NOT MEASUREMENT DOE-STD-1021-93 July 1993 Change #1

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ANOT MEASUREMENTDOE STANDARDDOE-STD-1021-93July 1 9 9 3Change Notice #1January 1 9 9 6NATURAL PHENOMENA HAZARDSPERF0RMANCE CATEGORIZATIONGUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS,AND COMPONENTSU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, D.C. 20585AREA FACRDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This documenthas been reproduced directly h m thebest availablecopy.Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of ScientificandTechnical Information, P.O.Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; (423) 576-8401.Available to the public limn theU.S.Department of Commerce,TechnologyAm'on,NationalTechnical Information Service, Springfield,VA 22161;(703)4874%.

DOE-STD-1021-93This page is intentionally blanki

DOE-STD-1021-93TABLE OF CONTENTSForeword1.0 INTRODUCIION1.1 Purpose1.2 scope1.3 Background1.4 Terminology1.5 Organkalion of the Document1-11-11-11-11-31-32.0 GUTDELlNES FOR SELECTING PERFORMANCECATEGORY2.1 General2.2 Datasources2.3 Safety Classification of Structures, Systems and Components2.4 Basic Cakgorizalion Criteria2.5 System Interaction Effects2-12-12-22-22-32-63.0 RECOMhENDED APP CATIONPROCEDURES3.1 GeneralNotes3.2 Procedural Steps3.3 Facility NPH Performance Categorization and coordinationEngineer3.4 Review of System Safety Classification and Accident Analyses Data3.5 Determination of Prelimimy Performance Category Componentsfor NPH-Related Safety System3.6 Determination of Preliminary P&omance Categoryfor Non-Safety Components3.7 Assessment of System-Interaction Related Target Failure Probability.3.8 Application of System Interaction Rules3.9 Examples of CategorizationUsing System Interaction Rules3.10 Preparation of Final NPH Performance Category List3-13-13-23-23-33-64.0 REFERENCESii3-93-113-123-143-164-1

DOE-STD-I 021-93FOREWORDChange Notice #1 has been included in this standard to provide information to help meet therequirements in DOE Order 420.1 and its associated Implementation Guides, correct errors in theprevious standard, and update this standard to the most current references.This DOE standard is approved for use by all departments and contractors of the Department ofill still apply when DOE Order 420.1 is converted to a rule. InEnergy (DOE). This standard waddition, this Standard will still apply when other referenced Orders such as 5480.23 (the S A ROrder), 5480.22 (the TSR Order), etc. are converted to rules.This standard provides guidelines to be used for Natural Phenomena Hazard CNPH)performancecategorization of structures, systems, and components (SSCs), and recommends systematicprocedures to implement these guidelines. It applies to all Department of Energy (DOE)facilities that are covered by DOE Order 420.1. DOE Order 5480.23 requires the use of a“graded approach” in performing safety analysis and evaluation of DOE facilities for normaloperating and accident conditions, including accidents caused by NPH events. The NPHImplementation Guide (IG) to DOE Order 420.1 uses this “graded approach” and requires, forthe purpose of NPH design and evaluation, placing the SSCs comprising the DOE facilities intofive NPH performance categories.NPH performance categorization guidelines provided in this technical standard are based on thesystem safety classification and hazard categorizatiodclassificationdata obtained from theapplication of DOE 5480.23, DOE-STD-3009-94, and DOE-STD-1027-92.There is an established hierarchy in the set of documents that specify NPH requirements. In thishierarchy, DOE Order 420.1 is the highest authority. The next sets of controlling documents arethe associated implementation guides followed by the set of NPH standards. In the event ofconflicts in the information provided by these documents, the information in the document ofhigher authority should be utilized (e.g., the definitions provided in the implementation guidesshouid be utilized even though corresponding definitions are provided in the NPH standards).

DOE-STD-1021-931.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this standard is as follows:(a) To provide, for the purpose of Natural Phenomena Hazard (NPH) design andevaluation, criteria for selecting performance categories PCs) of structures, systems,and components (SSCs) in accordance with the requirements specified in DOE Order420.1 (Reference 10) and the NPH Implementation Guide to DOE Order 420.1(Reference 11).(b) To recommend general procedures for consistent application of the above performancecategorization criteria so that the Department of Energy (DOE) review and approvalprocess is simplified.1.2 ScopeThe criteria and recommendations presented in this standard shall apply to performancecategorization of SSCs for the purpose of &tigating datura1phenomena hazards in all DOEfacilities covered by DOE Order 420.1.1.3 BackgroundFor several years, design and evaluation of DOE facilities subjected to natural phenomenahazards were performed in accordance with the guidelines provided in U C - 1 5 9 1 0(Reference 6) and DOE 5481.1B (Reference 3). The use of UCRL-15910 was referenced in DOE6430.1A, General Design Criteria Manual. When DOE 5480.28 (Reference 1)was issued, UCRL15910 was superseded and issued as DOE-STD-1020-94 (Reference 9). Subsequently, DOE5480.28 and DOE 6430.1.A were superseded by DOE Order 420.1 and the associatedimplementation guides.To ensure that the level of conservatism introduced in the NPH desigdevaluationprocess isappropriate for facility occupancy and other characteristics such as importance, cost, andhazards to people on and offsite and to the environment, UCRL-15910 used the "performancegoal" as a "target" design/evaluation parameter. The performance goal for an SSC was defined as1-1

DOE-STD-102 1-93its annual frequency of probable failure to perform or annual probability of exceedance ofacceptable behavior limits. Depending on the severity of consequences of SSC failure, the 1990version of UCRL-15910 grouped the facilities into four usage categories, and assigned a targetperformance goal for each usage category. The four usage categories were: (i) General Use, (ii)Important or Low Hazard, (iii) Moderate Hazard, and (iv) High Hazard. No detailed guidancewas provided in UCRL-15910 to perform this categorization.In applying the UCRL-15910 methodology, facility usage categories were often correlated withfacility hazard classes that were determined in accordance with DOE 5481.1B (Reference 3, forall facilities except nuclear facilities), DOE 5480.5 (Reference 7, for non-reactor nuclear facilities),and DOE 5480.6 (Reference 8, for nuclear reactor facilities). The three hazard classes that wereused in these three orders (i.e., DOE 5481.1BYDOE 5480.5, and DOE 5480.6) were: (i) LowHazard, (ii) Moderate Hazard, and (iii) High HazardDOE Order 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports (Reference 2), issued in April 1992,requires that DOE nuclear facilities undergo safety analyses and evaluation for all plant operating,accident, and extreme environmental conditions, including NPH. It requires categorization ofnuclear facilities into Hazard Category 1,2, or 3, on the basis of consequences of unmitigatedrelease of radioactive materials’. The definition of safety class SSCs is given in DOE 5480.30(NuclearReactor Safety Design Criteria, Reference 4).DOE Order 5480.28 established policy and requirements for NPH mitigation for DOE facilities.It required that the adequacy of SSCs comprising a facility must be defined based on targetperformance goals, and that the performance goals must be selected by considering theconsequences of SSC damage/failure using a “graded approach.” Accordingly, it required that, forthe purpose of NPH design and evaluation, SSCs be placed in one of five performance categories,and established numerical performance goals as “aiming pointsyyfor,each performance category.These numerical performance goals were the same as in UCRL-15910. A fifth category(Category 0) was added in DOE 5480.28 for SSCs that do not req*e NPH design. DOE-STD1021-93 wasdeveloped to provide criteria and guidelines for assigning one of these fiveperformance categories to SSCs using SSC safety classification and facility hazardIt should be noted that DOE 5480.23 states that an analysis and categorization is to be perfomed on “processes,operations, or activities,” and not necessarily whole facilities. Accident analysis identifies the physical relationshipsamong the SSCs and the release mechanisms for selected sequences.1-2

DOE-STD-1021-93categorizatiodclassificationdata generated by or available from activities related to DOE Order5480.23 and DOE-STD-1027-92 (or equivalent for non-nuclear hazardous facilities).Subsequently, in 1994, DOE-STD-3009 (Reference 12) was issued to provide guidance forcomplying with DOE 5480.23. lh 1995, DOE Order 420.1, along with its implementationguides, was issued. Since these documents provided key information and policy guidance forNPH performance categorization, this revision of DOE-STD-1021 was necessary. This standardprovides revised guidelines for assigning SSCs to NPH performance categories that are integratedwith the safety analysis process. The hierarchy for application of the NPH documents is: DOEOrder 420.1, followed by the NPH Implementation Guide for DOE Order 420.1, and then theDOE NPH standards.Although DOE-STD-3009-94 and the SAR process it describes are specifically applicable tonon-reactor nuclear facilities, it is DOE’Sintention to apply DOE-STD-3009-94 definitions for“safety-class” and ‘‘safety-significantY’SSCs to nuclear reactors and all hazardous facilities, andthis broader application is implemented here.Figure 1-1 conceptuallyshows the relationship of NPH performance categorization of SSCs tosafety analysis activities and NPH design requirements.1.4 TerminologyThroughout this document, the terms ‘‘higher” performance category and ‘‘lower” performancecategory are used. These terms refer to categories with more stringent or less stringent NPHmitigation requirements, respectively. As defined in the NPH Implementation Guide to DOEOrder 420.1, performance categories range from 0 to 4 in order of increasingly stringent NPHmitigation and performance requirements and with decreasing values of annualprobability ofexceedance of acceptablebehavior limits.1.5 Organization of the DocumentThis standard has been developed and organized as an aid to the engineers and DOE facilitymanagers who have the responsibility for selecting performance categories of SSCs per the NPHImplementation Guide for DOE Order 420.1.

DOE-STD-1021-93Section 2 provides the criteria for selecting performance categories of SSCs. Section 3 presentsrecommended general procedures for systematic application of these criteria. This section alsoprovides discussions and examples which will enable the user to understand and interpret thecriteria correctly and easily. Section4 lists the references E Order 420.1ImplementationGuidePerformanceFigure 1-1NPH Performance Categorization Relationship to Safety AnalysisActivities and the NPH Design Standard.'1-4

DOE-STD-102 1-932.0GUIDEIJNES FOR SEUCTJNG PERFORMANCE CATEGORY2.1GeneralThis section provides guidelines for selecting SSC performance categories that areconsistent with the requirements of the NPH Implementation Guide for DOE Order420.1, DOE-STD-3009-94, DOE 5480.23, DOE 5480.30, and DOE 5481.1B. Theprovisions of this standard are intended to satisfy DOE Order 420.1 and the NPHImplementation Guide for DOE Order 420.1 with respect to performancecategorization of SSCs.Provisions of this standard apply only to NPH evaluation of SSCs.The guidelines in this section have been reached through consensus engineeringjudgments with the objective of satisfying DOE'S NPH safety policy. However,each facility manager shall consider all facility-specific safety, design, andperformance issues while applying these guidelines.Guidelines provided in this section are intended to satisfy the minimuNPHmitigation requirements of DOE Order 420.1. However, an SSC may be placed in aperformance category that is higher than the category determined on the basis ofthese guidelines if it is considered necessary fkom cost or mission considerations.Personnel per orruing SSC categorization shall have thorough understanding ofoperations and safety bases of the systems and facilities to which these SSCsbelong. They also shall have the necessary experience, technical knowledge, andunderstanding of safety-class and safety-significant SSCs as defined in therequirements of DOE-STD-3009. This standard provides guidelines andrecommends procedures for performing the necessary tasks.Performance categorization shall be initially performed consideringthe basiccategorizationguidelines (see Subsection 2.4), that will establish the preliminaryperformance category. The preliminary performance category shall then bemodified by considering applicable system interaction effects (see Subsection 2.5),which are also known as "two over one protection" in the nuclear industry.

DOE-STD-102 1-932.2Data Sources(a)Data and information necessary for applying the guidelines given in this standardshall be obtained from the design basis system studies, accident analyses, andcalculations performed for the following purposes:--(i)Hazard classification of all facilities, except nuclear facilities, in accordancewith DOE 5481.1B (Reference 3) which results in facility hazard classes: Highand Low HazardHazard (HH), Moderate Hazard 0,o.(ii)Hazard categorization of nuclear facilities in accordance with DOE 5480.23(Reference 2) and DOE-STD-1027-92 (Reference 5) which results in facilityhazard categories HC1 (highest), HC2, and HC3 (lowest).(iii) Safetyclassification of SSCs determined in accordance with DOE 5480.30,. DOE 5481.1BYand DOE-STD-3009-94.(iv) Identification of SSCs whose failure may adversely affect the general lifesafety of facility occupants as described in the NPH Implementation Guide toDOE Order 420.1.(b)2.3Additional data or information needed may be obtained by referring ‘to designdocuments and facility accident analyses.Safety Classitication of Structures, Systems, and Components(a)For performance categorization of SSCs in accordance with this standard, “safetyclass” and “safety-significant” SSCs shall be as defined in DOE-STD-3009-94 andDOE 5480.30.(b) An SSC, failure of which may impair or adversely affect an operator action that is.required for safety during and following an NPH event, shall also be treated as asafety-class or safety-significant SSC for the purpose of selecting performancecategory in accordance with this standard.2-2

DOE-STD-102 1-93(c)2.4Even if an SSC is not classified as safety-class or safety-significant according to theprovisions of Paragraphs (a) and (b) above, it shall be treated as such if its failure byitself or its common-cause failure with one or more SSCs result in the nonperformance of a safety function identified in the safety analysis.Basic Categorization Guidelines(a)The basic categorization guidelines are summarized in the flow chart shown inFigure 2-1 and described in the following paragraphs category by category. Theguidelines presented here assume that the hazard categorizatiodclassification,accident analyses,and identification of safety-class and safety-significant systems for facilities thatstore, handle, or process radioactive and toxic materials have been performed anddocumented in accordance with applicable DOE Orders and standards as listed inSubsection 2.2 and the requirements of Subsection 2.3 above. It is also assumedthat the mission and fhctionaVperformancerequirements of SSCs in facilities notcovered by the above-referencedDOE Orders/standar& are known,or have beendetermined.The application of the basic categorization guidelines presented here will establishthe preliminary performance category of SSCs. The preliminary performancecategory may not account for system interactions, if any, that are described inSubsection 2.5 below, but shall account for common-cause failure effects asdiscussed in Paragraph 2.3(c) above. It is to be noted that the hazard categorizationis based on a method forassessing risk from potential hazards and follows the graded approach discussed inthe NPH Implementation Guide for DOE Order 420.1.(b)Performance Category 4: An SSC shall be placed in preliminary PerformanceCategory 4 (PC-4) if it is a “safety-class” item as defined in STD-3009-94 andSection 2.3, above, and if its failure during an NPH event could result in off-siterelease consequences greater than or equal to the unmitigated release from a large( 200 MWJ Category A reactor severe accident. There are not expected to bemany such facilities in the DOE complex. Not all safety-class SSCs are necessarilyPC-4. Ifthe adverse off-site consequences from anNPH event are significant enoughto make them safety-class but are substantially less than those associated with2-3

DOE-STD-1021-93SSC is a ccsafety-class”item as defined in Section 2.3 (a), andits failure due to a n NPH event would result in off-siterelease conseqences greater than or equal to theunmitigated release associated with a large ( 200 MWJCategory A reactor severe accidentNoSSC failure has adverse release consequences greater thansafety-class SSC Evaluation Guidelines, but not severe enoughto place it in PC-4.YesPC-3Noa. SSC performs emergency functions to preserve health andsafety of workers as defined in Section 2.4( d),b. SSC is part of a buildhg used for assembly of more than300 persons in one room,c. It has been c l a d i e d c‘safbty-signi6cant”* -ET-lNoa. SSC is a building/structure with potential humanoccupancy, orb. SSC failure-may cause fatality or serious injuriesto infacility workers, orc. SSC failure can be prevented cost-effectively by NPHdesign.Figure 2-1Basic Guidelines for Preliminary NPH Performance Categorization ofStructures, Systems, and ComponentsNotes:SSC Structure, System, or ComponentUse this Figure only in the context of Section 2 of this document; also see Subsection 2.5 for SystemInteraction Effects

DOE-STD-102 1-93eonsequences fiom an unmitigated large Category A reactor severe accident, theSSCs should be placed in PC-3. An SSC that does not satisfy the above criteriamay also be placed in PC-4 for improved performance if justified from cost-benefitconsiderations.(c)Performance Category 3: An SSC shall be placed in preliminary PerformanceCategory 3 (PC-3) if it is not covered in Paragraph 2.40 ) above, and if:its failure results in adverse release consequences greater than safetyclass SSC Evaluation Guidelines limits but much less than thoseassociated with PC-4 SSCs.An SSC that does not satisfy the above criteria may also be placed in PC-3 forimproved performance ifjustified fiom cost-benefit considerations. For newfacilities, since it may not cost too much more to design the facility as PC-4instead of PC-3, it may be desirable to design such PC-3 facilities in theconceptual design stage to PC-4 criteria, subject to funding constraints.(d) Performance Categow 2: An SSC shall be placed in preliminary PerformanceCategory 2 (PC-2) if it is not covered in Paragraphs 2.4(b) and 2.4(c) above,and if any of the following conditions apply:(i)The SSC’s failure by itself or in combination with one or more SSCs mayresult in loss of function of any emergency handling, hazard recovery’fire suppression, emergency preparedness, communication, or powersystem that may be needed to preserve the health and safety of workersand visitors. This includes NPH-caused release of radioactive and toxicmaterials that would result in these consequences.(ii) The SSC is part of a building which is primarily used for assembly ofmore than 300 persons (in one room), and the SSC failure may adverselyaffect the life safety of the occupants.(iii) The SSC has been classified “safety-significant.”

DOE-STD-1021-93An SSC that does not satisfy the above criteria m

DOE-STD-I 021-93 FOREWORD Change Notice #1 has been included in this standard to provide information to help meet the requirements in DOE Order 420.1 and its associated Implementation Guides, correct errors in the previous standard, and update this standard to the most current references. This DOE standard is approved for us

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