Effect Of Sowing Dates On Yield And Yield Attributes Of .

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 361-366International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied SciencesISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020)Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.comOriginal Research 0Effect of Sowing dates on Yield and Yield Attributesof Safflower GenotypesAshok Kumar Barla, G. M. Kote and D. D. Deshmukh*Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada KrishiVidyapeeth, Parbhani – 431402 (M.S) India*Corresponding authorABSTRACTKeywordsSafflower, Sowingdate,Genotype,Yield&Yield AttributesArticle InfoAccepted:15 December 2019Available Online:20 January 2020In order to investigate the “effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Yield Attributes ofSafflower Genotypes”, an experiment was conducted on a split plot design with 4replications during the year 2015-16 at AICRP on Safflower, VNMKV, Parbhani(M.S.). The experiment consisted of 9 treatment combinations comprising 3 sowingdates (15th October, 30thOctober and 15th November) as main plots and 3 cultivars(Annigiri-1, NARI-6 and NARI-57) as subplots. The result showed that sowing ofsafflower on 15th October recorded significantly higher Yield and Yield attributingcharacters viz.; weight of capitula (74.85 g plant-1), number of seeds capitula-1 (27.55),seed index (3.71 g), seed yield (1042 kg ha-1), straw yield (3210 kg ha-1) andbiological yield (4252 kg ha-1) as compared to 30th October and 15th November sowingdate respectively. Among the cultivars of safflower, Annigiri-1 noted higher yield andyield attributing characters viz., weight of capitula (74.55 g plant-1), number of seedscapitula-1 (27.14), seed index (4.27 g), seed yield (1019 kg ha-1), straw yield (3426 kgha-1) and biological yield (4445 kg ha-1) over NARI-57 and NARI-6. From the study itcan be concluded that combination of cultivar Annigiri-1 sown on15th Octoberperformed best among all other treatment combinations.IntroductionSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius (L.) is animportant rabi oilseed crop of Maharashtraapart from its superior adaptability to scantymoisture conditions, it produces oil rich inpoly unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid78%)which plays an important role in reducing theblood cholesterol level. Ithas been undercultivation in India either for it’s coloredflorets and much valued oil. Generally it isknown as Kusum or Kardi. As safflower is asalt tolerant crop, hence suitable for commandareas of Jayakwadi and Purna. It has widerrange of elasticity both in rainfed as well asirrigated conditions due to its deep rootsystem, xerophytic characters, thorniness andwaxy coating of leaves, thus reducing the361

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 361-366moisture use as compared to other rabi crops.The cost of cultivation of safflower crop islow with highest B:C ratio with minimumirrigations. This will result into increase inproductivity of safflower there by sustainingthe production in irrigated command areas.Safflower is a member of the familyCompositae and originally grown for theflowers that were used in making red andyellow dyes.Safflower has a promising future as a salinityand drought resistant crop that has both springand autumn types. Sowing date is veryimportantinagriculturalproductionmanagement decisions, especially at regionhaving environmental restrictions such assooner or later coldness or serves (Emami etal., 2011). Cultivar selection is also a keymanagement component in any croppingsystem even more critical in sowing date forcrop production (Soleymani et al.,2011). Allthe varieties may not be suitable for timely aswell as late sowing. The differences inproduction of timely sown and late sown cropsmay be attributed to the unfavourabletemperature prevailing at different growthstages, such as low temperature at the time ofgermination which may delay crop emergence.Low temperature may also slow down thegrowth and development of the crop, resultingin the accumulation of insufficient biomassand shortening of crop duration (SoorajChandra et al., 2015). The field and qualityproperties of safflower are largely determinedby ecological factors and cultivationtechniques. It was reported that the sowingdate and cultivars of safflower vary dependingon ecological conditions (Daltalab etal.,2013). Therefore, in order to obtainsafflower with high yield and quality, it isessential to determine the suitable growthconditions and cultivation techniques. So theaim of this study was to evaluate the “Effectof sowing dates on yield and yield attributes ofsafflower genotypes”.Materials and MethodsTo evaluate the “Effect of sowing dates onyield and yield attributes of safflowergenotypes”, an experiment was conductedduring the year 2015-16 at All IndiaCoordinated Research Project on safflower, atVNMKV, College of Agriculture, Parbhani(M.S.). A set of 9 treatment combinationscomprising 3 dates of sowing (15th October,30th October and 15th November) as main plotsand 3 cultivars (Annigiri-1, NARI-6 andNARI-57) as subplots laid out in split plotdesign with 4 replications. The soil ofexperimental field was a typical medium blacksoil (vertisol), soil pH (7.79), EC (0.24 dsm-1),low in organic carbon (0.41 %), medium inavailable nitrogen (201.57 kg ha-1) andavailable phosphorus (10.72 kg ha-1) but highin available potash (717.38 kg ha-1). Forensuring good germination, healthy and goodquality seeds were used with 20 kg ha-1 withplanting geometry of 45 x 20 cm. Therecommended dose of fertilizer (60 N 40P2O5kg/ha) was applied in safflower. Full doseof P2O5and half dose of N were applied at thetime of sowing in the furrow below the seed.Remaining half dose of N was applied at stageof crop at 30-35 DAS. Soil moisture was notsufficient for crop growth so one uniformirrigation was given to the crop at 50 DAS.The data was analyzed by the method of“Analysis of Variance” as described by Panseand Sukhatme (1985).Results and DiscussionNumber of capitula plant-1Number of capitula per plant is importantyield contributing character to judge the seedyield of safflower crop. Data presented inTable 1, revealed that sowing date showed asignificantvariationonnumberofcapitulaplant-1. The maximum capitula plant-1(35.33) was recorded with 15th October sown362

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 361-366crop, which was significantly superior over30th October and 15th November sown crop.Similar result was found by Emami et al.,(2011).The maximum capitula plant-1 (35.31) wasrecorded by cultivarAnnigiri-1followed byNARI-57 (34.69) and minimum capitula wasrecorded by cultivar NARI-6 (30.62). Thesefindings confirm those of Anonymous 2012.The data revealed that combinations of sowingdates and safflower cultivar did not differsignificantly for number of capitula plant-1(Table 1).Weight of capitula (g plant-1)The data in Table 1, showed that themaximum weight of capitula plant-1 (74.85g)was observed on15th October sown crop andminimum weight of capitula (71.84 g) wasfound at 15th November crop. Odivi et al.,(2013) reported that delay in sowing resultedgenerally decrease in the yield attributes.Increase in different yield attributingcharacters on15th October sowing might bedue to more availability of favorableenvironmental condition at the vegetative andreproductive phase of the crop and might bedue to better uptake of nutrients andtranslocation of photosynthates during thereproductive phase of the crop, thus increasingthe size and weight of seeds.A perusal of data indicated that the maximumweight of capitula (74.55 g) was recorded withAnnigiri-1,whereas, minimum weight ofcapitula (71.71 g plant-1) was found withsafflower cultivar NARI-6. The interactioneffect was not evident.Number of seeds capitula-1As per Table 1, the highest number of seedscapitula-1 (27.55) was obtained by the 15thOctober sown crop. It was significantlysuperior over other sowing dates followed by30th October sowing. Among the cultivars ofsafflower, the highest number of seeds percapitula (27.14) was obtained under Annigiri1, which was significantly superior overNARI-57 and NARI-6. The variation in theseyield attributing parameters of the cultivarsmight be related to inherent differences andhigh vigour in these cultivars.The mean pertaining to number of seedscapitula-1 in different treatment combinationswere subjected to statistically analyzed, whichrevealed that there was no significantdifference between combination of sowingdates and safflower cultivar (Table 1). Thesefindings confirm those of Daltalab et al.,(2013).Seed Index (g)The data (Table 1), showed that seed indexwas not influenced by sowing date. Thecultivar Annigiri-1registered the highest seedindex (4.27g) which was significantly superiorover cultivar NARI-6 and NARI-57. Theinteraction effect was not found significant(Table 1). Similar results were reported by AliReza Badri et al., (2011).Seed yield (kg ha-1)Seed yield is the most economical characterfor evaluating the superiority of the treatmentover the other. The data presented in Table 2,indicated that dates of sowing brought aboutsignificant variation in seed yield. The highestseed yield (1042 kg ha-1) was obtained under15th Octobers own crop, which wassignificantly superior over30th October and15th November sown crop. This increase inyield might be due to more yield attributesviz.; number of capitula plant-1, weight ofcapitula plant-1 (g), number of seedscapitula1and seed index.363

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 361-366Table.1 Mean comparison for experimental characteristicTreatmentsthNo ofcapitula/plantD 1 : 15 OctoberD 2 : 30th OctoberD 3 : 15th NovemberS.E. C.D. at 5%35.3334.7630.530.270.80V 1 : Annigiri-1V 2 : NARI-6V 3 : NARI-57S.E. C.D. at 5%35.3130.6234.690.351.05S.E. C.D. at 5%G.M.0.61NS33.54Weight ofcapitula/plant(g)No of 30.060.200.83NS25.820.12NS3.64Sowing 070.682.02Interaction1.18NS73.44Table.2 Mean comparision for experimental characteristicTreatmentsthD 1 : 15 OctoberD 2 : 30th OctoberD 3 : 15th NovemberS.E. C.D. at 5%V 1 : Annigiri-1V 2 : NARI-6V 3 : NARI-57S.E. C.D. at 5%S.E. C.D. at 5%G.M.Seed yield(Kg ha-1)Straw yield(Kg ha-1)Sowing Interaction40.13158.02NSNS9442863.3364Biological yield(Kg .10208.49NS3806