Earth Science Midterm Review - Cardinal Spellman High School
Earth Science Midterm Review1. Which action can be performed most accurately using only thehuman senses?A) tearing a sheet of paper into squares whose sides measure 1centimeterB) adding 10 grams of salt to a cup of waterC) measuring the air pressure of a roomD) counting 28 shells from a beach2. In order to make observations, an observer must always useA)B)C)D)B) 30.0%C) 3.0%D) 36.1%8. Assume cube B was broken into many irregularly shaped pieces.Compared to the density of the entire cube, the density of one ofthe pieces would beC) the same9. What is the density of cube A?A) The windspeed is measured at 200 km/hr.B) The central air pressure is recorded at 946.0 mb.C) A rain gauge records three inches of rain in less than onehour.D) Damage from the storm is expected to be extensive.4. The best example of an inference is areading of atmospheric pressuremeasurement of air temperatureweather forecast for 3 daysdetermination of dewpoint temperature5. The primary purpose of a classification system is to enable peopletoA)B)C)D)A) 3.8%A) lessB) greaterexperimentsthe sensesproportionsmathematical calculations3. Which statement about a major hurricane is an inference?A)B)C)D)7. A student calculates the density of a third material as 8.3 grams percubic centimeter instead of the accepted value of 8.0 grams percubic centimeter. What is the student’s approximate percentdeviation (percent of error)?make measurements that are very accurateeliminate inaccurate inferencesorganize observations in a meaningful wayextend their powers of observationA) 0.2 g/cm3B) 5.0 g/cm3C) 12.8 g/cm3D) 64.0 g/cm310. The diameter through the equator of Jupiter is about 143,000kilometers. What is this distance written in scientific notation(powers of 10)?A) 143 102 kmB) 1.43 103 kmC) 1.43 105 kmD) 143 105 km11. A quantity of water is frozen solid and then heated from 0ºC to10ºC. Which statement best describes the properties of the waterduring this time?A)B)C)D)Mass and volume change.Volume and density change.Mass changes but volume remains constant.Volume changes but density remains constant.12. The diagram below shows a glass jar containing a clear liquid anda floating rock.Base your answers to questions 6 through 9 on the diagramsbelow, which represent two different solid, uniform materials cutinto cubes A and B.Which conclusion about the relative density of the rock and theliquid is true?A) The rock is less dense than the liquid.B) The rock is more dense than the liquid.C) The rock and the liquid have the same density.13. The Earth's actual shape is most correctly described asA) a circleB) a perfect sphereC) an oblate sphereD) an eccentric ellipse14. Measurements taken from space show the Earth to be6. What is the mass of cube B?A) 9 gB) 27 gC) 3 gD) 81 gA)B)C)D)greatest in diameter at the Equatorgreatest in diameter at the polesa perfect spherepear shapedPage 1
15. A student calculates the densities of five different pieces ofaluminum, each having a different volume. Which graph bestrepresents this relationship?A)C)B)D)19. The graph below shows world population beginning in the year1800 and projected to the year 2000.16. The graph below shows the relationship between mass andvolume for three samples, A, B, andC, of a given material.The graph shows the greatest increase in population betweenA) 1825 and 1850B) 1875 and 1900C) 1925 and 1950D) 1975 and 200020. Which graph shows the most probable effect of environmentalpollution on the chances of human survival?A)C)B)D)What is the density of this material?A) 1.0 g/cm3B) 5.0 g/cm3C) 10.0 g/cm3D) 20.0 g/cm317. Which graph most likely illustrates a cyclic change?A)C)21. Which list contains three major greenhouse gases found in Earth'satmosphere?B)D)A)B)C)D)carbon dioxide, methane, and water vaporcarbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogenhydrogen, oxygen, and methanehydrogen, water vapor, and nitrogen22. Most scientists infer that increasing levels of carbon dioxide inEarth's atmosphere are contributing to18. Most scientists believe Earth’s Early Archean atmosphere wasformed primarily by gases released fromA) stream erosionB) chemical weatheringA)B)C)D)decreased thickness of the tropospheredepletion of ozoneincreased absorption of ultraviolet radiationincreased global temperaturesC) volcanic eruptionsD) plant transpirationPage 2
23. Which diagram most accurately shows the cross-sectional shapeof the Earth?A)28. Why do most clouds form in the troposphere?A) Air pressure rises with increasing altitude.B) The dewpoint is too high in the other layers of theatmosphere.C) The other layers of the atmosphere are too cold to containwater.D) The lowest 11 km of the atmosphere contains almost all ofthe atmospheric water vapor.29. Earth's hydrosphere is best described as theB)A)B)C)D)solid outer layer of Earthliquid outer layer of Earthmagma layer located below Earth's stiffer mantlegaseous layer extending several hundred kilometers fromEarth into space30. What is the inferred pressure, in millions of atmospheres, inEarth's interior at a depth of 2900 kilometers?C)A) 1.4B) 9.9C) 3.0D) 490031. In which Earth layer does the pressure reach 3.5 millionatmospheres?A) crustB) stiffer mantleD)C) outer coreD) inner core32. Which atmospheric temperature zone is located between 8 and 32miles above Earth’s surface and contains an abundance of ozone?A) troposphereB) stratosphere24. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmfulultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer is located between 17kilometers and 35 kilometers above Earth's surface in whichatmospheric temperature zone?A) troposphereB) stratosphereC) mesosphereD) thermosphere33. The cross section below shows a drill rig used to collect rocksamples from below Earth's surface.C) mesosphereD) thermosphere25. Earth’s early atmosphere formed during the Early Archean Era.Which gas was generally absent from the atmosphere at that time?A) water vaporB) carbon dioxideC) nitrogenD) oxygen26. At an altitude of 95 miles above Earth’s surface, nearly 100% ofthe incoming energy from the Sun can be detected. At 55 milesabove Earth’s surface, most incoming x-ray radiation and someincoming ultraviolet radiation can no longer be detected. Thismissing radiation was most likelyA)B)C)D)absorbed in the thermosphereabsorbed in the mesospherereflected by the stratospherereflected by the troposphere27. As altitude increases from the tropopause to the mesopause, theatmospheric temperature willA) decrease, onlyB) increase, onlyC) decrease, then increaseD) increase, then decreaseThe rock samples collected from the bottom of the drill hole camefrom which Earth layer?A) lithosphereB) hydrosphereC) asthenosphereD) stiffer mantle34. New York State's highest peak, Mt. Marcy, is located atapproximatelyA) 44 10' N 74 05' WB) 44 05' N 73 55' WC) 73 55' N 44 10' WD) 74 05' N 44 05' WPage 3
Base your answers to questions 35 through 38 onthe cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows the general movement of air withina portion of Earth's atmosphere located between 30 N and 30 S latitude. Numbers 1 and 2 represent different locations in theatmosphere.35. What is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen present in Earth’s atmosphere at location 2?A) 10%B) 21%C) 33%D) 46%36. The air movement shown in the cross section is due to the process ofA) condensationB) conductionC) evaporationD) convection37. Which temperature zone layer of Earth's atmosphere is shown in the cross section?A) troposphereB) stratosphereC) mesosphereD) thermosphere38. Which map best shows the surface movement of winds between 30 N and 30 S latitude?A)C)B)D)39. Which New York State city is located at 42 39' N 73 45' W?A) BuffaloB) AlbanyC) IthacaD) Plattsburgh40. Which mantle hot spot is located directly below a mid-ocean ridgeplate boundary?A) YellowstoneB) IcelandC) Canary IslandsD) HawaiiPage 4
41. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heatenergy is trapped in Earth's atmosphereWhich type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases?A) ultravioletB) visible lightC) infrared42. What is the relative humidity when the dry-bulb temperature is16 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 14 C?A) 90%B) 80%C) 14%D) 13%43. The diagram below represents an observer measuring the altitudeof Polaris.D) radio waves45. In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is most of Earth'soutgoing terrestrial radiation?A) infraredB) visibleC) ultravioletD) x-rays46. Which type of land surface would probably reflect the mostincoming solar radiation?A)B)C)D)light colored and smoothlight colored and roughdark colored and smoothdark colored and rough47. The energy radiated from the Sun consists of aA) narrow range of wavelengths, with ultraviolet radiationhaving the greatest intensityB) narrow range of wavelengths, with infrared radiation havingthe greatest intensityC) wide range of wavelengths, with visible radiation having thegreatest intensityD) wide range of wavelengths, with x-ray radiation having thegreatest intensityAt which latitude is this observer located?A) 16 NB) 37 NC) 53 ND) 90 N44. Which process is responsible for the greatest loss of energy fromEarth's surface into space on a clear night?A) condensationB) conductionC) radiationD) convection48. An object that is a good radiator of electromagnetic waves is alsoa goodA)B)C)D)insulator from heatreflector of heatabsorber of electromagnetic energyrefractor of electromagnetic energyPage 5
Base your answers to questions 49 through 51 on the passage and map below. The map shows sections of the Atlantic Ocean,the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.ShipwreckIn 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun and stars for navigation. The crew thought that the ship was just northof Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them off course. The ship hit a coral reef and sank off the coast of theDominican Republic. The Xon the map marks the location of the sunken ship.49. At which map location does Polaris appear the highest in the nighttime sky?A) Miami, FloridaB) Kingston, JamaicaC) Havana, CubaD) San Juan, Puerto Rico50. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the sunken ship?A) 20.5 N 70 EB) 20.5 N 70 WC) 20.5 S 70 ED) 20.5 S 70 W51. On which tectonic plate is Puerto Rico located?A) North American PlateB) South American PlateC) Caribbean PlateD) Cocos Plate52. Which diagram best represents heat transfer mainly by the process of conduction?A)B)C)D)Page 6
Base your answers to questions 53 through 56 onthe topographic map below. Points A through I are locations on the map. Elevations are shown in meters.53. Which locations have the same elevation?A) A and CB) B and EC) C and ID) F and G54. In which section of the map is the highest elevation located?A) northeastB) northwestC) southeastD) southwest55. The contour lines crossing Deer River show that the river flowsA) northward out of Wolf PondB) northward into Wolf PondC) southward out of Wolf PondD) southward into Wolf PondPage 7
56. The profile below represents certain locations on the map.The profile represents a cross section of the landscape between pointsA) A and DB) B and CC) C and AD) I and H57. The topographic map below has a contour interval of 20 feet. Points A and B represent locations on Earth's surface.Which profile best represents the topographic cross section along the line from A to B?A)C)B)D)58. Pollutants are most likely to be removed from the atmosphere byA) evaporationB) precipitationC) volcanic activityD) transpiration59. Which type of air mass most likely has high humidity and hightemperature?A) cPB) cTC) mTD) mPPage 8
60. The air above a burning candle is heated and rises. Which table correctly identifies the type of heat transfer within the risingair and the change in air density above the burning candle?A)C)B)D)61. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy byA)B)C)D)density differencesmolecular contactelectromagnetic wavesmovement through a vacuum68. The graph below shows the change in carbon dioxideconcentration in parts per million (ppm) in Earth's atmospherefrom 1960 to 1990.62. Heat energy from the lower latitudes is transferred to colder Earthregions by planetary wind circulation mainly through the processofA) conductionB) radiationC) convectionD) reflection63. Ozone is important to life on Earth because ozoneA)B)C)D)cools refrigerators and air-conditionersabsorbs energy that is reradiated by Earthabsorbs harmful ultraviolet radiationdestroys excess atmospheric carbon dioxide64. Compared to a light-colored rock with a smooth surface, adark-colored rock with a rough surface willA)B)C)D)both absorb and reflect less insolationboth absorb and reflect more insolationabsorb less insolation and reflect more insolationabsorb more insolation and reflect less insolation65. Which change would cause a decrease in the amount of insolationabsorbed at Earths surface?A)B)C)D)a decrease in cloud covera decrease in atmospheric transparencyan increase in the duration of daylightan increase in nitrogen gas66. Earth’s atmosphere is warmed whenA) ultraviolet radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed bynitrogen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphereB) x-ray radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by nitrogen andcarbon dioxide in the atmosphereC) infrared radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by carbondioxide and water vapor in the atmosphereD) gamma radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by carbondioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere67. What is the dewpoint when the dry-bulb temperature is 8 C andthe wet-bulb temperature is 2 C?A) 28 CB) 6 CC) 3 CThe most likely cause of the overall change in the level of carbondioxide from 1960 to 1990 is an increase in theA)B)C)D)number of violent stormsnumber of volcanic eruptionsuse of nuclear poweruse of fossil fuels69. Which weather change is most likely indicated by rapidly fallingair pressure?A)B)C)D)Humidity is decreasing.Temperature is decreasing.Skies are clearing.A storm is approaching.70. Weather-station measurements indicate that the dewpointtemperature and air temperature are getting farther apart and thatair pressure is rising. Which type of weather is most likelyarriving at the station?A) a snowstormB) a warm frontC) cool, dry airD) maritime tropical airD) –9 CPage 9
71. Which map below shows the most likely storm track for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean?A)C)B)D)72. The map below shows high-pressure and low-pressure weathersystems in the United States.74. A psychrometer is used to determine which weather variables?A)B)C)D)wind speed and wind directionpercentage of cloud cover and cloud heightair pressure and air temperaturerelative humidity and dewpoint75. Which map best represents the surface wind pattern aroundNorthern Hemisphere high-pressure and low-pressure centers?A)B)Which two lettered positions on the map are most likely receivingprecipitation?A) A and BB) B and DC)C) C and ED) A and D73. Monsoons develop as a result ofA) large changes between the temperatures of a continent andneighboring oceansB) a continent and neighboring oceans having nearly the sametemperaturesC) air rising over Earth's equatorial regionD) air sinking over Earth's polar regionsD)Page 10
76. The diagram below shows weather instruments A and B.Which table correctly indicates the name of the weather instrument and the weather variable that it measures?A)B)C)D)77. Large volcanic eruptions sometimes send dust and ash into thestratosphere. After these eruptions, global air temperatures areoftenA) cooler than normal because the atmosphere is lesstransparentB) cooler than normal because the atmosphere is moretransparentC) warmer than normal because the atmosphere is lesstransparentD) warmer than normal because the atmosphere is moretransparent78. The weather station model below shows some of the weather datafor a certain location.What is the wind speed shown on the station model and whichinstrument is used to measure the wind speed?A)B)C)D)15 knots, measured by a wind vane15 knots, measured by an anemometer25 knots, measured by a wind vane25 knots, measured by an anemometerPage 11
Base your answers to questions 79 through 82 on the map below, which shows the position of the jet stream relative to two airmasses and a low-pressure center (L) over the United States.79. Assuming the low-pressure center (L) follows a typical storm track, it will moveA) into the mT air mass to the westB) into the cP air mass to the northwestC) along the path of the jet stream to the northeastD) along the path of the jet stream to the southwest80. In which layer of the atmosphere is this jet stream located?A) thermosphereB) mesosphereC) stratosphereD) troposphere81. What is the difference in the air temperature and humidity between the cP and mT air masses?A) The cP air mass is warmer and less humid.B) The cP air mass is colder and more humid.C) The mT air mass is warmer and more humid.D) The mT air mass is colder and less humid.82. What is the general movement of the surface winds around the center of this low-pressure area?A) counterclockwise and outwardB) counterclockwise and inwardC) clockwise and outwardD) clockwise and inward83. The diagram below shows a weather instrument found at mostweather stations.84. The station model below shows several weather variablesrecorded at a particular location.What was the most likely dewpoint at this location?A) 32 FThe main function of this instrument is to measure which weathervariable?A) wind speedB) wind directionC) air pressureD) relative humidityB) 40 FC) 61 FD) 70 F85. Which condition will most likely result in the formation of acloud?A) wind speed decreasingB) air pressure increasingC) cool, moist air sinkingD) warm, moist air risingPage 12
Base your answers to questions 86 through 90 on the weather maps below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Theweather maps show the eastern United States on two consecutive days. Some isobars are labeled in millibars (mb). Letter Xrepresents a location on Earth's surface on December 8, 2009.86. Which information shown on the weather maps best indicates that wind speeds in New York State were greater on December9 than on December 8?A)B)C)D)The isobars were closer together on December 9.The fronts were closer together on December 9.The air pressure over New York State was lower on December 9.The air pressure over New York State was higher on December 9.87. What was the barometric pressure for location X on December 8?A) 1016 mbB) 1012 mbC) 1008 mbD) 1004 mbPage 13
88. Which map best shows the general surface wind pattern around the high-pressure system on December 8?A)C)B)D)89. In which direction did the high-pressure center move from December 8, 2009, to December 9, 2009?A) southwestB) southeastC) northwestD) northeast90. Which type of front was located just south of New York City on December 9?A) coldB) warmC) stationaryD) occluded91. Which map shows normal paths followed by low-pressure storm centers as they pass across the United States?A)C)B)D)Page 14
92. Which station model shows an air temperature of 75 F and a barometric pressure of 996.3 mb?A)B)C)93. The map of North America below shows the source region of anair mass forming mostly over Mexico.D)97. Which graph best represents the relationship between waterdroplet size and the chance of precipitation?A)C)B)D)98. Earth’s outer core is best inferred to beA)B)C)D)This air mass originating over Mexico is classified asA) continental polarB) continental tropicalC) maritime polarD) maritime tropical94. Which two processes lead to cloud formation in rising air?A)B)C)D)compressing and coolingcompressing and warmingexpanding and coolingexpanding and warmingliquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm3liquid, with an average density of approximately 11 g/cm3solid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm3solid, with an average density of approxim
Jan 14, 2014 · A)solid outer layer of Earth B)liquid outer layer of Earth C)magma layer located below Earth's stiffer mantle D)gaseous layer extending several hundred kilometers from Earth into space 29.Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the A)1.4 B)9.9 C)3.0 D)4900 30.What
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answer choices you are marking on your answer sheet.-4-GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Language Arts – Reading Time — 25 minutes 19 Questions GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE -5-GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE A violent storm has threatened the first voyage of the ship Nan-Shan. This excerpt from a work of fiction portrays several crew members, including the first mate, Jukes, as they confront the storm. Jukes was as .
