Business Process Modeling Notation

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Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI)Business Process Modeling NotationWorking Draft (0.9) November 13, 2002Copyright 2002, BPMI.org. All Rights ReservedAbstractThe Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) specification provides a graphicalnotation for expressing business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD). Theobjective of BPMN is to support process management by both technical users andbusiness users by providing a notation that is intuitive to business users yet able torepresent complex process semantics. The BPMN specification also provides a mappingbetween the graphics of the notation to underlying the constructs of execution languages,such as BPEL4WS and BPML.Status of this DocumentThis document is the first working draft of the BPMN specification submitted for commentsfrom the public by members of the BPMI initiative on November 13, 2002. It has beenproduced based on the work of the members of the Notation Working Group. Comments onthis document and discussions of this document should be sent to BPMNPublicReview@bpmi.org. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced, or madeobsolete by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to refer to this document asother than “work in progress.”

November 13, 2002BPMN Working DraftAcknowledgementsThe members of the BPMI Notation Working Group contributed to the development of thisspecification. The following were members of the committee for at least part of the timefrom August 2001 until this version of the specification:Michael AnthonyAshish AgrawalAssaf ArkinJeanne BakerSteve BallChuck FarisIsmael GhalimiJared GrothPaul HarmonBrian JamesSimon JohnstonGeorge KeelingAntoine LonjonDave MadiganMike MarinMartin OwenMatthew PryorRobert ShapiroHoward SmithDon StewartBala SuryanarayananStephen A. WhitePaul WuethrichInternational Performance GroupIntalioIntalioSterling CommerceSterling CommercePopkin SoftwareIntalioSterling CommerceIndividual MemberProforma CorporationRational SoftwareCasewiseMEGA InternationalGlue LimitedFileNetPopkin SoftwareVersataCape VisionsCSCGenientInfosys TechnologiesSeeBeyondNew Era of Networks (Sybase)The primary author and editor of the main body of the specification wasStephen A. White (swhite@seebeyond.com)Additional contributions to its writing were made byAshish Agrawal (ashish@intalio.com)Michael Anthony (manthony@ipgl.com)Assaf Arkin (arkin@intalio.com)George Keeling (george@casewise.co.uk)Brian James (bjames@proformacorp.com)Antoine Lonjon (alonjon@mega.com)Martin Owen (martin.owen@popkin.co.uk)2 / 158Copyright 2002, BPMI.org All Rights Reserved

BPMN Working DraftNovember 13, 2002Notice of BPMI.org Policies on Intellectual Property Rights &CopyrightBPMI.org takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property orother rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technologydescribed in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might ormight not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify anysuch rights. Information on BPMI.org's procedures with respect to rights in BPMI.orgspecifications can be found at the BPMI.org website. Copies of claims of rights madeavailable for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the resultof an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietaryrights by implementers or users of this specification, can be obtained from the BPMI.orgChairman.BPMI.org invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents orpatent applications, or other proprietary rights, which may cover technology that may berequired to implement this specification. Please address the information to the BPMI.orgChairman.This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivativeworks that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may beprepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of anykind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all suchcopies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way,such as by removing the copyright notice or references to BPMI.org, except as needed forthe purpose of developing BPMI.org specifications, in which case the procedures forcopyrights defined in the BPMI.org Intellectual Property Rights document must be followed,or as required to translate it into languages other than English.The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by BPMI.orgor its successors or assigns.This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis andBPMI.org DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUTNOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREINWILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Copyright The Business Process Management Initiative [BPMI.org], November 13, 2002.All Rights Reserved.Copyright 2002, BPMI.org All Rights Reserved3 / 158

November 13, 2002BPMN Working DraftTable of ContentsAbstract.1Status of this Document.1Acknowledgements .2Notice of BPMI.org Policies on Intellectual Property Rights & Copyright .3Table of Contents .4List of Figures.6List of Tables .8List of Examples.91. Introduction.101.1 Conventions .111.1.1 Typographical and Linguistic Conventions and Style .111.2 Dependency on Other Specifications.111.3 Conformance .122. BPMN Overview .132.1 BPMN Scope.142.1.1 Uses of BPMN .142.1.2 Diagram Point of View .172.1.3 Extensibility of BPMN and Vertical Domains .173. Business Process Diagram Concepts .183.1 BPD Core Element Set .183.2 BPD Complete Set.193.3 Use of Text, Color, and Lines in a Diagram .243.4 Flow Object Connection Rules .243.4.1 Sequence Flow Rules.243.4.2 Message Flow Rules .254. Business Process Diagram Graphical Objects .274.1 Events .274.1.1 Start .274.1.2 End .334.1.3 Intermediate .384.2 Activities .444.2.1 Processes .444.2.2 Sub-Process.464.2.3 Task.534.3 Decisions .584.3.1 Exclusive.594.3.2 Inclusive.644 / 158Copyright 2002, BPMI.org All Rights Reserved

BPMN Working DraftNovember 13, 20024.4 Pools and Lanes.644.4.1 Pool .654.4.2 Lane .684.5 Data Object.694.6 Text Annotation .715. Connecting Objects.735.1 Graphical Connecting Objects .735.1.1 Sequence Flow .735.1.2 Message Flow .755.1.3 Association.785.2 Sequence Flow Mechanisms.805.2.1 Normal Flow .805.2.2 Link Events .955.2.3 Spawning and Synchronizing Activities.955.2.4 Exception Flow .955.2.5 Transaction Compensation Flow .995.2.6 Ad Hoc .1016. BPMN by Example .1036.1 The Beginning of the Process .1036.1.1 Mapping to BPEL4WS .1046.1.2 Mapping to BPML .1076.2 The First Sub-Process.1106.2.1 Mapping to BPEL4WS .1116.2.2 Mapping to BPML .1146.3 The Second Sub-Process.1166.3.1 Mapping to BPEL4WS .1186.3.2 Mapping to BPML .1216.4 The End of the Process .1246.4.1 Mapping to BPEL4WS .1256.4.2 Mapping to BPML .1297. Mapping to Execution Languages .1338. References.1348.1 Normative .1348.2 Non-Normative.1359. Open Issues .137Appendix A: E-Mail Voting Process BPEL4WS .138Appendix B: E-Mail Voting Process BPML.146Appendix C: Glossary .151Copyright 2002, BPMI.org All Rights Reserved5 / 158

November 13, 2002BPMN Working DraftList of FiguresFigure 1: A Start Event .27Figure 2: Message Flow connected to a Start Event.31Figure 3: Process Instantiation through Message Receiving Task.32Figure 4: End Event.33Figure 5: Message Flow leaving an End Event .37Figure 6: Message Flow from Task that precedes the End Event.37Figure 7: Intermediate Event.39Figure 8: Task with an Intermediate Event attached to its boundary.39Figure 9: Collapsed Sub-Process .46Figure 10: Expanded Sub-Process.46Figure 11: Collapse Sub-Process Marker Combinations .47Figure 12: A Task Object .53Figure 13: A Decision .58Figure 14: A Data-Based Decision Example.60Figure 15: An Event-Based Decision Example.61Figure 16: A Pool .65Figure 17: Message Flow connecting to the boundaries of two Pools .66Figure 18: Message Flow connecting to flow objects within two Pools.66Figure 19: Two Lanes in a Pool .68Figure 20: A Data Object .69Figure 21: A Data Object associated with a Sequence Flow.70Figure 22: Data Objects shown as inputs and outputs .70Figure 23: A Text Annotation.71Figure 24: A Sequence Flow .73Figure 25: A Message Flow .75Figure 26: Message Flow connecting to the boundaries of two Pools .75Figure 27: Message Flow connecting to flow objects within two Pools.76Figure 28: Message Flow connecting to boundary of Sub-Process and Internal objects.77Figure 29: An Association .79Figure 30: A directional Association .79Figure 31: An Association of Text Annotation.79Figure 32: An Association connecting a Data Object with a Flow .79Figure 33: A Process with Normal flow .

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) specification provides a graphical notation for expressing business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD). The objective of BPMN is to support process management by both technical users and business users by providing a notation that is

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