THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING: REPORT AND ANALYSIS

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THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING: REPORT AND ANALYSISOKLAHOMA CITY FIRE DEPARTMENTExecutive Summary .Acknowledgments .Report from Fire Chief Gary Marrs .OCFD Field Strength .The Murrah Building .Response .Initial Rescues .Bomb Scare .Interagency Response .Law enforcement .Other agencies .Personnel ID System .FEMA .Key Lessons Learned and Reinforced .Rescue Command .Rescue Command Components .Size-up .Strategic Goal .Search and Rescue Tactics .Hazard AssessmenVStructural Stability .Personnel Considerations .Lessons Learned and Reinforced .Rescue Operations: Doing Battle with the Building .Size-up and Reconnaissance .Bomb Scare .Gaining Control .Day One, Afternoon and Evening .Day Two .Day Three .Day Four .Day Five .Days Six, Seven, and Eight .Days Nine, 10, and 1 1 .The Final Days .The Final Search .Lessons Learned and Reinforced .Collapse Considerations .B-1 1 1B-1 13B- 1 13B- 1 13B-1 13B- 1 14B- 1 14B- 1 1 5B-1 16B- 1 16B- 1 16B- 1 17B- 1 17B- 120B- 122B- 122B- 1 22B- 1 24B- 124B- 125B- 1 26B-1 26B-128B- 128B- 13 1B-1 3 1B- 134B- 1 35B- 136B- 1 38B- 1 38B- 139B- 140B-140B-141B- 14 1B- 142Structure Area Nicknames . B- 143

The Forest .The Cave .The Slab from Hell o r The Mother Slab .The Pit .The Christmas Tree .The Bowl .Australia .The Basement .Widow Makers .EMS Response a n d Command .Establishing EMS Command .Health a n d Safety Issues .Lessons Learned .Dispatch .Tool Use .Initial Response Equipment .Cellular p h o n e s .Lighting .Shears. cutters. a n d spreaders .Saws .Extinguishers/pump cans .Cutters .Buckets .Wheelbarrows .Sledgehammers .Prybars .Army shovels .Ropes .Shoring a n d Cribbing Equipment .Cutting Concrete to Reach Victims .Lessons Learned .OCFD Logistics .Lessons Learned a n d Reinforced .Working with t h e Media .Briefings .The Building .Lessons Learned .Treating t h e Mind: CISD .Defusings .Prebriefings .A11 Received CISD .Supporting a Fractured Building .Types of Shores Erected .Flying raker .Solid-sole raker .Vertical shores .Laced posts .Vertical void shores .Box cribbing .Pipe shores .B- 143B-144B-144B-144B- 145B-145B- 145B- 145B-146B- 146B- 146B- 148B-148B-1 50B- 151B- 151B- 151B- 151B- 151B-1 5 1B- 152B-1 52B- 152B- 152B- 152B- 152B- 152B- 152B- 152B-1 53 3-1 53B- 154B- 155B- 156B- 156B- 157B-1 57B- 157B- 158B- 158B- 158B- 159B-1 59B- 159B- 159B-159B-160B- 160B- 160B-160

Column bracing .Wedges .Lumber Used in the Incident .USAR Task Force Logistics .Arrival .Setting Up .Community Support .Challenges .Rescue Equipment .Breaching Concrete .Shoring .Structural Engineers .Search .Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations .General Observations .Biohazards .Dogs .Asbestos .Carbon Monoxide .USAR Communications .Problems .The System .Creating a Road Map for Body Recovery .D-MORT Teams .Oklahoma City Fire Department Organizational Chart .Oklahoma City Fire Department Fire Stations .Oklahoma City Fire Department Lessons Learned .Red Shift First In Companies .B-160B- 160B- 162B- 162B- 162B- 163B- 163B- 164B- 164B- 166B- 166B- 166B- 167B- 168B- 168B- 168B- 168B- 168B- 169B- 169B- 169B- 170B- 170B- 173B- 174B- 175B- 176B- 180

THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING: REPORT AND ANALYSISOklahoma City Fire DepartmentExecutive SummaryA bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Office Building Wednesday,April 19, 1995,at 9:02a.m. in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The explosion wascause

THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING: REPORT AND ANALYSIS Oklahoma City Fire Department Executive Summary A bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Fed- eral Office Building Wednesday, April 19, 1995,

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