Chemistry And Toxicology Checklist

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MasterEvery patientdeserves theGOLD STANDARD .Chemistry and ToxicologyChecklistCAP Accreditation ProgramCollege of American Pathologists325 Waukegan RoadNorthfield, IL 60093-2750www.cap.org07.11.2011

3 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011Disclaimer and Copyright NoticeIf you are enrolled in the CAP's Laboratory Accreditation Program and are preparing for an inspection, you mustuse the Checklists that were mailed in your application or reapplication packet, not those posted on the Website. The Checklists undergo regular revision and Checklists may be revised after you receive your packet.If a Checklist has been updated since receiving your packet, you will be inspected based upon the Checkliststhat were mailed. If you have any questions about the use of Checklists in the inspection process, please e-mailthe CAP (accred@cap.org), or call (800) 323-4040, ext. 6065.The checklists used in connection with the inspection of laboratories by the Laboratory Accreditation Program ofthe College of American Pathologists have been created by the College and are copyrighted works of theCollege. The College has authorized copying and use of the checklists by College inspectors in conductinglaboratory inspections for the CLA and by laboratories that are preparing for such inspections. Except aspermitted by section 107 of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. sec. 107, any other use of the checklists constitutesinfringement of the College’s copyrights in the checklists. The College will take appropriate legal action toprotect these copyrights.All Checklists are 2011. College of American Pathologists. All rights reserved.

4 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011Chemistry and ToxicologyChecklistTABLE OF CONTENTSSUMMARY OF CHANGES. 6UNDERSTANDING THE 2010 CAP ACCREDITATION CHECKLIST COMPONENTS . 9HOW TO INSPECT USING R.O.A.D INSPECTION TECHNIQUES. 10INTRODUCTION . 11CHEMISTRY & TOXICOLOGY GENERAL ISSUES . 11QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL . 11GENERAL ISSUES . 11SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING . 13REAGENTS . 14CALIBRATION AND STANDARDS . 18CONTROLS . 28Controls – Waived Tests . 28Controls – Nonwaived Tests . 29RESULTS REPORTING. 34ANALYTIC METHODS AND PROCESSES . 35METHODS AND INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS . 36Immunoassays/Immunoanalyzers . 36Radioimmunoassays. 37Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry . 37Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) . 37Gas Chromatography (GC) . 38High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 41Mass Spectrometry (MS) . 44Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) . 46Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . 49Colorimeters, Spectrophotometers, and Fluorimeters . 51Flame Photometers. 52Equipment Maintenance . 52Glassware . 54Automatic Pipettes - Fixed Volume Adjustable and/or Micropipettes . 56Thermometers. 57Temperature-Dependent Equipment . 58Analytic Balances . 59PERSONNEL . 61LABORATORY SAFETY. 61RADIATION SAFETY . 62GENERAL CHEMISTRY . 64CHEMISTRY . 64THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING . 64SWEAT TESTING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS . 65Specimen Collection and Handling . 65Analytic Methods for Sweat Testing . 71

5 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011Reporting of Results . 72PRENATAL SCREENING . 73Test panels include: 1) Second trimester quadruple panel: maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP),unconjugated estriol (uE3), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and dimeric inhibin-A(DIA); 2) First trimester panel: total or free beta-hCG, pregnancy associated placental protein A (PAPPA), and nuchal translucency (NT); 3) Sequential and integrated panels: various combinations of firstand second trimester tests . 73Requisitions/Calculations/Reports . 74Interpretive Reporting for Maternal Screening . 80Amniotic Fluid Alpha-fetoprotein (AFAFP) . 82ELECTROPHORESIS . 85Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . 85BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS . 88SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING . 88BLOOD GAS INSTRUMENTS . 89LEGAL TESTING . 91

6 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011SUMMARY OF CHECKLIST EDITION CHANGESChemistry and Toxicology Checklist07/11/2011 EditionThe following requirements have been added, revised, or deleted in this edition of the checklist, or in the twoeditions immediately previous to this one.If this checklist was created for a reapplication, on-site inspection or self-evaluation it has been customizedbased on the laboratory's activity menu. The listing below is comprehensive; therefore some of the requirementsincluded may not appear in the customized checklist. Such requirements are not applicable to the testingperformed by the laboratory.Note: For revised checklist requirements, a comparison of the previous and current text may be found on theCAP website. Click on Laboratory Accreditation, Checklists, and then click the column marked Changes for theparticular checklist of interest.NEW Checklist CHM.17450CHM.30250CHM.31960Effective 201007/11/2011REVISED Checklist 750CHM.16850CHM.17000Effective 201106/17/201007/11/2011

7 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology TED Checklist M.25000CHM.25100CHM.25200Effective 201107/10/201107/10/201107/10/201107.11.2011

8 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology /10/201107.11.2011

9 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011UNDERSTANDING THE CAP ACCREDITATIONCHECKLIST COMPONENTSTo provide laboratories with a better means to engage in and meet their accreditation requirements, the CAPhas enhanced the checklist content and updated its design. New components containing additional informationfor both the laboratory and inspectors include Subject Headers, Declarative Statements and Evidence ofCompliance. See below for a definition of each new feature as an example of how they appear in the checklists.Using Evidence of Compliance (EOC)This component, which appears with several checklist requirements, is intended to:123Assist a laboratory in preparing for an inspection and managing ongoing complianceDrive consistent understanding of requirements between the laboratory and the inspectorProvide specific examples of acceptable documentation (policies, procedures, records, reports,charts, etc.)In addition to the Evidence of Compliance listed in the checklist, other types of documentation may beacceptable. Whenever a policy/procedure/process is referenced within a requirement, it is only repeated in theEvidence of Compliance if such statement adds clarity. All policies/procedures/processes covered in the CAPchecklists must be documented. A separate policy is not needed for each item listed in EOC as it may bereferenced in an overarching policy.

10 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011HOW TO INSPECT USING R.O.A.D INSPECTION TECHNIQUES(Read, Observe, Ask, Discover)CAP has streamlined the inspection approach used during onsite inspections and is now offering guidance toinspectors by providing assessment techniques to facilitate a more efficient, consistent, and effective inspectionprocess. Specific inspector instructions are listed at the beginning of a grouping of related requirements.Rather than reviewing each individual requirement, CAP inspectors are encouraged to focus on the InspectorInstructions for a grouping of related requirements. Once an area of concern has been identified through "Read,""Observe," "Ask," "Discover," or a combination thereof, inspectors are encouraged to "drill down" to morespecific requirements, when necessary and review more details outlined in the Evidence of Compliancestatements. If a requirement is non-compliant, circle the requirement number to later list on the InspectorSummation Report. Inspectors may also make notes in the margins of the checklist document.Inspector Instructions and Icons used to evaluate a laboratory's performance now appear in several areasthroughout the Inspector Checklists. Please note that all four R.O.A.D elements are not always applicable foreach grouping, or sections of related requirements.Inspector Instructions:READ/review a sampling of laboratory documents. Information obtained from this review will beuseful as you observe processes and engage in dialogue with the laboratory staff.(Example of the complimentary inspector instructions for Quality Management/Quality ControlGeneral Issues section appearing across checklists): Sampling of QM/QC policies and procedures Incident/error log and corrective actionOBSERVE laboratory practices by looking at what the laboratory personnel are actually doing andnote if practice deviates from the documented policies/procedures.(Example) Observe the settings/QC range limits established in the laboratory LIS/HIS to ensure that thelaboratory's stated ranges are accurately reflectedASK open-ended, probing questions that start with phrases such as "tell me about." or "whatwould you do if." This approach can be a means to corroborate inspection findings that wereexamined by other techniques, such as Read & Observe. Ask follow-up questions for clarification.Include a variety of staff levels in your communication process.(Example) As a staff member, what is your involvement with quality management? How do you detect and correct laboratory errors?DISCOVER is a technique that can be used to "drill down" or further evaluate areas of concernuncovered by the inspector. "Follow the specimen" and "teach me" are two examples ofDiscovery. Utilizing this technique will allow for the discovery of pre-analytic, analytic, and postanalytic processes while reviewing multiple requirements simultaneously.(Example) Select several occurrences in which QC is out of range and follow documentation todetermine if the steps taken follow the laboratory policy for corrective action

11 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist07.11.2011INTRODUCTIONThis Checklist is intended for comprehensive clinical chemistry testing, including blood gas analysis andtoxicology.An inspection of a laboratory section, or department will include the discipline-specific checklist(s), theLaboratory General Checklist, and the All Common Checklist (COM).In response to the ongoing request to reduce the redundancy within the Accreditation Checklists, the CAPaccreditation program is introducing the All Common Checklist.The purpose of the All Common Checklist is to group together those requirements that were redundant inLaboratory General and the discipline-specific checklists. Therefore, the CAP centralized all requirementsregarding: proficiency testing, procedure manuals, test method validation, and critical results into one Checklistthe COM checklist.Certain requirements in this checklist are now different for waived tests, versus nonwaived tests. Please refer tothe checklist sections on Quality Management; Reagents; Calibration and Standards; and Controls. The currentlist of tests waived under CLIA may be found s/cfClia/analyteswaived.cfm.Note for non-US laboratories: Checklist requirements apply to non-US laboratories unless the checklist itemscontain a specific disclaimer of exclusion.CHEMISTRY & TOXICOLOGY GENERAL ISSUESQUALITY MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROLGENERAL ISSUESInspector Instructions: Sampling of AM/QC policies and proceduresQM/QC program, including pre-analytic, analytic and post-analytic monitor records andcorrective action when indicators do not meet thresholdIncident/error log and corrective actionRecords of high school graduate high complexity test review by supervisor How do you evaluate data on the incident/error log? How do you determine appropriatecorrective action?As a staff member, what is your involvement with quality management?How do you detect and correct laboratory errors? Follow an incident identified on the incident/error log and follow actions including notification

12 of 97Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist CHM.1050007.11.2011and resolutionSelect several problems identified by the QM plan and follow tracking and corrective action.Determine if the methods used led to discovery and effective correction of the problem.Documented QM/QC PlanPhase IIThe chemistry laboratory has a written quality management/quality control (QM/QC)program.NOTE: The program must ensure quality throughout the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic(reporting) phases of testing, including patient identification and preparation; specim

Chemistry and Toxicology Checklist 07.11.2011 INTRODUCTION This Checklist is intended for comprehensive clinical chemistry testing, including blood gas analysis and toxicology. An inspection of a laboratory section, or department will include the discipline-specific checklist(s), the Laboratory General Checklist, and the All Common Checklist (COM).

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