Amazing Mesopotamia - Randallsarmy.weebly

2y ago
65 Views
2 Downloads
889.75 KB
7 Pages
Last View : 1m ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Maleah Dent
Transcription

Amazing MesopotamiaSouthwest Asia (Middle East) Geography1.Most of Southwest Asia has an Aridclimate today. An Arid climate receives lessthan 10 inches of precipitation (rain, sleet,or snow). Arid areas are usually covered indesert and often experience very hightemperatures. This region was not alwayscovered in desert. Ancient Mesopotamiawas a green land where many plants grewdue to the rich soil and occasional rain. Therich plant life allowed many animals to livein this region. People living here hunted andgathered the animals and plants. AncientMesopotamia and the surrounding area isoften called the Fertile Crescent or the Cradle of Civilization. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers supplied freshwater for humans, plants, and animals. Eventually these rivers would provide irrigation for the farms of thefirst civilization in human history. The word Mesopotamia is Greek for 'land between rivers'.2. Around 8,000 BCE (BC), people began to slowlydiscover that planting a seed would make a newplant grow—the beginning of farming! The mainreason farming probably began in this region isbecause Southwest Asia had several types of wildgrain that can be farmed—we still use them today!The slow process of taking a plant from the wildand turning it into a farm crop is calleddomestication. For example, corn wasdomesticated in Mexico around 7000 BCE (BC).Farmers in Mesopotamia grew barley, wheat,lentils, chickpeas, onions, garlic, dates, andlettuce. Not every plant can be domesticated.Southwest Asia had more wild plants that could be domesticated than any other region, and they had the sameadvantage when it came to animals. 13 out of the 14 main domesticated animals today were native to Southwest Asia.Native means originally from a particular area. People in Mesopotamia domesticated sheep, goats, cows, donkey, oxen,and pigs.

3. It is believed that people first began farming around 8000 BCE. Southwest Asia was the first place farmingdeveloped. Farming produces much more food than hunting and gathering because a few farmers can grow enoughfood for an entire village. Since farming requires constant attention, farming people couldn’t be nomadic. Nomadicpeople don't have a permanent home, so farming forced people to settle down and live in one place. These newfarmers usually settled along a river for the fresh water and fertile soil, in this case the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.Slowly, more people moved into these areas and villages or small towns began to develop. The world’s first cities mayhave developed as early as 10,000 BCE—in Damascus or Jericho. However, these individual cities do not qualify as acivilization. A civilization means several cities and usually a common culture between all of the cities. Mesopotamia isdifferent than most civilizations since they develop city-states. A city-state is a nation that is only onecity. Mesopotamia was a collection of cities, and they shared many aspects of culture.Mesopotamia's First Civilization—Sumer4. Around 3500 BCE, people were growing more food than theyneeded, which allowed the division of labor. People were living inmultiple cities with governments and religions. A written languagedeveloped around 3300 BCE—civilization is official! The firstcivilization to develop was called Sumer in southern Mesopotamia.Sumer was a collection of city-states, most of them with thickdefensive walls because the city-states were often at war with oneanother. Major cities included Eridu, Uruk, Ur, and Lagash. Urukwas one of the largest cities; at one time it may have had 80,000people living in and around the city. This time period began a greathuman migration from the countryside into the city.5. Mesopotamia invented new technology. They were the first touse the wheel. The wagon was a transportation revolution forfarming and trade. They developed a number system based on 60-this explains why we have 60 seconds in minute and 60 minutes inan hour. They used a 12 month calendar with a 7 dayweek. Astronomers studied the stars an mapped the first set of constellations. Early writers wrote the earliest knownliterature called the Epic of Gilgamesh, which tells the tale of the struggle between man and the Gods. They alsocreated architectural structures such as the dome, the column, and the arch. Architecture is the art of buildingstructures (buildings of any kind). All that remains today of most Mesopotamian architecture are mounds of dirt andclay called a tell--broken mud-brick buildings in modern-day Iraq. This is why the architecture of Mesopotamia is hardto find today. The mud-bricks have eroded away, but archeologists have uncovered amazing artifacts under the rublethat tell the story of these ancient people. A tell is also a good place to look for graves. We have learned a great dealabout Mesopotamia and other civilizations from exploring their burial grounds.

6. Sumer was not the only group to develop in Mesopotamia, but their culture influenced future civilizations. Thegovernment was organized around one king, the man dominated the household, and their religion believed in somekind of afterlife. Their culture had social classes—groups of people with similar backgrounds, wealth, and ways ofliving. Social classes were formed when people began doing different jobs. The jobs made them live in different ways,wear different cloths, and earn different amounts of wealth. All of these culture characteristics would be passed on.7. In Sumer, the city became the center of trade, religious, and social life. The city layout reflected the rank ofdeveloping social classes. At the center of each town was a religious temple called a ziggurat. Palaces for the king'sfamily surrounded the temple. Homes and shops for government workers, scribes, and craftsman surrounded the royalpalaces. Smaller houses were usually found on the outsides of the city, but still in the large defensive walls thatsurrounded the city. Narrow alleys and small streets divided the houses.8. The religion was slightly different in each city-state, but all of them were polytheistic. Polytheism is the belief inmany Gods. They believed the Earth was a flat disc and the sky had holes that showed the light of heaven above. Theybelieved their kings descended from the Gods. They buried their important people with their personal belongings andsometimes their servants. One grave had nearly 70 servants who were buried with their leader.

9. Over five thousand years ago, people living inMesopotamia developed a form of writing to recorddifferent types of information. The earliest writing wasbased on pictures that represent words or phrases—these are called pictograms. Pictograms were used tocommunicate basic information about crops, taxes, andlending (loans). This type of writing required hundredsof symbols. Over several hundred years, the picturesdeveloped into a type of writing we call cuneiform.Cuneiform was different because the symbols nowstood for sounds, similar to our alphabet. At somepoint scribes began using a new wedge-shaped tool topress into the wet clay tablets. Paper had not beeninvented so they wrote on wet clay tablets. Scribeswere the only people who knew how to read andwrite. Over thousands of years, Mesopotamianscribes recorded daily events, trade, astronomy,and literature on clay tablets. The first alphabetwould develop around 1000 BCE by a differentcivilization along the Mediterranean calledPhoenicia. All modern alphabets can be tracedback to this extremely important development inwriting.10. The countryside farmers grew food for themselves and everyone in the city. In this dry region they depended onthe regular flooding of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers. They used careful irrigation to save water in pools and canals tokeep for later use during dry times. Irrigation is a way to water fields without rain. Most of the farmers grew grain cropssuch as barley or wheat. These wild grasses produced grains that could be ground up to make flour for bread. Peas,garlic, onions, dates, and figs were also grown. The crops were brought to the temple to be stored or to market fortrade or sale. Over the next several thousand years, Sumerian civilization influenced the surrounding area. New citystates rose to power in the region such as Akkad, Babylon and Assyria. Each of these cities grew into empires as theyconquered the surrounding area and constantly fought each other.Babylonia11. Babylonia came into power when King Hammurabi created an empire out of the former kingdoms of Sumer andAkkad. Babylonia gets its name from their capital city, Babylon. Babylon is probably the most famous city in AncientMesopotamia because of its regular mentions in Jewish and Christian religious writings.

12. Babylon became known for impressive architecture and its laws and government. A Babylonian king namedNebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the SevenWonders of the Ancient World. Nebuchadnezzar II supposedly built these around 600 BC because his wife missed theforests and jungles of her home. The gardens didn’t actually hang—they were simply built on top of towers, platforms,and temples. The plants hung down the side and gave an appearance of “hanging” plants. Hammurabi is also knownfor creating a system of laws called the “Code of Hammurabi” that has had a lasting influence on legal thought. Onlyone example of the Code survives today on a seven foot, four inch tall basalt stone slab. The Code is consideredan early form of what is now known as a constitution. There are 282 laws in the Code of Hammurabi. AfterHammurabi, Babylon was conquered by the Assyrians and controlled for centuries until they finally recaptured andincreased their empire in 627 BCEAssyria and Persia13. Assyria was in the Upper Tigris River in modern day Iraq and Turkey. They were apowerful military empire that came to rule a large empire, including Ancient Egypt, anumber of times in history. The main Assyrian cities of the middle period were Ashur,Kalhu (Nimrud) and Nineveh. The Assyrian empire has been described as the first militarypower in history. Assyrians were the first to manufacture metal wheels, which was muchmore durable and therefore able to be used in war. The core of the Assyrian army wastheir war-chariots. The Assyrians were also the first to use camels in war.

14. Persia became a powerful empire when they defeated Assyria. Persians gained control of most of Mesopotamiaand even Ancient Egypt, and created the largest empire in the ancient world. Persia developed in modern dayIran. Persia controlled an area that stretched from the Indus River (Pakistan) to beyond the Nile. The Persian RoyalRoad was an ancient highway that allowed rapid communication throughout this very large empire. Messengers onhorseback could travel the 1,677 miles in seven days; it took ninety days on foot. The road also helped Persia increaselong distance trade and eventually became a major part of the Silk Road.15. Persia was a major contributor to early science. Persian scientists worked on understanding nature, medicine,mathematics, and philosophy. Persians made important contributions to algebra and chemistry. Zoroastrianism was amajor religion found in ancient Persia as early as 5000 BC. Zoroastrianism was one of the first monotheistic religion—orbelief in only 1 god. Zoroastrianism greatly influenced the Abrahamic religions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Abouta quarter of a million people still follow this religion. Judaism developed near the Mediterranean around the sametime. Judaism would eventually give rise to Christianity and Islam.16. The epic of Gilgamesh is the longest and oldest written story. View the YouTube video on the class website. Writeof summary of this super hero zationsforkids/ancient-iraq-mesopotamia

Amazing Mesopotamia Southwest Asia (Middle East) Geography 1. Most of Southwest Asia has an Arid climate today. An Arid climate receives less than 10 inches of precipitation (rain, sleet, or snow). Arid areas are usually covered in desert and often experience very high temperatures. This reg

Related Documents:

The name Mesopotamia means “between the rivers.” The land of Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Because there was water nearby, the land was good for farming. Farmers grew the food that fed the people of Mesopotamia, including those who lived in the cities. The Land Between Two Rivers. The kings of Mesopotamia

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- AKKADIAN EMPIRE The Akkadian Empire was the first Empire to rule all of Mesopotamia. It lasted about 200 years from 2300 BC to 2100 BC. Originally the Sumerians lived in the southern part of Mesopotamia and the Akkadians lived in the northern part. They had similar governments and cultures, but spoke different languages.

Considered a River Valley Civilization. Mesopotamia Geography The rivers would overflow, leaving . development of to politics and civilizations. Mesopotamia marked by frequent change. Mesopotamia Geography and Development The first phase of Mesopotamia’s political history . Early

Uterus – Emotions, Louise Hay 23 . AMAZING HEALTH, AMAZING LIFE – LEVEL 2 How to Use Chinese Reflexology to Heal Your Body and Transform Your Life! You will enjoy good health. - Fortune Cookie Saying . How to Use Chinese Reflexology to Heal Your Body and Transform Your Life! AMAZING HEALTH, AMAZING LIFE – LEVEL 2

10. Amazing Reminders should be installed to the Amazing Charts folder. If you installed Amazing Charts to the default location, you can just click Next. (If you installed Amazing Charts to a non-default location, click Change and navigate to the Amazing Charts folder and then click Next.) 11. Finally, click Install.

Amazing Wedding Package - 2020/2021 Amazing Wedding Package The Facts Following the success of our Amazing Wedding Package within our portfolio we have decided to open our diaries with an Amazing Wedding Package for our remaining dates in 2020 & 2021. The package price is 39.99 for 2020 & 2021, however we charge supplements for Saturdays from

the map on pages 78–79.) Mesopotamia The region where these two rivers flow is called Mesopotamia (MEHS uh puh TAY mee uh). The name means “land between the rivers.” This land was mostly flat with small, scrubby plants. The rivers provided water and means of travel. In ancient times, it was easier to travel by boat than over .

pengantar anatomi dan fisiologi ami rachmi 15 juli 2011 doc.ami.prodi tw.2011. peraturan 1. toleransi waktu 10 menit 2. hp vibrasi 3. tidak makan dan minum 4. pakaian rapih, sopan, tidak memakai sandal 5. bila tidak hadir memberitahu langsung dosen, surat doc.ami.prodi tw.2011. anatomi berasal dari bahasa latin yaitu, * ana : bagian, memisahkan * tomi (tomie) : iris/ potong anatomi adalah ilmu .