Guidelines For Trail Planning, Design And Management
Guidelines for trail planning,design and managementA toolkit for state and local governmentagencies, community groups and investorson how to plan, manage and marketexceptional trail experiences.
AcknowledgementsThese guidelines have been prepared with the support of the nine local governments within Barwon South West Region,Great Ocean Road Regional Tourism as well as the Regional Development Australia, Regional Development Victoria andParks Victoria.Southern GrampiansS H I R EC O U N C I LPhotos:Tourism VictoriaTourism AustraliaGreat Walks of Australia –The Great Ocean Walk by BothfeetTraditional Owner acknowledgmentTrails across the State of Victoria traverse the traditional landsof many Aboriginal groups. The land has special culturalsignificance for the Traditional Owners who have always hada spiritual relationship with their country. This relationshipremains strong and important to the people today. Theagencies responsible for producing theses guidelines recogniseand respect the connection between Traditional Ownersand their country.The project team wishes to acknowledgeTRC Tourism Pty Ltd for their assistancein the development of the Guidelines.P (61) 02 6456 2722 F (61) 02 6456 2422E enquiries@trctourism.com2GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
ContentsIntroduction 4What is a recreational trail? What and who are these guidelines for? Structure of these guidelines Steps in the trail planning and design process Trail planning and design checklist 44567PART A – TRAIL PLANNING GUIDELINES 9PART B – DETAILED DESIGN GUIDELINES 39Element 8 Trail classification and standards 408.18.28.38.48.54040404142Introduction Australian walking track grading system Cycling standards Standards for rail trails Standards for mountain bike trails Element 1 Background and guiding principles 10Element 9 Building successful trails 431.1 Why have recreational trails? 1.2 Different types of trails 1.3 Understanding the principles for trail planning andmanagement in Barwon South West 1.4 Different types of trail experiences 1010Element 2 Legislation and policy verview of planning framework Victoria’s Planning scheme Zones and overlays Coastal public land Native vegetation removal Other relevant legislation Element 3 Trail concept and feasibility planning 3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.8111621Introduction 21Preparing a trail project plan 21Identify project partners 21Endorsement from local government and land managers 21Undertake community engagement 21Decision to proceed 22Feasibility study 22Leveraging funding and investment 23Introduction Trail systems Single or shared‑use Designing sustainable trails Maximum sustainable trail grades Gathering information Identifying control points Sustainable trails follow the contours Grade reversals Trail flow Trail surface Surface water control Watercourse crossings Low lying and boggy terrain Designing cycling paths Designing coastal trails Designing urban trails Managing user conflicts Other support facilities Toilets Camping Element 10 Maintaining successful trails 5353535757Element 4 Management models 254.1 Introduction 4.2 Partnership agreements 252510.110.210.310.4Element 5 Marketing and branding 29Element 11 Education and interpretation 585.1 Communication planning 5.2 Marketing to visitors 5.3 Marketing to locals 29303011.1 Planning trail interpretation 11.2 Producing interpretive panels 5859Element 12 Orientation and safety 6012.112.212.312.460606061Element 6 Community and stakeholder engagement 346.1 Introduction 6.2 Planning your approach 3434Element 7 Monitoring and review 377.17.23737Introduction Recommended approach Introduction Trail management plan Hazard assessment Plant diseases and weeds Using signs to communicate Sign systems Walking track classification and signage Sign plans Appendices 65References 74GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT3
IntroductionWhat is arecreational trail?What and who arethese guidelines for?The Victorian Trails Strategy 2014-2024defines a trail as “an established path,route or track which often traversesnatural areas and is used by peoplefor non-motorised recreation, such aswalking, running, cycling and mountainbike and horse riding”.While it is acknowledged that theBarwon South West region has a strongand varied network of trails, thereare many aspects of the existing trailsystem that can be improved throughenhancements to trail design, betterlinkages between trails and othercommunity assets and attractions,consistent trail policy, management,marketing and support for on-goingdevelopment of the network.In most cases, recreational trails areused for non-motorised recreationalpursuits such as walking, cycling,horse riding, canoeing or scuba diving.However, in some circumstances,trails can be designed for use by smallwheeled vehicles such as motorisedwheelchairs to enable access for peoplewith mobility impairments.The Barwon South West region has amix of trails and mountain bike hubs andthe landscapes and environments withinwhich these trails sit vary significantly.They include urban areas, native forests,pine plantations, areas of high rainfall,seasonal watercourses and ruggedcoastlines. Importantly, the majorityof trails are focused around areas ofenvironmental and cultural interest ornear major population centres.Trail users are becoming morediscerning and have high expectationsabout their trail experience, whichmeans that quality infrastructure andservices and marketing and promotionactivities are becoming increasinglyimportant and the user experience iscentral to each element of trail designand management.These guidelines have been preparedto provide a comprehensive andcoordinated document to assist theplanning, development, construction,management, and promotion ofregional trails in the Barwon SouthWest Region.The trails are key attractions fordomestic and international visitors andsupport healthy lifestyles of the region’slocal communities.4GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENTThe guidelines will be of particularinterest and assistance to: parks and reserve managers(e.g., local councils and stategovernment departments) trail builders including volunteergroups trail managers trail users clubs and associations that use trails owners of land through whichtrails pass.
Structure ofthese guidelinesThese guidelines have been structuredinto 12 chapters.Chapters 1 – 7 (Part A) provide aconcise overview of trail categoriesand types of users, and information onthe legislative and strategic planningcontext for planning, developing andmanaging trails in Barwon SouthWest region. These chapters ‘set thescene’ for the chapters 8 – 12 (Part B)which provide more specific detail andguidance for new trail proposals andthe maintenance of existing trails.It is recognised that not all of thecontent within these guidelines willbe relevant for every new or existingtrail. Rather, it is intended that thereader will select what they needfrom the information presented andseek additional information from thereferences provided.Part A. Trail Planning GuidelinesThe planning guidelines contribute to the development of exceptionaltrail experiences by assisting agencies, investors and groups to considerall aspects of trail planning at the initial concept stage including guidingprinciples, legislative and policy framework, feasibility assessment, communityengagement, governance arrangements, marketing and branding as well asmonitoring and review mechanisms.ELEMENT 1 – Background and guiding principlesELEMENT 2 – Legislation and policyELEMENT 3 – Trail concept and feasibility planningELEMENT 4 – Management modelsELEMENT 5 – Marketing and brandingELEMENT 6 – Community and stakeholder engagementELEMENT 7 – Monitoring and reviewPart B. Detailed Design GuidelinesThe design guidelines build on the planning guidelines and provide advice onhow to apply the relevant standards and design principles to develop, manageand maintain high quality trails.ELEMENT 8 – Trail classification and standardsELEMENT 9 – Building successful trailsELEMENT 10 – Maintaining successful trailsELEMENT 11 – Education and interpretationELEMENT 12 – Orientation and safetyGUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT5
Steps in the trail planning and design processThese guidelines have been developed around the trail planning and design process outlined in Figure 1. The trail planning anddesign checklist on the next page also provides a useful reference to ensure all steps are undertaken.Figure 1: Trail Planning – A step by step process that can be applied to differing scale trail planning initiativesPART A – TRAIL PLANNINGTRAIL IDEA CONCEPT DEVELOPMENTUnderstand user needsLink to strategic business plans and policyIdentify partnerships and responsibilitiesEstimate costs and who is to payIdentify land management and approval processAssess land and environmental suitabilityExplore and identify funding opportunities Establish user/stakholder reference groupIdentify trail values, project vision and trail signatureIdentify category of trailFinalise project vision and trail classificationsPrepare concept plans and mapsDevelop solid business case and feasibilitySeek land managers agreementPART B – DETAILED DESIGNDETAILED DESIGN Finalise trail grades and trailinfrastructure requirementsDevelop whole of trail life planincluding maintenanceEngage expertise of professionaltrail planner/designerFlag the trail corridor on groundand GPS the planned routeFinalise trail branding, trailsignature and marketingDevelop monitoring programProduce draft plan forconsultationFormalise approvals/permits riskassessment processAPPROVALS Review feedback from consultationReview costs, time and qualityagainst vision, budget andproject planFinalise lifecycle maintenance planConfirm costings andresponsibilities for maintenanceFinalise implementation planSeek approving authority approvalIMPLEMENTATION Construction, publicinformation and marketingphaseIdentify suitable projectmanagerEngage competentand highly skilled trailconstruction contractor,staff or suitable volunteerpartnership depending onproject scaleEngage users and stakeholders early – develop engagement plan – engage throughout planning and beyond6GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Trail planning and design checklistThe following checklist can be used for planning and constructing trails in Barwon South West Region. The content of theseguidelines provide guidance under each of the major headings.Checklist for trail planning, design and management for Barwon South West Region1. Guiding Principles (Element 1)Ensure the trail is sustainable and user focusedIdentify the trail category and characteristics of the trailDefine the user experience2. Legislative and policy requirements (Element 2)Check legislative and strategic context of trail3. Trail concept and feasibility planning (Elements 3–7)Identify the target marketUndertake preliminary consultation with land manager, local council and relevant Government agenciesPrepare a project planIdentify potential partnersAssess the supply and demand for recreational trails in the areaSeek ‘in-principle’ endorsement from land manager, local council and relevant Government agenciesUndertake consultation with the community and users (Element 5)Decision to proceed with feasibility assessmentPrepare Feasibility Study:Determine the need of the trailIdentify likely patterns of usage and needs of user groups including infrastructure such as toilets etcProvide details of planning process including required approvalsIdentify connections and linkages to other trails, facilities and tourist attractionsIdentify partnerships, funding options and management model (Element 4)Estimate likely community supportAddress environmental mattersAddress cultural and heritage considerationsUndertake on-ground assessmentPrepare concept designConsider management and maintenance matters (Element 10)Estimate the likely cost of construction and ongoing managementIdentify funding opportunities and commercial partners (Element 4)Conclusion – is the trail feasible or not?Seek in principle approval from land managers and other relevant authorities4. Detailed Design (Element 8 and 9)Determine the trail system – loop or linear?Confirm classificationConfirm if single or shared useTick P GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT7
Checklist for trail planning, design and management for Barwon South West RegionIdentify the route of the trail on a topographical mapDetermine the surface of the trailFollow the contoursEnsure erosion controlAvoid areas of environmental and cultural significanceConsider safety issues (Element 12)Determine trail markers and information signage (Element 11 and 12)Consider other facilities such as toilets, shelters etc5. Management and maintenance (Elements 7 and 10)Confirm partnership agreementsDevelop management plan and maintenance schedule (Element 10)Monitor and evaluate the trail (Element 7)6. Marketing, communications and interpretation planningPrepare communications plan and marketing strategy (Element 5 and 6)Prepare interpretation plan (Element 11)Confirm signage system and develop signage plan (Elements 11 and 12)7. Obtain ApprovalsUndertake environmental assessments as requiredObtain formal approval from land manager / ownerObtain required development approvals from the local councilObtain necessary permits from government agencies8GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENTTick P
PART A –Trail Planning GuidelinesThese guidelines contribute to the development of exceptional trailexperiences by assisting agencies, investors and groups to consider allaspects of trail planning at the initial concept stage including guidingprinciples, legislative and policy framework, feasibility assessment,community engagement, governance arrangements, marketing andbranding as well as monitoring and review mechanisms.ELEMENT 1ELEMENT 2ELEMENT 3ELEMENT 4ELEMENT 5ELEMENT 6ELEMENT 7Backgroundand guidingprinciplesLegislationand policyTrailconcept gand reviewPAGE 10PAGE 16PAGE 22PAGE 27PAGE 31PAGE 36PAGE 39GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT9
ELEMENT 1ELEMENT 2ELEMENT 3ELEMENT 4ELEMENT 5ELEMENT 6ELEMENT 7Backgroundand guidingprinciplesLegislationand policyTrailconcept gand reviewElement 1PART A – Trail Planning GuidelinesBackground and guiding principles1.1 Why haverecreational trails?The demand for recreational trails isgrowing. National physical activitytrends indicate that participation inunstructured recreational activitiesis increasing. Walking for exercise isalready the most popular recreationalactivity in the region and cycling thefourth most popular of fifty differentrecreational activities.Recreational trails offer a diverse rangeof benefits to our communities and theenvironment. Social health, physicalfitness, environmental managementand awareness, cultural preservationand the economy can all benefit fromthe effects and experiences offered byrecreational trails. The main benefitscan be summarised as follows: Community and social benefits –providing opportunities for familiesand friends to enjoy time togetherand enhancing quality of life Economic benefits – increasedtourism revenues, greaterbusiness investment andenhanced property values Educational benefits – providingan outdoor classroom for nature,culture and history Environment benefits – enhancedenvironmental awareness, improvedunderstanding of our naturalheritage, and stewardship of theenvironment Health and fitness benefits –improved health and physicalwell-being for both individuals andcommunities, reduced health carecosts, and enhanced productivityHeritage and cultural benefits– recognition and respectfor Aboriginal culture andhistorical valuesTransportation benefits – greenertransportation and commuting useof trails contributing to reducedgreenhouse gas emissions andimproved health and wellnessof individuals.Further information – Benefits of Recreational TrailsTrails contribute to community health and wellbeing by improving the liveability of communities and attracting visitors.They are also recognised for providing opportunities for significant economic, business, employment and tourism growth.Follow the links for more information:http://www.ausport.gov.au/ data/assets/pdf file/0018/436122/ERASS Report 2010.PDFhttp://www.transport.vic.gov.au/ data/assets/pdf .co.uk/intelligence-guides1.2 Different types of trailsThe Victorian Trails Strategy 2014–20241 seeks to develop a number ofwell-developed trails and tourism products that will be sufficiently competitive toattract the interest of international and domestic markets and provide benefits forcommunities. This means that the trails need to be carefully planned to meet theexpectation of consumers or users.The strategy establishes three categories for trails based on their significanceas (i) local/regional (ii) state or (iii) national/international trails (refer Table 1).The trail categories are determined by characteristics that focus on the trail’sability to demonstrate sustainability, experiential quality, attraction to visitors,generation of economic benefits and contribution to the lifestyle, health andsocial well-being of Victorians.The consumer expectations and infrastructure requirements associated with eachtrail category are described in Table 2 together with the standards prescribed bythe Australian Walking Track Grading System (refer Element 8).110State of Victoria 2014, Victorian Trails Strategy 2014–2024GUIDELINES FOR TRAIL PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
ELEMENT 1ELEMENT 2ELEMENT 3ELEMENT 4ELEMENT 5ELEMENT 6ELEMENT 7Backgroundand guidingprinciplesLegislationand policyTrailconcept gand reviewPrior to the consideration of a new trailsinitiative – either improving an existingtrail or constructing a new one – it isimportant to ensure that the proposalis both sustainable and accessible.Adherence to these two ‘guidingprinciples’ will assist in attractinga desired user group, minimise thelikelihood of environmental damage andmaximise opportunities for funding.SustainableIt is fundamentally important thattrails are socially, economically andenvironmentally sustainable. It isvital, therefore, that high qualityrecreational experiences are developedin landscapes that are capable ofsupporting them. The conservationand enhancement of natural areas,protection of biodiversity and raisingenvironmental awareness shouldunderpin the development of the trailnetwork. This can be achieved throughappropriate trail design, locationselection and ongoing management.Trails must also be economically andsocially sustainable.The development of our trails must alsotake into account the sensitivities anddesires of our local communities.A strong focus on engagementis essential – trail users and thelocal community are central to traildevelopment. A strategic and plannedapproach to engagement will enableeffective debate and collaboration andgenerate trust, goodwill and contributeto ongoing support.In order to achieve a network ofsustainable trails, it may be necessaryto review the location, design,management and use of existing trailsprior to the consideration of new trailprojects.Accessible and userfocussedIntertwined with the objective ofsustainability is the need for trailsto be accessibl
The design guidelines build on the planning guidelines and provide advice on how to apply the relevant standards and design principles to develop, manage and maintain high quality trails. ELEMENT 8 – Trail classification and standards ELEMENT 9 – Building successful trails EL
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