FC 360
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLEDesign GuideVLT AutomationDrive FC 360www.danfoss.com/drives
ContentsDesign GuideContents1 Introduction51.1 How to Read This Design Guide51.1.1 Symbols51.1.2 Abbreviations51.2 Definitions61.2.1 Frequency Converter61.2.2 Input61.2.3 Motor61.2.4 References61.2.5 Miscellaneous71.3 Safety Precautions81.4 Disposal Instruction91.5 Document and Software Version91.6 Approvals and Certifications101.6.1 CE Mark101.6.2 Low Voltage Directive101.6.3 EMC Directive102 Product Overview112.1 Enclosure Size Overview112.2 Electrical Installation122.2.1 General Requirements142.2.2 Grounding Requirements142.2.3 Mains, Motor, and Ground Connections152.2.4 Control Wiring162.3 Control Structures182.3.1 Control Principle182.3.2 Control Modes182.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle192.3.4 Control Structure in VVC 2.3.5 Internal Current Control in20VVC Mode2.3.6 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control2.4 Reference Handling21222.4.1 Reference Limits232.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References242.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback242.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero262.5 PID Control292.5.1 Speed PID ControlMG06B40221Danfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.291
ContentsDesign Guide2.5.2 Process PID Control322.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters332.5.4 Example of Process PID Control342.5.5 Optimisation of the Process Regulator362.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method362.6 EMC Emission and Immunity2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission372.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements382.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements382.7 Galvanic Isolation402.8 Earth Leakage Current402.9 Brake Functions412.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake412.9.2 Dynamic Braking422.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection422.10 Smart Logic Controller442.11 Extreme Running Conditions443 Type Code and Selection463.1 Ordering463.2 Ordering Numbers: Options and Accessories473.3 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors483.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10%483.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40%494 Specifications504.1 Power-dependent Specifications504.2 General Specifications524.3 Fuses564.3.1 Introduction564.3.2 CE Compliance564.4 Efficiency574.5 Acoustic Noise574.6 dU/dt Conditions574.7 Special Conditions594.7.1 Manual Derating594.7.2 Automatic Derating595 RS485 Installation and Set-up5.1 Introduction60605.1.1 Overview237Danfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.60MG06B402
ContentsMG06B402Design Guide5.1.2 Network Connection615.1.3 Hardware Set-up615.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication615.1.5 EMC Precautions615.2 FC Protocol615.3 Network Configuration625.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure625.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)625.4.2 Telegram Structure625.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)625.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)635.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)635.4.6 The Data Field635.4.7 The PKE Field635.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)645.4.9 Index (IND)645.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)645.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter645.4.12 Conversion645.4.13 Process Words (PCD)655.5 Examples655.6 Modbus RTU665.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge665.6.2 Overview665.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU665.7 Network Configuration665.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure675.8.1 Introduction675.8.2 Modbus RTU Message Structure675.8.3 Start/Stop Field675.8.4 Address Field675.8.5 Function Field675.8.6 Data Field685.8.7 CRC Check Field685.8.8 Coil Register Addressing685.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter705.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU705.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes705.9 How to Access Parameters705.9.1 Parameter Handling70Danfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.3
ContentsDesign Guide5.9.2 Storage of Data5.10 Examples715.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex)715.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex)725.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex)725.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)725.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex)735.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)735.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile745.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol FC profile)745.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) (8-30 Protocol FC profile)755.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value776 Application Examples786.1 Introduction786.1.1 Encoder Connection816.1.2 Encoder Direction816.1.3 Closed Loop Drive System81Index47182Danfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.MG06B402
IntroductionDesign Guide1 11 Introduction1.1.2 Abbreviations1.1 How to Read This Design GuideThis design guide provides information on how to select,commission, and order a frequency converter. It providesinformation about mechanical and electrical installation.The design guide is intended for use by qualifiedpersonnel.Read and follow the design guide to use the frequencyconverter safely and professionally, and pay particularattention to the safety instructions and general warnings.VLT is a registered trademark. Alternating currentACAmerican wire gaugeAWGAmpere/AMPAAutomatic motor adaptationAMACurrent limitILIMDegrees Celsius CDirect currentDCDrive dependentD-TYPEElectromagnetic compatibilityEMCElectronic thermal relayETRGramgHertzHzVLT AutomationDrive FC 360 Quick Guide providesthe necessary information for getting thefrequency converter up and running.HorsepowerhpKilohertzkHzLocal control panelLCPVLT MetermMillihenry ion control toolMCTNanofaradnFNewton meterNmNominal motor currentIM,NNominal motor frequencyfM,NNominal motor powerPM,NAutomationDrive FC 360 Programming Guideprovides information on how to programme andincludes complete parameter descriptions.FC 360 technical literature is also available online atwww.danfoss.com/fc360.1.1.1 SymbolsThe following symbols are used in this document:WARNINGIndicates a potentially hazardous situation that couldresult in death or serious injury.CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation that couldresult in minor or moderate injury. It may also be usedto alert against unsafe practices.NOTICEIndicates important information, including situations thatmay result in damage to equipment or property.MG06B402Nominal motor voltageUM,NPermanent magnet motorPM motorProtective extra low voltagePELVPrinted circuit boardPCBRated inverter output currentIINVRevolutions per minuteRPMRegenerative terminalsRegenSecondsSynchronous motor speednsTorque limitTLIMVoltsVMaximum output currentIVLT,MAXRated output current supplied by thefrequency converterIVLT,NDanfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.5
1.2 DefinitionsnM,NRated motor speed (nameplate data).1.2.1 Frequency ConverterCoastThe motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.nsSynchronous motor speedns 2 par . 1 23 60 spar . 1 39IVLT, MAXMaximum output current.nslipMotor slip.IVLT,NRated output current supplied by the frequency converter.PM,NRated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).UVLT,MAXMaximum output voltage.TM,NRated torque (motor).1.2.2 InputUMInstantaneous motor voltage.Control commandsStart and stop the connected motor with LCP and digitalinputs.Functions are divided into 2 groups.UM,NRated motor voltage (nameplate data).Breakaway torqueTorquePull-outFunctions in group 1 have higher priority than functions ingroup 2.Group 1Reset, coasting stop, reset and coasting stop,quick-stop, DC braking, stop, and [OFF].Group 2Start, pulse start, reversing, start reversing, jog,and freeze output.175ZA078.101 1Design GuideIntroductionTable 1.1 Function Groups1.2.3 MotorMotor runningTorque generated on the output shaft and speed from0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.fJOGMotor frequency when the jog function is activated (viadigital terminals).fMMotor frequency.rpmIllustration 1.1 Breakaway TorqueηVLTThe efficiency of the frequency converter is defined as theratio between the power output and the power input.Start-disable commandA stop command belonging to the group 1 controlcommands. See chapter 1.2.2 Input for more details.fMAXMaximum motor frequency.fMINMinimum motor frequency.Stop commandA stop command belonging to the group 1 controlcommands. See chapter 1.2.2 Input for more details.fM,NRated motor frequency (nameplate data).1.2.4 ReferencesIMMotor current (actual).IM,NRated motor current (nameplate data).6Analog referenceA signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54, can bevoltage or current.Binary referenceA signal transmitted to the serial communication port.Danfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.MG06B402
IntroductionDesign GuidePreset referenceA defined preset reference to be set from -100% to 100%of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references viathe digital terminals.ETRElectronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation basedon present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate themotor temperature.Pulse referenceA pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs(terminal 29 or 33).FC standard busIncludes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See8-30 Protocol.RefMAXDetermines the relationship between the reference inputat 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and theresulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in3-03 Maximum Reference.InitialisingIf initialising is carried out (14-22 Operation Mode), thefrequency converter returns to the default setting.RefMINDetermines the relationship between the reference inputat 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resultingreference. The minimum reference value is set in3-02 Minimum Reference.1.2.5 MiscellaneousAnalog inputsThe analog inputs are used for controlling variousfunctions of the frequency converter.There are 2 types of analog inputs: Current input, 0–20 mA and 4–20 mAVoltage input, 0 to 10 V DCAnalog outputsThe analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA, 4–20mA.Automatic Motor Adaptation, AMAAMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters forthe connected motor at standstill.Brake resistorThe brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing thebrake power generated in regenerative braking. Thisregenerative braking power increases the intermediatecircuit voltage and a brake chopper ensures that thepower is transmitted to the brake resistor.CT characteristicsConstant torque characteristics used for all applicationssuch as conveyor belts, displacement pumps and cranes.Digital inputsThe digital inputs can be used for controlling variousfunctions of the frequency converter.Digital outputsThe frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs thatcan supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.DSPDigital signal processor.Intermittent duty cycleAn intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of dutycycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-loadperiod. The operation can be either periodic duty or nonperiodic duty.LCPThe local control panel makes up a complete interface forcontrol and programming of the frequency converter. Thecontrol panel is detachable and can be installed up to 3 mfrom the frequency converter, i.e. in a front panel with theinstallation kit option.NLCPThe numerical local control panel interface for control andprogramming of the frequency converter. The display isnumerical and the panel is used to display process values.The NLCP has storing and copy functions.lsbLeast significant bit.msbMost significant bit.MCMShort for Mille Circular Mil, an American measuring unit forcable cross-section. 1 MCM 0.5067 mm2.On-line/Off-line parametersChanges to on-line parameters are activated immediatelyafter the data value is changed. Press [OK] to activatechanges to off-line parameters.Process PIDThe PID control maintains the desired speed, pressure,temperature, etc. by adjusting the output frequency tomatch the varying load.PCDProcess control dataPower cycleSwitch off the mains until display (LCP) is dark, then turnpower on again.Power factorThe power factor is the relation between I1 and IRMS.Power factor 3 x U x I 1 cos ϕ13 x U x IRMSFor FC 360 frequency converters, cosϕ1 1, therefore:Power factor MG06B402I1I1 x cos ϕ1 IRMSIRMSDanfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.71 1
1 1IntroductionDesign GuideThe power factor indicates to which extent the frequencyconverter imposes a load on the mains supply.The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for thesame kW performance.222IRMS I21 I 5 I 7 . I nIn addition, a high power factor indicates that the differentharmonic currents are low.The built-in DC coils produce a high power factorminimising the imposed load on the mains supply.Pulse input/incremental encoderAn external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding backinformation on motor speed. The encoder is used inapplications where great accuracy in speed control isrequired.RCDResidual current device.Set-upSave parameter settings in 2 set-ups. Change between the2 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while another set-upis active.SFAVMAcronym describing the switching pattern Stator Fluxoriented Asynchronous Vector Modulation.Slip compensationThe frequency converter compensates for the motor slipby giving the frequency a supplement that follows themeasured motor load keeping the motor speed almostconstant.Smart Logic Control (SLC)The SLC is a sequence of user-defined actions executedwhen the associated user-defined events are evaluated astrue by the smart logic controller (parameter group 13-**Smart Logic Control).STWStatus word.THDTotal harmonic distortion states the total contribution ofharmonic distortion.ThermistorA temperature-dependent resistor placed where thetemperature is to be monitored (frequency converter ormotor).TripA state entered in fault situations, e.g. if the frequencyconverter is subject to an overtemperature or when it isprotecting the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart isprevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared, andthe trip state is cancelled by activating reset or, in somecases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do notuse trip for personal safety.8Trip lockedA state entered in fault situations when the frequencyconverter is protecting itself and requiring physicalintervention, e.g. if the frequency converter is subject to ashort circuit on the output. A locked trip can only becancelled by cutting off mains, removing the cause of thefault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart isprevented until the trip state is cancelled by activatingreset or, in some cases, by being programmed to resetautomatically. Do not use trip locked for personal safety.VT characteristicsVariable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.VVC If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control,Voltage Vector Control (VVC ) improves the dynamics andstability, both when the speed reference is changed and inrelation to the load torque.60 AVMRefers to the switching pattern 60 Asynchronous VectorModulation.1.3 Safety PrecautionsWARNINGThe voltage of the frequency converter is dangerouswhenever connected to mains. Incorrect installation ofthe motor, frequency converter or fieldbus may causedeath, serious personal injury or damage to theequipment. Consequently, the instructions in thismanual, as well as national and local rules and safetyregulations, must be complied with.Safety Regulations1.Always disconnect mains supply to the frequencyconverter before carrying out repair work. Checkthat the mains supply has been disconnected andobserve the discharge time stated in Table 1.2before removing motor and mains supply.2.[Off/Reset] on the LCP does not disconnect themains supply and must not be used as a safetyswitch.3.Ground the equipment properly, protect the useragainst supply voltage, and protect the motoragainst overload in accordance with applicablenational and local regulations.4.Protection against motor overload is not includedin the factory setting. If this function is desired,set 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [4] ETR trip 1or [3] ETR warning 1.5.The frequency converter has more voltagesources than L1, L2 and L3, when load sharing(linking of DC intermediate circuit). Check that allvoltage sources have been disconnected and thatDanfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.MG06B402
IntroductionDesign GuideWarning against unintended start1.The motor can be stopped with digitalcommands, bus commands, references or a localstop, while the frequency converter is connectedto mains. If personal safety considerations (e.g.risk of personal injury caused by contact withmoving parts following an unintentional start)make it necessary to ensure that no unintendedstart occurs, these stop functions are notsufficient. In such cases, disconnect the mainssupply.2.3.4.The motor may start while setting theparameters. If this means that personal safetymay be compromised, motor starting must beprevented, for instance by secure disconnectionof the motor connection.A motor that has been stopped with the mainssupply connected, may start if faults occur in theelectronics of the frequency converter, throughtemporary overload or if a fault in the powersupply grid or motor connection is remedied. Ifunintended start must be prevented for personalsafety reasons, the normal stop functions of thefrequency converter are not sufficient. In suchcases, disconnect the mains supply.In rare cases, control signals from, or internallywithin, the frequency converter may be activatedin error, be delayed, or fail to occur entirely.When used in situations where safety is critical,e.g. when controlling the electromagnetic brakefunction of a hoist application, do not rely onthese control signals exclusively.Hazardous situations shall be identified by the machinebuilder/integrator responsible for considering necessarypreventive means. Additional monitoring and protectivedevices may be included, always according to validnational safety regulations, such as laws on mechanicaltools and regulations for the prevention of accidents.WARNINGDISCHARGE TIMEThe frequency converter contains DC-link capacitors,which can remain charged even when the frequencyconverter is not powered. Failure to wait the specifiedtime after power has been removed before performingservice or repair work, could result in death or seriousinjury.1.Stop the motor.2.Disconnect AC mains, permanent magnet typemotors, and remote DC-link power supplies,including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-linkconnections to other frequency converters.3.Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully, beforeperforming any service or repair work. Theduration of waiting time is specified inTable 1.2.Minimum waiting time (minutes)Voltage [V]380–4804150.37–7.5 kW11–75 kWHigh voltage may be present even when the warning LEDs areoff.Table 1.2 Discharge TimeWARNING1.4 Disposal InstructionHigh VoltageTouching the electrical parts may be fatal–even after theequipment has been disconnected from mains.Make sure that all voltage inputs have been disconnected, including load sharing (linkage of DCintermediate circuit), as well as motor connection forkinetic back up.Systems where frequency converters are installed must,if necessary, be equipped with additional monitoringand protective devices according to valid safetyregulations, such as laws on mechanical tools,regulations for the prevention of accidents, etc. Modifications to the frequency converters via the operatingsoftware are allowed.MG06B4021 1NOTICEthe necessary time has elapsed beforecommencing repair work.Equipment containing electricalcomponents may not be disposed oftogether with domestic waste.It must be collected separately withelectrical and electronic waste accordingto local and currently valid legislation.1.5 Document and Software VersionThis manual is regularly reviewed and updated. Allsuggestions for improvement are welcome.EditionRemarksSoftware versionMG06B4xxReplaces MG06B3xx1.4xDanfoss A/S 09/2014 All rights reserved.9
1 1IntroductionDesign Guide1.6 Approvals and Certifications1.6.3 EMC DirectiveFrequency converters are designed in compliance with thedirectives described in this section.Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment doesnot hinder their performance. The basic protectionrequireme
2.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle 19 2.3.4 Control Structure in VVC 20 2.3.5 Internal Current Control in VVC Mode 21 2.3.6 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control 21 2.4 Reference Handling 22 2.4.1 Reference Limits 23 2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References 24 2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback 24 2.4.4 .
Chapter 14 contains the VLT parameters specific to the Profibus. Warning and alarm messages and display readings specific to the Profibus are described in chap-ter 15. A parameter listing as an overview of all VLT 5000/ VLT 5000 Flux/VLT 6000 HVAC/VLT 8000 AQUA parameters can be found in chapter 16. In chapter 17 you will find the abbreviations .
3.1.2 Drive Configurator 47 3.2 Options and Accessories 47 3.3 Brake Resistors 47 3.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10% 48 3.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40% 49 4 Specifications 50 . VLT AutomationDrive FC 360 Quick Guide provides the necessary information for getting the drive
VETERINARY LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY PLOT B, BIDA ROAD, P M B 2239, KADUNA, NIGERIA 2018 . . VLT 416 Applied Physiology 2 2 4 60 VLT 417 Pharmacology (Neuro) 1 1 2 30 VLT 418 Research Methodology 2 0 2 30 . VLT 417 Bacteriology 2 3 5 75 VLT 418 Research Methodology 2 0 2 30 EED 413 Entrepreneurship Development 2 2 4 60 .
3.5.21 Access to Control Terminals 72 3.5.22 Electrical Installation, Control Terminals 72 3.5.23 Electrical Installation, Control Cables 73 3.5.24 Switches S201, S202, and S801 75 3.6 Connection Examples 76 3.6.1 Start/Stop 76 3.6.2 Pulse Start/Stop 76 3.7 Final Set-Up and Test 77 Contents VLT Automation Drive FC 300 Operating Instructions
FC 360 Start Coast inverse Setup select 4-20 mA Description For applications where the speed reference can be switched between local potentiometer and remote current signal Parameter settings Setup 1 Setup 2 0-10 (Active Set-up) [9] Multi Set-up [9] Multi Set-up 0-12 (Link Set-up) [20] Linked [20] Linked
Cygnos 360 Manual 3 Installation 3 Installation 3.1 Installing Cygnos 360 Installation of Cygnos 360 is a quick and easy task. Cygnos 360 is installed to the underside of the Xbox 360 motherboard. The exact location is shown in gure 3.1. Figure 3.1:A picture of the underside of an Xbox 360 mother-board. The location where Cygnos 360 is to be in-
- Instruction Manual VLT HVAC Drive LonWorks, MG.11.Ex.yy - Instruction Manual VLT HVAC Drive Metasys, MG.11.Gx.yy - Instruction Manual VLT HVAC Drive FLN, MG.11.Zx.yy - Output Filter Design Guide, MG.90.Nx.yy - Brake Resistor Design Guide, MG.90.Ox.yy x Revision number yy Language code Danfoss technical literature is available in print .
graduation, positioning them for college and careers. The grade level ELA standards begin in the Prekindergarten and Elementary ELA Standards section. Please see the introduction for more about how the anchor standards and grade level standards connect. New York State Education Department ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS LEARNING STANDARDS (2017) 4 NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Reading Anchor .
