Status Of Offshore Wind Energy Development In Germany
Status of Offshore Wind EnergyDevelopment in GermanyYear 2020On behalf of
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020ContentsOffshore Wind Energy Development . 3Expansion Targets Offshore Wind Energy . 4Activities in Offshore Wind Energy Projects . 5Distribution across Federal States and North and Baltic Seas . 6Turbine Configuration . 7Water Depth and Distance to Shore . 8Offshore Tenders from 2021 onwards . 9Overview of Grid Connection Capacities .10Monthly Power Production and Market Values .11NotesThe data was obtained through surveys with industry representatives as well as through additionalresearch (e.g. BNetzA and BSH). Retroactive adjustments to the data are done based on correctednotifications if required.The installed capacity of offshore wind energy projects is not always equal to the grid connection capacity.Future offshore wind energy projects are assigned with their total capacity to the respective expected finalyear of commissioning.The information provided within the text and figures partially includes rounded values. Thus, when added,there is a possibility of deviations from the overall values.Photo on Title PageOffshore converter station BorWin gamma (BorWin3) Siemens/TenneTContactDeutsche WindGuard GmbHOldenburger Straße 6526316 Varel, GermanyPhone 49-4451 9515 0Fax 49-4451 9515 m/
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Offshore Wind Energy Developmentstarting in 2021 and are scheduled to becommissioned in 2026 and onward.Status of the Offshore Wind Energy DevelopmentOWT (feeding in)219 MW32 OWTCapacityModifications ofexisting OWT26 MW79 OWT0 MW0 OWTInstalled OWT(no feed-in)Foundations w/oOWTOWT (feeding in)Cumulative2020-12-31NumberNo Foundations7,770 MW1,501 OWT0 MW0 OWTInstalled OWT(no feed-in)Foundations w/oOWTCumulative CapacityAnnual AdditionsAnnual Capacity ModificationAnnual DismantlingExpected AdditionsExpected Cumulative CapacityNo Foundations20 GW5,000 MW18 GW4,500 MW16 GW4,000 MW14 GW3,500 MW12 GW3,000 MW10 GW2,500 MW8 GW2,000 MW6 GW1,500 MW4 GW1,000 MW2 GW500 MW0 GW0 MW-2 GW-500 MW(Expected) Capacity Addition and DismantlingAdditionsYear 20262027202820292030(Expected) Cumulative CapacityAt the end of 2020, 1,501 offshore wind turbines(OWT) with a capacity of 7,770 MW were inoperation. In a European comparison, this putsGermany in second place behind the UnitedKingdom.The current expansion stage was completed withthe commissioning of 32 OWT with 219 MWduring 2020. The only other development of theyear 2020 was power upgrades to a number ofexisting turbines.There are no new offshore wind energy projects(OWP) under construction, thus no capacityadditions are expected for the upcoming year2021. From 2022, the OWP awarded in the2017/2018 tender rounds are to be commissioned.These OWP will successively increase thecumulative capacity to 10.8 GW by 2025.In order to achieve the new expansion target of20 GW in 2030, which was raised at the end of2020, project areas will be put out to tender(Expected) Year of Commissioning(Expected) Development of the Offshore Wind Energy in Germany (Database: own surveys, MaStR, FEP 2020)3
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Expansion Targets Offshore Wind EnergyThe amendment to the Offshore Wind Energy Act(German:Windenergie-auf-See-GesetzorWindSeeG) that came into effect on December 10,2020, set new expansion targets for offshore windenergy in Germany. The previous expansion targetwas increased from 15 GW to 20 GW of installedcapacity by 2030 and supplemented by a target of40 GW of installed capacity by 2040.In addition, in November 2020, the EuropeanCommission proposed in its EU Strategy forOffshore Renewable Energy to expand Europe'soffshore wind energy capacity to at least 60 GWby 2030 and 300 GW by 2050.At the end of 2020, turbines with a cumulativecapacity of nearly 7.8 GW were feeding into theGerman grid. Together with the turbines that wereawarded in the two tender rounds 2017/2018 andwhose implementation is currently beingprepared, the installed capacity is expected toincrease to a total of 10.8 GW by 2025. Over thecourse of 2020, a final investment decision wasmade for the OWP Kaskasi that, including somepilot turbines, has a capacity of 342 MW. For theremaining 2.8 GW of awarded capacity a finalinvestment decision had not been made by theend of 2020.To achieve the new expansion target of 20 GW by2030, in the tenders from 2021 a volume of 9.2 GWmust be tendered, awarded and realized. Theproject areas specified for this purpose in the 2020Site Development Plan (German: Flächenentwicklungsplan or FEP) are more than sufficient. For therealization of 40 GW by 2040, an additional 20 GWis required. Priority and reservation areas havealready been defined for the German ExclusiveEconomic Zone (EEZ; German: AusschließlicheWirtschaftszone or AWZ) in the draft of themaritime spatial plan of the Federal Maritime andHydrographic Agency (German: Bundesamt fürSeeschifffahrt und Hydrographie or BSH).7.8 GW2.8 GW20250.3 GW9.2 GW20307.8 GW204020 GW10.8 GW7.8 GW0.3 GW2.8 GW40 GW0.3 GW29.2 GW2.8 GWIn OperationFinal Investment DecisionAwarded Projects in Transitional TendersUpcoming TendersDevelopment Status of Offshore Capacity with expected Commissioning by 2025, 2030 and 20404
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Activities in Offshore Wind Energy ProjectsOver the course of 2020, two offshore wind energypower projects (OWP) in Germany werecommissioned. Furthermore, all turbines in theOWP EnBW Hohe See and several turbines in theWikinger project received a capacity upgrade in2020.With the commissioning of the OWP EnBWAlbatros at the beginning of 2020 and the OWPTrianel Windpark Borkum II midyear, the lastturbines of the old system (until EEG 2014) havebeen connected to the grid. A total of 27 projectsin the North Sea and Baltic Sea are in operation asof December 31, 2020. The expansion phase of theprojects that were implemented before theintroduction of the tender system has thus beencompleted.The next OWP to be implemented in Germany arethe projects that were awarded in the transitionaltenders rounds of 2017/2018. Seven projects arescheduled to be commissioned successively from2022 to 2025. An investment decision has alreadybeen made for the OWP Kaskasi, which is the firstproject to be commissioned. Planning and preparations are underway for the remaining OWP.Overview of awarded projects (tenders ioning [MW]**FID2022342Wikinger SüdAwarded202310Arcadis Ost 1Awarded2023247Baltic EagleAwarded2024476.25Gode Wind 3Awarded2024241.75BorkumRiffgrund 3Awarded2025900EnBW He DreihtAwarded2025900* incl. pilot OWT** grid connection capacityOverview Map of Offshore Wind Energy in Germany ( German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation)5
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Distribution across Federal States and North and Baltic SeasThe capacity installed in the North and Baltic Seasat the end of 2020 can be allocated to the federalstates of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein andMecklenburg-Western Pomerania on the basis ofthe location of the respective grid connectionpoint. Of the 6.7 GW of installed capacity in theNorth Sea, 4.9 GW is located in Lower Saxony,while Schleswig-Holstein accounts for theremaining 1.8 GW. The 1.1 GW of installedcapacity in the Baltic Sea is entirely allocated toMecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In all threeGerman states, the share of turbines installed inthe territorial waters is significantly lower than theshare of turbines installed in the German ExclusiveEconomic Zone (EEZ; German: AusschließlicheWirtschaftszone or AWZ).The capacity awarded in the 2017/2018 tenderrounds is mainly located in the North Sea (2.4 GW)and only 0.7 GW are located in the Baltic Sea. Thecapacities to be tendered from 2021 with a totalof almost 9.7 GW are also mainly located in theNorth Sea (9.4 GW). There is only one area with acapacity of 0.3 GW in the Baltic Sea.4,906MWLower merania1,072MWCumulative CapacityEEZTerritoral WatersDistribution of Cumulative Capacity of OWT (feedingin) across the Federal States and Maritime AreasDistribution across the North and Baltic SeasNorth SeaCapacityAdditionsYear 2020OWT (feeding in)Capacity Modifications of existing OWTInstalled OWT (no ed OWT (no feed-in)NumberCapacityNumber219 MW32 OWT0 MW0 OWT25 MW71 OWT1 MW8 OWT0 MW0 OWT0 MW0 OWTNo FoundationsFoundations w/o OWTOWT (feeding in)Baltic SeaNo Foundations6,698 MW1,269 OWT1,072 MW232 OWT0 MW0 OWT0 MW0 OWTNo FoundationsFoundations w/o OWTNo FoundationsAwarded in 2017/2018*(Commissioning until 2025)2,384 MW733 MWTenders in 2021-2025(Commissioning until 2030)9,388 MW300 MW* incl. pilot OWT6
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Turbine Configurationrespectively, in the upcoming projects until 2025.However, due to the expected increases innameplate capacity, the specific power will remainat levels comparable to that of previous years.Average Turbine Configuration of OWT Feeding intothe GridAverageConfigurationAdditionsYear 2020Cumulative2020-12-31Nameplate Capacity(incl. upgrades)6,840 kW5,177 kWRotor Diameter153 m133 mHub Height105 m95 m372 W/m²371 W/m²Specific 003005,0002504,0002003,0001502,0001001,00050Ø Rotor Diameter / Hub Height in mØ Specific Power in W/m²Ø Nameplate Capacity in kWIn 2020, two different types of turbines werecommissioned. Their average configurationchanged only slightly compared to the previousyear. The turbines commissioned in 2020 have anaverage turbine capacity of 6.84 MW, a rotordiameter of 153 m and a hub height of 105 m. Theratio of turbine capacity to rotor area results in theso-called specific power of 372 W/m² on average.The development of the turbine configurationover time is subject to project-related leaps.Nevertheless, a trend towards increasing turbinecapacity can be observed, which will be continuedin the projects of the next expansion phase(commissioning until 2025) with planned turbinecapacities of up to 11 MW. According to currentplans, rotor diameter and hub height are alsobeing increased up to 200 m and 125 m,002009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025(Expected) Year of CommisioningNameplate Capacity (incl. upgrades)Expected Nameplate CapacityRotor DiameterExpected Rotor DiameterHub HeightExpected Hub HeightSpecific PowerExpected Specific Power(Expected) Turbine Configuration over Course of Time7
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Water Depth and Distance to ShoreFrom nearshore turbines in shallow water right offthe coast to those in the EEZ that are installed inwater depths of up to 44 m and distances of over120 km from the coast, turbines are subject todifferent conditions. Across the total portfolio ofOWT the average water depth is 30 m, and theaverage distance to shore is 74 km.On average, OWT commissioned in 2020 wereinstalled in water depths of 34 m and at 89 km toshore. The turbines that will be realized in theupcoming years are also spread over a wide rangeof different water depths and distances fromshore.The decision for a certain type of foundation is notonly based on water depth, but also on otherfactors such as soil properties. Monopiles are byfar the most frequently used foundation type inGermany. All OWT commissioned in 2020 usedmonopiles, and monopiles are also planned forthe projects in the transitional system. Themonopiles are continuously being developedfurther and upcoming installations can be used totest new installation methods (e.g. vibrationmethod) and innovative structural designs (e.g.collared monopiles or self-expanding pileshoes).Further planned pilot installations with other newfoundation types (mono bucket or floatingfoundation) could not successfully be realized inGermany so far.Average Location of OWT Feeding into the GridAverage LocationAdditionsYear 2020Cumulative2020-12-31Water Depth34 m30 mDistance to Shore89 m74 m60 mBubble Area Installed Capacity50 mWater Depth40 m30 m20 m10 m0m0 km20 km40 km60 km80 km100 km120 kmDistance to ShoreExisting ProjectsProjects in Development in 2020Awarded ProjectsWater Depth and Distance to Shore of Existing Projects, Projects in Development and Awarded Projects8140 km
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Offshore Tenders from 2021 onwardsAfter the transitional phase (tenders of2017/2018), the tenders will henceforth take placein the so-called central model. The amendment tothe Offshore Wind Energy Act de for annual tender rounds on September 1,starting in 2021. The Federal Maritime andHydrographic Agency (German: Bundesamt fürSeeschifffahrt und Hydrographie or BSH) definesthe areas to be put out to tender and theirrespective tender dates in the Site DevelopmentPlan (German: Flächenentwicklungsplan or FEP)and carries out the preliminary investigation ofthese areas.In the tenders, the award for the construction ofan offshore wind energy project on a preinvestigated area is awarded to the bidder with thelowest bid value. If several bidders submit zerocent bids for the same area, the amendedWindSeeG provides for a lottery procedure for theaward. This means that the second biddingcomponent, which was still provided for in thedraft law for these situations with several zerocent bids, is no longer included. The lotteryprocedure is to be reviewed in 2022 to determinewhether any adjustments are required.In 2019, the BSH has already defined areas in theFEP for tenders starting in 2021. To meet theincrease in the offshore target to 20 GW by 2030,the BSH has made adjustments to the FEP 2020.Furthermore, the FEP 2020 defines two areas forpossible alternative energy generation at seawithout grid connection, for which tenders are tobe issued according to an ordinance authorizationin the WindSeeG. In addition, the FEP 2020presents further possible areas for long-termdevelopment after 2030, the development ofwhich should enable to achieve the target ofaround 30 GW by 2035 (according to the 20212035 scenario framework).Envisioned Offshore Areas for Tender from 2021 onwards (Database: FEP apacityLocationSize of AreaExpected GridConnectionN-3.720212026225 MWNorth Seaca. 17 km²NOR-3-3N-3.820212026433 MWNorth Seaca. 23 km²NOR-3-3O-1.320212026300 MWBaltic Seaca. 25 km²OST-1-4N-7.220222027930 MWNorth Seaca. 58 km²NOR-7-2N-3.520232028420 MWNorth Seaca. 29 km²NOR-3-2N-3.620232028480 MWNorth Seaca. 33 km²NOR-3-2N-6.620242029630 MWNorth Seaca. 16 km²NOR-6-3N-6.720242029270 MWNorth Seaca. 45 km²NOR-6-3N-9.1202420291,000 MWNorth Seaca. 100 km²NOR-9-1N-9.2202420291,000 MWNorth Seaca. 104 km²NOR-9-1N-10.1202520301,000 MWNorth Seaca. 95 km²NOR-10-1N-10.2202520301,000 MWNorth Seaca. 93 km²NOR-10-1N-9.3202520301,000 MWNorth Seaca. 105 km²NOR-9-2N-9.4202520301,000 MWNorth Seaca. 99 km²NOR-9-2SEN-1not definedNorth Seaca. 28 km²noneSEO-1not definedBaltic Seaca. 8 km²noneN-11.1/N-11.2*after 2025after 20302,000 MWNorth SeaNOR-11-1N-12.1/N-12.2*after 2025after 20302,000 MWNorth SeaNOR-12-1N-12.3/N-12.4*after 2025after 20302,000 MWNorth SeaNOR-12-2N-13.1/N-13.2*after 2025after 20302,000 MWNorth SeaNOR-13-1ggf. N-11.3/N-12.5/N-13.3*after 2025after 2030ggf. 2,000 MWNorth Seaggf. NOR-11-2* only presented as possible areas in the FEP 2020 for information purposes9
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020Overview of Grid Connection CapacitiesAs of December 31, 2020, a total offshore gridconnection capacity of 8.2 GW was in operation inGermany. The majority of this capacity is alreadybeing used by the existing offshore wind energyprojects feeding into the grid. Additional capacitythat needs to be built to meet the 2030 target hasalready been confirmed in the 2030 Grid Development Plan (German: Netzentwicklungsplan orNEP) or identified in the 2020 Site DevelopmentPlan (German: Flächenentwicklungsplan or FEP).Installed and Planned Grid Connections (to Converter Station or Bundling Point) in the North and Baltic Seas(Database: FEP 2020, NEP 2030 Version 2019 Confirmation, TSO, additional research)Status(Expect.)CommissioningNOR-2-1 (Alpha Ventus)In Operation200962 MWalpha ventusNOR-6-1 (BorWin1)In Operation2010400 MWBARD Offshore 1NOR-0-1 (Riffgat)In Operation2014113 MWRiffgatNOR-2-2 (DolWin1)In Operation2015800 MWNOR-4-1 (HelWin1)In Operation2015576 MWBorkum Riffgrund 1, Trianel WindparkBorkum, Trianel Windpark Borkum IIMeerwind Süd Ost, Nordsee OstNOR-4-2 (HelWin2)In Operation2015690 MWAmrumbank West, Kaskasi incl. Pilot OWTNOR-5-1 (SylWin1)In Operation2015864 MWButendiek, DanTysk, SandbankNOR-6-2 (BorWin2)In Operation2015800 MWDeutsche Bucht, EnBW Albatros, Veja MateNOR-3-1 (DolWin2)In Operation2016916 MWGode Wind 1, Gode Wind 2, Nordsee OneNOR-0-2 (Nordergründe)In Operation2017111 MWNordergründeNOR-2-3 (DolWin3)In Operation2018900 MWBorkum Riffgrund 2, Merkur OffshoreNOR-8-1 (BorWin3)In Operation2019900 MWEnBW Hohe See, Global Tech INOR-3-3 (DolWin6)Under Construction2023900 MWGode Wind 3, N-3.7, N-3.8NOR-1-1 (DolWin5)Under Construction2024900 MWBorkum Riffgrund 3NOR-7-1 (BorWin5)Under Construction2025900 MWEnBW He DreihtNOR-7-2 (BorWin6)Procurement Procedure2027930 MWN-7.2NOR-3-2 (DolWin4)Permitting Procedure2028900 MWN-3.5, N-3.6NOR-6-3 (BorWin4)Permitting Procedure2029900 MWN-6.6, N-6.7NOR-9-1 (BalWin1)Preparation of the Permitting Procedures20292,000 MWN-9.1, N-9.2NOR-10-1 (BalWin2)Conditionally confirmed in NEP, adjusted in FEP2020Not confirmed in NEP, identified in FEP 202020302,000 MWN-10.1, N-10.220302,000 MWN-9.3, N-9.4Conditionally confirmed in NEP, presented forinformation purposes in FEP 2020Conditionally confirmed in NEP, presented forinformation purposes in FEP 2020Conditionally confirmed in NEP, adjusted andpresented for information purposes in FEP 2020Not confirmed in NEP, presented forinformation purposes in FEP 2020Conditionally confirmed in NEP, presented forinformation purposes in FEP 2020after 20302,000 MWN-11.1, N-11.2*after 2030ggf. 2,000 MWafter 20302,000 MWN-12.1, N-12.2*after 20302,000 MWN-12.3, N-12.4*after 20302,000 MWN-13.1/N-13.2*OST-3-1 (Baltic 1)In Operation201151 MWEnBW Baltic1, GICON-SOFOST-3-2 (Baltic 2)In Operation2015288 MWEnBW Baltic 2OST-1-1 (Ostwind 1)In Operation2018250 MWWikingerOST-1-2 (Ostwind 1)In Operation2019250 MWArkonaOST-1-3 (Ostwind 1)In Operation2019250 MWArkona, Wikinger, Wikinger SüdOST-2-1 (Ostwind 2)Pa
Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2020 5 Activities in Offshore Wind Energy Projects Over the course of 2020, two offshore wind energy power projects (OWP) in Germany were commissioned. Furthermore, all turbines in the OWP EnBW Hohe See and several turbin
An Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap3; Wind Farm Site Decisions and permits issued under the Offshore Wind Energy Act; If necessary, subsidies under the Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production Decision; and A Development Framework for the development of offshore wind energy, and that of the offshore grid in particular.
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Offshore wind farms — the verge of energy revolution 6 Electricity from offshore wind farms enjoys public confidence 8 Domestic electricity production in 2018 10 Wind farms — another milestone of the Polish maritime sector 13 Offshore wind — development and construction 14 Offshore wind — electricity production 16
offshore wind capacity by June 2027 and 3,200 MW by 2035.8 Similarly, Maryland's Offshore Wind Energy Act of 2013 calls for 480 MW of offshore wind capacity to be developed. 9 Proponents of offshore wind energy tout its clean energy bona fides and rapidly decreasing costs (as evidenced by
Offshore wind farm status GW 10.4 7.7 2.6 2.3 1.7 0.3 25.0 % 42% 31% 10% 9% 7% 1% 100% UK Germany Netherlands Belgium Denmark Rest of Europe Total Turbines 2,292 1,501 537 399 559 112 5,400 Triton Knoll west offshore substation and jackup vessel Neptune 04 Offshore wind operational report 2020 05 Offshore wind operational report 2020 Offshore .
Maryland Offshore Wind Energy Act of 2013 Created a "carve-out" for offshore wind within Maryland's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) that is equal to 2.5 percent of all electricity sales within Maryland. Created a financial support mechanism for "Qualified Offshore Wind Projects" via Offshore Wind Renewable Energy Credits (ORECs).
The socio-economic impact of offshore wind energy in Greece 1. Introduction The offshore wind industry in Europe has been up-and-coming and is expected to grow more in the following decade. Although Greece has yet to exploit its sizeable offshore wind potential, floating offshore wind projects could be developed in Greek waters soon. Alma
Solutions: AMC Prep for ACHS: Counting and Probability ACHS Math Competition Team 5 Jan 2009. Problem 1 What is the probability that a randomly drawn positive factor of 60 is less than 7? Problem 1 What is the probability that a randomly drawn positive factor of 60 is less than 7? The factors of 60 are 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30, and 60. Six of the twelve factors are less than 7, so the .
