CBT Animals
CBT Animals12 Stories, follow upquestions based andworksheets on cognitivedistortions for elementaryaged kids
CBT AnimalsPurpose: Cognitive distortions can be difficult for adults to understand, soexplaining them to children can at times feel impossible. These stories are createdto help children (and adults) better understand thinking patterns that can causethem to get stuck. The follow up questions and worksheets can help childrenidentify different ways of thinking to help them get unstuck.Directions: Read the story to the child and ask the follow up questions. To helpthe child understand the concepts each story includes a worksheet. You can usethe puppets as a way for the child to stay engaged in the story and the CBT Animalspage as a way to help remind the child of the skills they have learned. Cut along thelines of the story to create a booklet.Extra activity: Use different color pens or highlighters to mark the feelings,negative thoughts and positive thoughts in the stories. (Ex. Yellow– highlightfeelings, green– negative thoughts, blue– positive thoughts, purple-body cues)
CBT AnimalsExternal Control FallacyRightBlamingGiving control of feelingsto the outside world.Always needing to berightNot takingresponsibility foractionsCatastrophizingThinking things aregoing to be way worsethan they really areBlack and White ThinkingThings are all goodor all badOvergeneralizationFairnessUsing words like always,never and nothingThinking things are notfair to youFilteringShouldsOnly paying attentionto the good or badthings.Using words like“should” and “must”can make you feelguiltyPersonalizationLabelingJumping to ConclusionBlaming yourself forsomething that wasnot your fault.Giving labels to yourselfor othersThinking you can readpeople’s minds orknow the future.Closet Counselor 2015
Follow Up Questions: Talk about body cues. What things told Francisshe was getting upset? Talk about feeling disappointed. Why do youthink Francis was disappointed? At the party what did Francis do when she wasfeeling disappointed? Was Sally upset that she got two of the samegifts? What did Sally say when she got twodolphins? Why was Francis still upset when she got home? Talk about filtering. What does it mean to filtersomething? How was Francis filtering what happened? Have you ever been disappointed? What did youdo? Have you ever filtering out the good stuff of aday and focused on only the bad?Filtering FishA Story About FilteringCloset Counselor 2015
Filtering FishFrancis had a very important birthday to go to on Friday.It was her friend Sally’s 9th birthday and she was excited togive her friend a present. Sally loved dolphins and shewanted to give Sally a stuffed dolphin as a gift. WhenFrancis got to the party she had her present and cardready to go. After playing pin the tail on the fish andeating cake, it was time for Sally to open presents. Sallyhad opened two gifts already, one was earrings and theother was a movie. Francis was very excited about Sallyopening her gift. Sally opened a gift her brother hadgotten her. Francis was horrified to see Sally’s brotherhad given her the same exact dolphin she had brought.Francis could feel her face getting hot. She was feelingangry and embarrassed. She wanted to run up and hideher gift. Sally then opened Francis’ gift. When she sawshe had two of the same stuffed animals, she wasn’t sadlike Francis thought she would be. Sally smiled a big, fishsmile and said “Thank you, now I have a friend for myother dolphin.”When Francis got home, her dad saw she was really quiet.“Why are you so quiet?” Francis’ dad asked. Francisexplained what had happened. Francis’ dad replied, “Thatis great she loved your gift!” “It’s not great,” Francisshouted as she swam upstairs. Her dad quietly followedher up. “I think I know what is going on here,” he said,“you have a filtering problem.” Francis did not know whatthat meant. “You see a filter is used to take out the junkthat is bad and keep only the stuff that is good. Like in ourfish tank. The filter takes out the dirt from our tank andleaves us clean water.” Francis asked if that meant shehad dirt in her brain. “No,” said Francis’ dad, “it meansyou are only looking at the things that are bad. Can youthink of some of the good things that happened at theparty?” “Well, the cake was good and I was the closest toputting the tail on the fish.”“That is awesome,” her dad said, “but something elsegood happened. Can you tell me what it was?” Franciscouldn’t think of anything else good. Her dad thenexplained even if she had two of the same dolphin toysSally was still happy with her gift- if not even happier.Francis said, “Dad I think you are right. Maybe I did have afilter problem. I filtered all of the good stuff out and onlyfocused on the bad.” Francis’ dad was very proud Franciscould tell she had a broken filter in her brain and had fixedit!Closet Counselor 2015
1. What does it mean to filter thoughts?Tracking my filtering thoughts:2. When is a time you filtered thoughts?3. What are 2 things you can think next time you arefiltering your thoughts to make it so you do not filter?Closet Counselor ht
Follow Up Questions: Talk about a time when you had to do somethingfor the first time on your own. How did youfeel? Have you ever been upset because you forgot tobring something to school? What does it mean to feel anxious or anxiety? What was one sign that Timmy’s body wastelling him that he was anxious? What is toxic thinking? Have you ever thought something bad wouldhappen because it happened once? What did Timmy do to make it so he wouldn’tforget anything? Have you ever learned how to do somethingfrom an older kid? Is it a big deal to miss your bus? Why or whynot?Toxic TigerA Story aboutOvergeneralizationCloset Counselor 2015
Toxic Tiger (Overgeneralization)Timmy Tiger was the youngest of 3 brothers: Tommy, Troyand Terrance. Every year since kindergarten Timmy rodethis bus with at least one of his brothers, but not this year.This year Tommy was in high school and Troy and Terrancewere in middle school. So on the first day of schoolTimmy was ready to go. He had his lunch, his backpackand his tennis shoes. On the way to the bus stop, Timmy’smother shouted out from the house “come back Timmyyou forgot your notebook.” Timmy ran back to get hisnotebook from his mom. By the time he left his house hewas running a little late. Timmy ran to his bus stop, butwhen he got close he saw the bus was just leaving.Timmy felt anxious. He had missed the bus. He wentback to his mom and told her he needed a ride to school.The next morning he did not want the same thing tohappen. Timmy packed all of his stuff the night beforeand slept in his clothes. This time he was sure hewouldn’t miss the bus. At night he kept having dreamswhere he missed the bus. When he got up the nextmorning, his stomach felt like it had a big knot in it. Hewas worried he would miss the bus, so he went out to hisbus stop 30 minutes earlier, when his brothers in middleschool had left. When they got to the bus stop, Troyasked him why he was out there so early. “Because Imissed the bus yesterday and since I missed it once, I willmiss it every day, unless I get out to the bus stop superearly each morning,” Timmy explained. “That’s not true,”said Troy, “that kind of thinking is toxic.” “It is not!”argued Timmy. “Is to,” said Terrance, “if somethinghappens once it does not mean it will always happen. Soyou forgot your notebook yesterday. It is no big deal.” “Istill don’t understand how that is toxic,” said Timmy. Troyexplained to Timmy if you get stuck on bad things alwayshappening to you it can make you sick. “How am Isupposed to make sure I get to the bus on time?” askedTimmy. Terrance told Timmy he made a list of things heneeded to pack each day and Troy talked about getting tothe bus a little early, but not 30 minutes early. “And evenif you do miss the bus mom can always bring you toschool. It is no big deal. Plus, you smell toxic fromsleeping in your clothes all night.” Just then Troy andTerrance’s bus came.The next morning, Timmy followed his brothers’ advice.He made a check list to make sure he didn’t forgetanything and got to the bus 5 minutes early. He wasrelieved when the bus came and he made it on time. Forthe rest of the school year, he never was late for the bus,but if he ever was he knew it was no big deal.Closet Counselor 2015
1. What does it mean to have toxic thoughts?Tracking my toxic thoughts:2. When was a time you thought something bad mighthappen?3. What are 2 things you can think next time you havetoxic thoughts to make you feel better?Closet Counselor ht
Follow Up Questions: Talk about a time when you thought you werebad at something or made a mistake. Have you ever been sad because you thoughtyou messed something up because you madeone mistake? Do you think Wendy is a stupid whale? Why orwhy not? What is black and white thinking? Tell me about a time you had black and whitethinking. What could Wendy do next time she makes asmall mistake? Do you know what color it makes when you mixblack and white? Tell me what you think it makes to think ingrays? Can you give an example of something that isgray thinking?Closet Counselor 2015
Wendy the Whale: Black andWhite ThinkingWendy was an amazing whale. She could swim fasterthan other whales, she could eat more than other whalesand she was the smartest whale in her school. Wendyswam to school faster than any of her friends. When itwas time for lunch, she ate her pizza faster than any otherwhales, but when it was time for her test at school shemade a little mistake. She was confused on what to do ona question and got one question wrong. Wendy was veryupset. She wanted to get a perfect on her test, butinstead she made a little mistake and her friend Dolly hada better score than she did. Wendy thought to herself “Iam a stupid whale! I can’t do anything right.”When she went home that day, her mom asked how herday was. “Awful,” she said, “I am the stupidest whale inthe class.” Her mother looked very confused. “Wendywhat are you talking about, you are a very smart whale.”Wendy told her mom how she had made a mistake.Wendy’s mom looked at her and said “Wendy I am proudof you. You are letting one little mistake make you have‘black and white thinking.” “What is ‘black and whitethinking’?” Wendy asked. “Well Wendy, ‘’black and whitethinking’ are the thoughts that tell you things are either allgood or all bad.” Wendy looked confused. Her mom gaveher an example. “You love cheese pizza right?” Wendynodded. “What if I put pepperonis on it, would it be yourfavorite pizza?” Wendy’s mom asked. “Well, it wouldn’tbe my favorite, but it would still be good,” said Wendy.“Well that is gray thinking because things don’t have to beall good or all bad.” Wendy started to look less confused.“So when I made one mistake it doesn’t mean my day isterrible or I am stupid,” Wendy asked shyly. “Goodnessno!” Wendy’s mother exclaimed. “No whales are perfect.Everyone makes mistakes- that’s why they put erasers onthe end of pencils.” Wendy went to her room and feltmuch better about her day. She didn’t need to be perfectno whales are. She could make mistakes and still beamazing.Closet Counselor 2015
1. What does it mean to have black and whitethoughts?Tracking my black and white thoughts:2. When was a time you had black and whitethoughts? Things were either all good or all bad.3. Give two examples of gray thoughtsCloset Counselor ht
Follow Up Questions: Why do you think Rachel thought her friend wasmad at her? Talk about a time when you thought someonewas mad at you but they were not. Has anyone ever thought you were mad becauseyou were quiet? What does it mean to jump to conclusions? Can you share about a time you jumped toconclusions? Jennifer would have been confused by Rachel’scard, how couldRachel handled it differently?Closet Counselor 2015
Jumping to Conclusions RabbitIt was the day Rachel Rabbit had looked forward to:Saturday morning. Every week Rachel met up with herbest friend Jennifer to play at the park. Rachel put on hersneakers and hopped to the park. Rachel went down theslide a few times and then swung for a little while, butJennifer still wasn’t at the park. Rachel began to wonder ifJennifer was mad at her. Jennifer had never missed aSaturday at the park. Rachel began to think of all thethings she could have done that made Jennifer mad. Wasit the fact she didn’t share her snack at school or the sillyface she had made at Jennifer on the bus? That musthave been it, Rachel made Jennifer mad because of thesilly face she made on the bus.Rachel felt terrible. She didn’t mean to make her friendmad, she was just trying to have some fun. Rachel beganto think of ways to apologize to Jennifer for making hermad. Rachel went home and made Jennifer a card with alamb on the cover and in the inside it said “I am sorry Ihurt your feelings- my Baaaaad.” Rachel thought if shewas funny Jennifer might be more forgiving. Rachel thenwalked over to Jennifer’s house, with her card in hand.When Jennifer’s mother answered the door she lookedconfused. “Hi Rachel,” Jennifer’s mother said. “Hi, isJennifer home?” Rachel asked. Jennifer’s mother stated“Oh she is, but she is sick with the flu today. Oh what doyou have in your hand?” Rachel then explained toJennifer’s mom since Jennifer did not show up at the parkshe must have been mad at her. Jennifer’s motherlaughed and said “it looks like someone jumped toconclusions!” Rachel looked at her puzzled. “Jumping toconclusions is something grown-ups say when someoneguesses how someone else feels or they guess whysomeone is acting the way they are.” “I guess you areright, I did jump to conclusions. Will you tell Jennifer Ihope she feels better soon?!” “Of course” said Jennifer’smother as she closed the door behind her. This was onekind of jumping a rabbit should never do.
1. What does it mean to jump to conclusions?Tracking my jumping thoughts:2. When was a time you jumped to conclusions?3. Give two examples things you can think the next timeyou want to jump to conclusionsCloset Counselor ht
Follow Up Questions: Do you think Tonya’s worries we going tohappen? What kind of worries do you have? Have you have been so worried that youcouldn’t focus on what you were doing? What could Tonya do when she has a worry thatseems silly? Catastrophizing is when someone things of theworst things that can happen or when theyworry about things that are unlikely to happen.Can you talk about a time you catastrophized? How do you know if a worry is a good worry or asilly worry?Terrible News Turtle:A Story aboutCatastrophizingCloset Counselor 2015
Terrible News Turtle (catastrophizing)“The world is the hottest it has ever been” read the title ofTonya’s newspaper. Tonya asked her older sister, “what ifthe world ends because it is the hottest it has ever been.”Her sister Tara rolled her eyes. Tonya was always askingabout bad things. That day in science they were learningabout the earth, Mr. Nickels asked if anyone had anyquestions. Tonya’s hand went up faster than lightening.“What if an earthquake comes, or what if a volcanoerupts?!” “We live in Iowa, none of those things happenhere. You are worrying about nothing,” sighed Mr.Nickels. Tonya always had a “what if” question. Tonya’snext class was math and she had a test that day. Tonya’smath teacher, Mrs. Anderson, went over the rules for thetest and handed out them out. When Mrs. Andersonasked if the class had any questions, Tonya’s hand was thefirst one up “what if I have to go to the bathroom or whatif my pencil breaks?” Mrs. Anderson explained she isworrying about little things and she could get a new pencilor use the bathroom if she needed to. Her last class ofthe day was gym class. After explaining to his class abouthow to play freeze tag, Mr. Appleton asked the class ifthey had any questions, but before he could finish hissentence Tonya’s hand was up. “What if someone pushesme so hard I fall and break my arm or what if my pants falldown when I am running?” Tonya’s class began to laugh,but she wasn’t joking. She really wanted to know whatwould happen. Mr. Appleton said “that is it Tonya, go talkto Principal Brown.”As Tonya walked to Principal Brown’s office she wondered“what if Principal Brown is mean to me or what if I get loston the way to the office?” Principal Brown called Tonya into her office and asked her what was going on. Tonyaexplained she had lots of questions that all start with“what if.” “Wow, that is a lot of ‘what if’ questions!” saidPrincipal Brown shocked. What I want you to do fromnow on before you ask a ‘what if’ question is first askyourself these questions, first, has this ever happenedbefore, then, is this something I really need to worryabout and lastly, is this a big worry or a little worry.That afternoon on the bus Tonya began to wonder “whatif the bus got a flat tire or started on fire?” She was aboutto ask the bus driver, but then she remembered whatPrincipal Brown had said. She asked her self the threequestions: had this ever happened to her before- no, isthis something I need to worry about- I am a kid, I don’tneed to worry about bus flat tires and lastly is this a bigworry or a small worry- well since it had never happenedto her before and because it was an adult worry, shedecided it would be a little worry. And just like that her‘what if’ questions went away. She decided to think aboutcartoons instead. They were a lot more fun to thinkabout.Closet Counselor 2015
1. What does it mean to catastrophize?Tracking my “what if” thoughts:2. When was a time you thought something really badwas going to happen?3. Give two examples things you can think the next timeyou think something bad is going to happenCloset Counselor ht
Follow Up Questions: Why was it that Pricilla’s friends were not talkingto her? To find out the problem Pricilla talked to anadult she trusted. Who is an adult you trust? Could Pricilla had asked her friends what waswrong? If so, what could she say? Personalization is when people think somethinghas to do with them when it does not. Pricillatook it personally when her friends wouldn'tstretch or talk to her. Have you ever taken thingspersonally? Sometimes people become sad when othersyell at them for no reason, but the person whoyelled is not mad at the other person they arejust frustrated with something else. Have youever yelled at someone when you were reallyfrustrated with something else?PersonalizationPricillaCloset Counselor 2015
Personalization Pricilla“Hurry up” said Pricilla as she pounded on the door of herfamily bathroom. Pricilla was running late for her danceclass. She ran into the bathroom and with each oftentacles she was brushing her hair, her teeth and puttingon make-up. She quickly got ready and ran to dance class.As she ran into her dance class, she noticed none of herfriends were looking at her. “Hmm that is weird,” shethought to herself. A few minutes into the class it wastime to pair up and stretch. When she looked around noone had paired up with her. Pricilla became suspiciousher friends were upset with her for being late. Pricillabecame sad because she didn’t mean to make them mad.It was all her fault. “If only I had been here earlier myfriends wouldn’t be mad at me,” she thought to herself.didn’t?” whispered Pricilla. “No,” said Miss Bella, “rightbefore you came today I told the girls who their partnerswould be and I told them since there was a dancecompetition next week we needed to be very focused. If Isaw anyone distracted they were going to have to runtwo laps around the gym.” “Really?” said Pricilla. “Really,”said Miss Bella.
Filtering Fish Francis had a very important birthday to go to on Friday. It was her friend Sally [s 9th birthday and she was excited to give her friend a present. Sally loved dolphins and she wanted to give Sally a stuffed dolphin as a gift. When Francis g
We included CBT interventions implemented with any com-bination of content components and delivered in any format. CBT interventions were classified by mode of delivery as either face-to-face CBT, multimedia CBT, or hybrid CBT (defined as multimedia CBT with one or more face-to-face sessions). We also recorded the number and average length of .
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interests include the research and treatment of obsessional problems and applying CBT in group and self-help formats. Rhena Branch, MSc, Dip CBT, is an accredited CBT therapist and works with the Priory Hospital North London as a CBT
