Glencoe World History - Weebly

Chapter IntroductionSection 1: Transforming the Roman WorldSection 2:FeudalismSection 3:Growth of European KingdomsSection 4:Byzantine Empire and CrusadesVisual Summary

How important is thelocation of a city?From ancient times, Carcassonne wasimportant because of its location nearthe Pyrenees Mountains. The Romansbuilt fortifications on the hilltop andeach ruler added to them until the1600s. A fortified city like Carcassonne,with a double ring of defensive wallsand 53 towers, could hold out formonths against an army. In this chapteryou will learn about the beginning of theMiddle Ages. What was the advantage of locatinga city on a hilltop? Why might castles and fortified townsbecome impractical?

Transforming the Roman WorldWhy was Rome the center of the Christianworld at the beginning of the period?

FeudalismWhat purpose doesa strong central government serve?

The Growth of European KingdomsHow do you think the Magna Cartaaffected the development of theU.S. government?

Byzantine Empire and CrusadesWhat was the purpose of theCrusades?

The BIG IdeaIdeas, Beliefs, and Values The newEuropean civilization combined Germanic,Roman, and Christian elements.

Content Vocabulary wergild monasticism ordeal missionary bishopric nun pope abbess monkAcademic Vocabulary excluded ensure

People and Places Clovis Gregory I Saint Benedict Pépin Charlemagne Carolingian Empire

Do you think that in our society,every personal crime should havea monetary value paid as a fine tothe victim?A.YesB.NoA. AB.B

The New Germanic Kingdoms (cont.) By 500 A.D., the Western Roman Empirehad been replaced by Germanic kingdomsthat eventually excluded Romans fromholding power. Clovis established the kingdom of theFranks. He was the first Germanic ruler toconvert to Christianity and become alliedwith the Roman Catholic Church.New Germanic Kingdoms, A.D. 500

The New Germanic Kingdoms (cont.) As Germans and Romans intermarried, theycreated a new society. This impacted theGermanic legal system. The Germans devised a legal system basedon a fine called a wergild which was paidby the wrongdoer to the victim’s family. Thevalue of the fine varied according to socialstatus, so it cost more to commit an offenseagainst a noble than a slave.

The New Germanic Kingdoms (cont.) The ordeal was a system to establishguilt or innocence through a physicaltrial. It was based on the belief in divineintervention.

What was the significance of Clovis’sconversion to Christianity?A. It changed Germanic law.B. It prevented the spread ofIslam in Western Europe.C. It divided the Germanickingdoms.D. It unified the Franks andthe Roman Catholic Church.

The Role of the ChurchThe Bishop of Rome became theleader of the Christian Church.

The Role of the Church (cont.) By the end of the 4th century, Christianityhad become the dominant religion of theRoman Empire, and the Church developed asystem of organization. Priests led parishes; groups of parishesbecame known as bishoprics that were ledby bishops. Bishoprics were, in turn, underthe authority of an archbishop.

The Role of the Church (cont.) The head of the Catholic Church becameknown as the pope. Gregory I, pope from 590 to 604, strengthenedthe power of the papacy. He converted nonChristians and increased his spiritual authorityover the Church. The practice of living the life of a monk isknown as monasticism. Saint Benedictwrote a series of rules that became themodel for monasticism.A Monk’s Daily Timetable

The Role of the Church (cont.) Monks became Christian heroes in the newEuropean civilization, providing religious andmoral leadership. Monks became the missionaries thatconverted Western Europe to Catholicism.By 1050, most of Western Europe wasCatholic. Women could become nuns and live inconvents, which were headed by abbesses.

How did Catholic monks impactWestern European society?A. Education and moralityB. ArchitectureC. Military trainingD. Latin languages

The Carolingian EmpireCharlemagne expanded the Frankishkingdom and created the CarolingianEmpire.

The Carolingian Empire (cont.) Pépin was a chief officer of the Frankishkingdom who assumed the kingship forhimself and his family. His son was Charlesthe Great. Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, was anintelligent leader and fierce warrior whoexpanded the Frankish kingdom, creatingthe Carolingian Empire.The Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (cont.) The Carolingian Empire was the largestEuropean empire in history at the time.Charlemagne sent out messengers calledthe missi dominici to ensure that his wisheswere enacted. In 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperorof the Roman Empire by the pope. Thisevent symbolized the joining of Roman,Germanic, and Christian elements.

The Carolingian Empire (cont.) Charlemagne’s strong desire to promotelearning and education is often referred toas the Carolingian Renaissance.

What was given to Charlemagne by thepope in 800?A. The Roman armyB. All the gold in RomeC. The castle in RomeD. The title of Roman Emperor

The BIG IdeaOrder and Security The collapse ofcentral authority in Europe led to a newpolitical order known as feudalism.

Content Vocabulary feudalism feudal contract vassal tournament knight chivalry fiefAcademic Vocabulary enabled contract

People and Places Magyars Hungary Vikings Normandy Eleanor of Aquitaine

When a team loses a coach whois a strong leader, the team isautomatically weakened.A.AgreeB.DisagreeA. AB.B

The End of the Carolingian EmpireVikings, Magyars, and Muslimsinvaded Europe during the ninthand tenth centuries.

The End of the Carolingian Empire (cont.) After Charlemagne’s death in 814, Europewas invaded by foreign powers. The most devastating attacks came from theVikings. The Scandinavian warriors usedlongboats that enabled them to attack townsand villages far from the coast.Invasions of Europe, 800–1000

The End of the Carolingian Empire (cont.) Frankish rulers gave the Vikings land inNormandy and converted the Norsemen toChristianity. The Vikings were made a part ofEuropean civilization.Invasions of Europe, 800–1000

Which of the following was not an invadingforce in ninth-century Europe?A. MuslimsB. VikingsC. EgyptiansD. Magyars

The Development of FeudalismA system of lords and vassals spreadthroughout Europe after the collapseof the Carolingian Empire.

The Development of Feudalism (cont.) As a result of invasions, the people ofWestern Europe turned to local lordsfor protection. This led to a social andpolitical system known as feudalism. Vassals were men who served a lordin a military capacity.Feudalism

The Development of Feudalism (cont.) Knights came to dominate Europeanwarfare for nearly 500 years. Knights had a high degree of socialprestige and formed the backbone ofEuropean aristocracy.

The Development of Feudalism (cont.) Vassals swore allegiance to a lord.In turn, the vassal was given a fiefand political control of it. The lord and vassal relationship came tobe characterized by a set of unwrittenrules known as the feudal contract. Vassals had to perform military serviceand the lord had to provide land andprotection.

What provided the most power in thesystem of feudalism?A. ReligionB. LandC. CastlesD. Money

Feudal SocietyMen and women of the nobility wereguided by a code of ethical behaviorand society’s expectations of theirroles.

Feudal Society (cont.) In Europe during the Middle Ages, societywas dominated by men whose main concernwas warfare. Nobles and knights attended tournaments,where the knights would demonstrate theirfighting skills. Influenced by the Catholic Church, noblesand knights began to follow an idealizedcode of ethics called chivalry.

Feudal Society (cont.) Lower-class women had few rights, butaristocratic women had opportunities to playimportant roles. The lady of the castlesupervised affairs for her husband’s absencetravel or war. Eleanor of Aquitaine was an influentialwoman who was married to the king ofFrance, and later to the king of England.

Why were European tournaments important?A. European warriors trained anddemonstrated fighting skills.B. They earned valuablemoney for the lords.C. They helped spreadChristianity.D. They allowed Europeanwarriors to purchase land or supplies.

Please complete Code of Chivalryassignment pages 314-315

The BIG IdeaOrder and Security During the HighMiddle Ages, monarchs began to extendtheir power and build strong states.

Written documents outlining rights ofcitizens make governments more fair.A. AgreeB. DisagreeA. AB.B

England in the High Middle AgesKing John of England put his seal on theMagna Carta in 1215, recognizing the rights ofhis nobles, and keeping the English monarchfrom ever becoming an absolute ruler.

England in the High Middle Ages (cont.) In 1066 William of Normandy defeatedKing Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Williamwas crowned king of England, leading to anew English culture. Henry II, who ruled from 1154 to 1189,expanded the power of the king. Common law began to replace the varyingcodes of the kingdom.Europe, 1160

England in the High Middle Ages (cont.) Thomas á Becket was the archbishop ofCanterbury who challenged Henry by claimingthat only the Roman Catholic Church could tryclerics. He was killed by knights who were loyal toHenry II. English nobles resented the growing power ofthe king and defeated the forces of King Johnat Runnymede.

England in the High Middle Ages (cont.) In 1215 the king was forced to put his sealon the document known as the MagnaCarta. This document outlined the rights ofthe people and the king. During the thirteenth century, the EnglishParliament was created. This representativeassembly dealt with taxes, politics, and law.

What document outlined the rights ofthe king and the people of England?A. ParliamentB. Common lawC. Magna CartaD. Feudal Charter

France in the Middle AgesOne section of Charlemagne’s empirebecame France.

France in the Middle Ages (cont.) The reign of Philip II Augustus was a turningpoint for the French monarchy. He added landand expanded the power and income of themonarchy.

France in the Middle Ages (cont.) Louis IX ruled for much of the thirteenthcentury and tried to bring justice to hispeople. He was later made a saint. Philip IV created a French parliament bymeeting with the three estates of thekingdom:– Clergy (first estate)– Nobles (second estate)– Townspeople and peasants (third estate)

Who would be included in the firstestate of the French parliament?A. ClergyB. NoblesC. TownspeopleD. Royalty

Central and Eastern EuropeThe Slavic peoples settled in central andeastern Europe, forming new kingdoms.

Central and Eastern Europe (cont.) The Slavic peoples were from central Europe. They eventually split into three groups:– Western Slavs eventually formed thePolish and Bohemian kingdoms. Thesetwo groups were converted to Christianityand became part of the Roman CatholicChurch.

Central and Eastern Europe (cont.)– Eastern Slavs were converted to OrthodoxChristianity by Byzantine missionaries.– Southern Slavs included the Croats,Serbs, and Bulgarians. They wereconverted to Eastern Orthodoxy,except for the Croats, who accepted theCatholic Church.Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe

The BIG IdeaIdeas, Beliefs, and Values TheByzantine Empire created a uniquecivilization that was eventually weakenedby the Crusades.

Content Vocabulary patriarch Crusades schism infidelAcademic Vocabulary legal enormous

All empires eventually get too largeand then fall apart.A. AgreeB. DisagreeA. AB.B

From Eastern Roman Empire toByzantine EmpireThe Eastern Roman Empire evolved intothe smaller Byzantine Empire, whichcreated a unique civilization in theeastern Mediterranean.

From Eastern Roman Empire to ByzantineEmpire (cont.) Despite the fall of Rome, the Eastern RomanEmpire continued to exist. Its political andcultural center was the city ofConstantinople. Justinian became emperor of the EasternRoman Empire in 527. Justinian expanded the empire to includeItaly, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor,Palestine, and Syria.