Data-Informed Community-Focused Policing
Data-InformedCommunity-Focused Policingin the Los Angeles Police DepartmentCHIEF OF POLICE MICHEL R. MOORE
To the people of Los Angeles:[we are] committed todeepening your trust byensuring we are a departmentthat is highly visible, accessibleand responsive-policing withpurpose, compassionand partnerships.EditorialAUTHORSMichael HackmanPolice Officer IIIOffice of OperationsStephanie BrianoPolice Officer IIIOffice of OperationsDaniel MedinaPolice Officer IIIOffice of OperationsMichael BoyllsDetective IIOffice of OperationsMichael P. RimkunasCommanderAssistant to the DirectorOffice of OperationsBrittany ElenesPolice Officer IIIOffice of OperationsChristine Stout-GuttillaSergeant IIOffice of OperationsHayley SmithLieutenant IIOffice of OperationsBrent MarantoPolice Officer IIOffice of OperationsMonique ValenzuelaSergeant IIOffice of OperationsKelly MunizLieutenant IIOffice of OperationsAlbert HoangPolice Officer IIOffice of OperationsDavid GameroDetective IOffice of OperationsMichel R. MooreChief of PoliceRobert N. ArcosAssistant ChiefDirectorOffice of OperationsGRAPHIC DESIGNBoris QuintanillaPolice Officer IIIInformation Technology BureauPHOTOGRAPHYKevin PellonPolice Officer IICritical Incident Review DivisionChief Michel R. MooreUpon appointment to position of Chief of Policeof the Los Angeles Police Department, June 28, 2018D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T3
OurMissionThe Department’s mission is to safeguard the livesand property of the people we serve, to reduce theincidence and fear of crime, and to enhance publicsafety while working with our diverse communitiesto improve their quality of life. Our mandate is todo so with honor and integrity, while at all timesconducting ourselves with the highest ethicalstandards to maintain public confidence.4D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N TContents6Foreword: From the Chief7Chapter 1. Purpose10Chapter 2. Data-Informed,Community-Focused PolicingThe Los Angeles Police Department is committed tobuilding off the successes of Data-Informed, CommunityFocused Policing in order to build trust and confidencewhile advancing public safety for all Angelenos.Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing focuseson police officers working closely with the communitymembers to identify problems, solve them, and assessour success.20Chapter 5. Responses25Chapter 6. Assessment27Chapter 7. Strategic Plan29Community SafetyOperations Center (CSOC) GuideThrough strong relationships with communitymembers and the increased trust that results from it,the Department will be better-equipped to reducecrime and keep citizens safe.1115Chapter 3. Acquire Data & AnalyzeInformation and data flow into the Departmentthrough 9-1-1 Calls for Service, investigative reports,the crime tipline, and many more channels.Chapter 4. PartnershipsSteady relationships across the City will aid theDepartment in pinpointing and mitigating underlyingcauses of crime.Once a problem has been analyzed and partnershipsestablished, the Department addresses crime anddisorder through various internal and externalprograms.Every SARA problem-solving effort undertaken byan Area requires assessment to determine successes.LAPD data will be used to determine whetherchanges in crime occurred as a result of the overallresponses implemented.Area-level planning sessions are necessary and shouldinclude the main components of Data-Informed,Community-Focused Policing: Neighborhood Policing,Location-Based Enforcement, and Focus on Victims.The CSOC Guide serves to maintain consistencythroughout all CSOCs while still remaining capable ofaddressing fundamental community issues and crimetrends in specific parts of the City.41Area Crime & CommunityIntelligence Center (ACCIC) GuideThe ACCIC Guide serves to maintain consistencythroughout all ACCICs, and to ensure each ACCICfunctions at its maximum potential.D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T5
Chapter 1Foreword: From the ChiefPolicing strategies that focus solely on proactive suppression may reduce crime,but often leave neighborhoods feeling over-policed, singled out, and unnerved.Chief Michel R. MooreThe legitimacy of a police department is dependent on acommunity’s trust in its police officers. Our ability to fightcrime is enriched through the development of meaningful andsustained relationships formed with the communities we serve.The Los Angeles Police Department is committed to buildingoff the successes of Data-Informed, Community-FocusedPolicing in order to build trust and confidence while advancingpublic safety for all Angelenos.While the reduction of crime remains a top priority for theCity of Los Angeles, our vision for the Department goesbeyond the traditional notions of policing. We are embarkingon a new chapter of renewed community engagement,enhanced community safety partnerships, and cuttingedge, data-informed crime prevention programs. We areredefining American policing to include an expanded focuson key organizational performance metrics, including fairenforcement, reducing victimization, ensuring proceduraljustice, and improving the confidence the people we servehave in us. We have begun a new journey towards a safer,more effective, and more collaborative LAPD.As technology transforms globally, it continues to revolutionizethe world of law enforcement. Technological advancementsare changing the way we police when it comes to safety,accountability, and the reduction of crime. We are constantlyconducting critical analyses of our systems and philosophyregarding data-informed and smart policing strategies, toensure that we are adhering to our Core Values and meetingour unwavering commitment to constitutional policing. It isour belief that these improvements will dramatically increasethe level of service we provide to the public.As part of our ongoing effort to improve the Department andthe service we provide, we will continue to implement systemsthat measure results, improve efficiency, and provide overallaccountability. The Department is committed to fosteringsafe, vibrant, and healthy neighborhoods for all communitymembers. We perform our jobs with purpose, compassionand in partnership with our communities and with eachother. To successfully drive public safety, we must continue toform relationship-based policing to ensure we are providingthe highest quality service. Further, we remain committed tothe development of programs for all community members,businesses, as well as community-based organizations, toconsistently improve understanding, communication, andrelationships between the Department and the community. Wewill rely on a shared responsibility between the Department,community, and other City entities, to achieve these goals.Our City and its stakeholders deserve and expect that we fulfillour mission while holding ourselves to the highest ethicalstandards to maintain public confidence. Through innovativeprevention programs and community outreach, the Departmentwill remain a national leader, while continuing toward our goalof becoming the safest big city in America. To accomplishthis goal, we will maintain a singular focus on improving thisorganization so it can continue to set an unparalleled standardof excellence in the daily pursuit of the Department’s missionto safeguard the lives and property of the people we serve, toreduce the incidence of crime, and to enhance public safetywhile working with the diverse communities we serve, toimprove quality of life.PurposeBackground on Data-Informed, Community-Focused PolicingData-Informed, Community-Focused Policing means thatpolice officers will prioritize working with people to buildtrust, using information that’s accurate and fair, and focusingon solving crime problems in specific places. Importantly,officers will increase their assistance to crime victims andthose who are most at risk of becoming victims.Based on input from the public, the Board of PoliceCommissioners (BOPC), the Mayor’s Office and the Chiefof Police, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD orDepartment) is embarking on major improvements to betterbalance trust and public safety. This change will involve thedevelopment of more precise actions and measures based onresearch and evaluation. It will involve working closely withthe community to identify problems, solve them, and assessour success.Although LAPD has been successful in driving down crime inrecent years—as opposed to other major cities that have foundit more challenging—the idea of striving for improvementand maintaining a high-quality service will permanently beone of our core values. To that end, Chief of Police MichelMoore has requested, as part of his reexamination of theDepartment, that we take a hard and intensive look at theresearch literature and at best practices in policing across thecountry.1 Chief Moore has challenged all employees to findand develop a resilient program that will allow us to maintainpublic safety by addressing crime and disorder while ensuringthat those being served do not feel alienated, marginalized orover-policed.In policing, we know that results matter, but unlike numerousother fields, the focus on how we specifically get to theseresults holds even more importance. As noted by the Director1. For a comprehensive view of best practices and evidence-based policing and crime policy see ks-in-policing/resource-library/6D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N Tof Operations, Assistant Chief Robert Arcos, “If trust erodes,public safety suffers. As police legitimacy is questioned,communities become less stable.”Evolution of Crime AnalysisAs technology has emerged and computers have evolved, sohas the Department’s ability to analyze crime data and developstrategies to reduce crime and disorder. Beginning in 2009,with funding from the United States Department of Justice(USDOJ), specifically the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Departmentimplemented data-driven crime fighting strategies. The initialprogram led to the development of a strategic plan to move theDepartment towards a Data-Informed, Community-Focusedapproach to crime prevention. Over the past ten years, theDepartment experienced decreases in homicides and otherserious crime categories by adopting this approach.At the same time, community members wanted more uniformityin community engagement efforts, as programs across the Cityvaried in intensity and method. The Department seeks to finetune and harmonize our community engagement and crimefighting efforts in an attempt to strike a balance between effectivepolicing and meaningful collaboration between the police andthe people whom we have sworn to protect and serve.Policing in Los Angeles has benefited from a long history ofcivilian oversight, which has enabled police to function withlegitimacy in the eyes of the community at large. In fact, recentsurveys indicate a high level of support and satisfaction withthe police in Los Angeles.2 Still, that sentiment is not universaland does not appear to be equally distributed among ourmany and diverse neighborhoods. The Department believesthat we can do even better.2. ELUCD Weekly Sentiment Reports 2018-2019D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T7
SARA: Problem-Solving ModelRestoring Trust Through Procedural JusticeProcedural justice is based on four central principles: (1)treating people with dignity and respect; (2) giving citizens avoice during encounters; (3) being neutral in decision-making;and, (4) conveying trustworthy motives.3Procedural justice has become an important focal point inthe strategy of policing in recent years. Procedural justicefocuses on the way police interact with the public and how thecharacteristics of those interactions shape the public’s views ofthe police, their willingness to obey the law, cooperation withthe police in fighting crime, and actual crime rates.Increasingly, studies have revealed that community perceptionsof procedural justice, through their influence on these aspectsof people’s relationship with the law and the police, can havea significant impact on public safety. Specifically, researchdemonstrates that these principles contribute to relationshipsbetween police and the community in which (1) the communityhas trust and confidence in the police as honest, unbiased,benevolent, and lawful; (2) the community feels obligated tofollow the law and the dictates of legal authorities; and, (3) thecommunity feels that it shares a common set of interests andvalues with the police.Procedural justice, public sentiment, and appropriate measuresof community perceptions are integral parts of Data-Informed,Community-Focused Policing. Department leaders will be heldaccountable for procedural justice and public sentiment in theirAreas, with equal importance as has traditionally been given tocrime statistics.Reducing Crime and Assisting VictimsThrough Problem Solving and Collective EfficacyThe Department has historically used the problem-solvingmodel “SARA” (Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment)to address problems in the community. In training the nextgeneration of both sworn and civilian police professionals, theLAPD adopted a “values-infused” model – CAPRA (Clients,Acquiring & Analyzing Information, Partnerships, Response,and Assessment)— that integrates critical thinking andproblem-solving skills and is grounded in the core value ofService to Our Communities. This change emphasizes that theclient or community is at the center of every situation trying toCAbe resolved and to working closely with them as partners in theoverarching public safety mission.To ensure our problem-solving efforts are compatible withneighboring agencies and are easily understood by academicsand research partners, the Department will report problemsolving on a Community-Focused SARA Project Form. Asour Department relentlessly places the community at the heartof everything we do, the traditional SARA elements will becoupled with an initial assessment of the “Clients.”Officers should consider the two types of clientsin their problem solving: Direct Clients: Those who you interact with directly at variouspoints during service delivery or in the work team/unit. Indirect Clients: Those not directly involved in an incidentbut who have an interest in its outcome.Considering both client types will ensure the Departmentprovides quality service, protection, enforcement, andprevention in partnership to obtain collective efficacy.Every problem we encounter can be solved through thisframework. The solutions lie not only with the police however,but also with the criminal justice system, residents, businesses,community organizations, activists, social services agencies,elected officials, and those who are concerned about crime,disorder, and safety in Los Angeles.For every problem we face, we need to identify root causes, acquireand analyze data from multiple sources, work with partners andstakeholders, come up with solutions and responses, and thenassess and evaluate those solutions. By following this model wewill meet the goals of improving trust between the police and thepublic, reducing crime, and assisting victims.Data-Informed, Community-Focused PolicingTo change the paradigm in the LAPD, we turn to a newdefinition and emphasis: Data-Informed, Community-FocusedPolicing means that police officers will prioritize working withpeople to build trust, using information that’s accurate andfair, and focusing on solving crime problems in specific places.Importantly, officers will increase their assistance to crimevictims and those who are most at risk of becoming victims.PRAClientsAcquiring & AnalyzingPartnershipsResponseAssessmentEvery member of the LAPDserves multiple and diversecommunities which mayinclude callers for service,participants in incidents,bystanders, victims, witnesses,sources, suspects, offendersand involved officers.Critical thinking requires theacquisition of the necessaryinformation to identify if there isa problem and then to define itbefore an analysis of that data.Anyone who, at any timewithin the process of problemsolving, contributes to thefinding of a solution with thepolice is a partner.Every situation is uniqueand will draw upon theutilization of individual skills,creative problem-solving andcommunity strategies.To improve and buildupon our future goals andcommunity expectations,we must continuouslyassess our ownperformance.3. Legitimacy and Procedural Justice: A New Element of Police Leadership, Police Executive Research Forum,(March 2014)8D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N TSARAScanningAnalysisResponseAssessmentIdentify issues contributingto crime and poorquality of life withina neighborhoodDetermine the causes ofthe problems by observingthe area, engaging thecommunity, and usingappropriate data analysis(walk, talk, and analyze)Use different tools to solvethe problem – For example,prevention (be there – usefoot and bike patrols, andofficer presence); intervention(work with communityorganizations to work withat-risk youth); enforcement(surveillance, interdiction,and arrests, if necessary)Determine successesby walking, talking,and analyzing (measurethe results of theresponse through callsfor service, incidents,public perceptions)For the LAPD, Data-Informed Community-Focused Policingis a framework that incorporates meaningful collaborationsbetween the police and neighborhoods, in addition to analysisof crime reports (crime data). Police legitimacy and trustbuilding are at the heart of patrol work and are not viewedas additional functions. This concept ensures that police usecommunity engagement more than enforcement and, whenenforcement is necessary, it is accurately focused.Ideally, Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing makesevery police-citizen interaction an act of collaboration. We needto create stronger bonds between police and community, asthis combination of unifying forces and collective energycan lead to safer neighborhoods. The spirit of unification,the blending of informal (citizen-based) and formal (policebased) social controls, and the building of trust betweenpolice and people counterbalances the effects of crime anddisorder.gathering and using information to allocate an appropriateamount of police resources to a specific problem or area.A core principle of Data-Informed, Community-FocusedPolicing is the idea that communities are comprised ofvarious people with sometimes competing interests, issues,political viewpoints, and crime related problems. This strategyemphasizes the idea that programs and policies should be tailoredto the precise requirements of each respective community. Toeffectively solve community problems, the Department mustimplement accountability systems that allow police to trackcrime and respond to trends with procedurally-just resources.The two themes are intrinsically linked, and therefore, whilereacting to crime problems and other associated complaintswithin the community, police must view that as an opportunityto carry out community engagement efforts to build trust andwork towards long term community benefits.There are two overarching themes -- the first theme focuseson neighborhood policing, especially in terms of collectiveefficacy, with the residents of the community making it robustand resilient. Policing with shared responsibility focuses on theway in which police work alongside the communit
Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing focuses on police officers working closely with the community members to identify problems, solve them, and assess our success. 10 Chapter 2. Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing Area-level planning sessions are necessary and should Thr
about community policing from a few decades of learning, research, and implementation efforts. It then examines the community policing components of Measure Y and the extent to which they are aligned with these best practices. In short, how do the community policing elements, as articulated in the 2004File Size: 401KBPage Count: 17Explore furtherAWARD-WINNING COMMUNITY POLICING STRATEGIEScops.usdoj.govExamples of Community Policing Strategies at Workwww.ravemobilesafety.comCommunity Oriented Policing Services USAGovwww.usa.govProblem-Solving and Community Policing: Crime and Justice .www.journals.uchicago.eduCommunity Policing: Much More Than Walking a Beatcops.usdoj.govRecommended to you b
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how community policing has developed in New Zealand. 2. Understanding community policing The understanding community policing chapter provides a summary of community policing as a concept. In order to understand community policing, the first section discusses a range of definit
Community Policing Works c. What is Community Policing d. Understanding the Past: Community Policing Timeline i. Introduction ii. Hammurabi’s Code iii. Volunteer Watch iv. Home Rule v. Day & Night Watch vi. Early Policing vii. Political Era viii. Professional Era
One of the best examples of the community policing/ILP interrelationship can be seen in the latest tool of community policing: CompStat. Drawing its name from "COMPuterized STATistics," CompStat may be defined as the Intelligence-Led Policing:The Integration of Community Policing and Law Enforcement Intelligence
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legal perspectives of Community Policing, police, community, culture and differentiating community policing and showed contemporary community policing practices. Author has attempted to analyze the field work and the community policing, narrates how to maintain the first contract a
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