Estimating Electrical Construction Revised
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1 59.00eviewEstimatingElectrical ConstructionRevisedPrbyineMark C. TylerOnlSee page 266 for a free trial download of the electricalestimating software described in this manual.Turn your estimate into a bid.Turn your bid into a contract.ConstructionContractWriter.com Craftsman Book Company6058 Corte del Cedro / P.O. Box 6500 / Carlsbad, CA 92018Buy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1AcknowledgementsThe author wishes to express his appreciation to the following companies and organizations forfurnishing materials used in the preparation of various portions of this book:eviewAmerican Arbitration Association — 1633 Broadway, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10019Appleton Electric Company — 9377 W. Higgins Road, Rosemont, IL 60018Calculated Industries, Inc. — 4840 Hytech Drive, Carson City, NV 89706Hubbell Lighting, Inc. (Formerly Marvin Electric Manufacturing Company) — 584 DerbyMilford Road, Orange, CT 06477Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. — 201 North Service Road, Melville, NY 11747Lithonia Lighting — P.O. Box A, Conyers, GA 30012Square D Company — 1415 South Roselle Road, Palatine, IL 60067Trade Service Publications, Inc. — 15092 Avenue of Science, San Diego, CA 92128Westinghouse Electric Corporation — 1000 Westinghouse Drive, Cranberry Township, PA 16066PrThis book is dedicated to all retired, active and student estimators.ineLooking for other construction reference manuals?OnlCraftsman has the books to fill your needs. Call toll-free 1-800-829-8123or write to Craftsman Book Company, P.O. Box 6500, Carlsbad, CA 92018 fora FREE CATALOG of over 100 books, including how-to manuals,annual cost books, and estimating software.Visit our Website: http://www.craftsman-book.comLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataTyler, Mark C.Estimating electrical construction, revised / by Mark C. Tyler.p. cm.Rev. ed. of: Estimating electrical construction / by Edward J. Tyler. 1983.Includes index.ISBN 978-1-57218-253-01. Electrical engineering--Estimates. I. Tyler, Edward J. Estimating electricalconstruction. II. Title.TK435.T93 2011621.319'24--dc222011005598 2011 Craftsman Book CompanyEdited by Brian E. P. Beeston and Michelle StrilerTemplate Devona Quindoy, dqartdesigns.comLayout by Devona Quindoy & Joan HamiltonBuy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh11What Does It Take to Bean Electrical Estimator?. 5The.Design.Team. 7The.Construction.Team. 86Transfer.the.Takeoff.Data. 77Calculate.Each.Item’s.Cost. 78Material.Cost.Sources. 81The.Estimate. 11Finding Work& Submitting Bids. 13ine2Accurate.or.“Best”.Pricing. 847Choosing.the.Right.Projects. 15Labor.Costs. 93nlTypes.of.Bids. 23Cost.of.Equipment. 98Bid.Form.and.Submission. 29OSubcontract.Costs. 99First Steps in Estimating. 31Completed.Costing.Sheets. 99Takeoff.Items. 33Factors.That.Increase.Labor.Costs. 101Takeoff.Tools.and.Worksheets. 374The Job Walk& Pre-Bid Conference. 45Factors.That.Decrease.Labor.Costs. 107Other.Job.Variables. 1108Job.Phases. 46Takeoff Worksheetswith a Computer. 113Site.Conditions. 46The.Sample.Project. 113Pre-Bid.Conference. 50Starting.the.Takeoff. 119Site.Plans. 455Completing Your EstimateManually (Labor, Equipment& Subcontractor Costs). 93Bid.Documents. 173The Material CostEstimate. 77PrKey.Elements.of.a.Bid. 10eviewContentsAccurate Material Takeoff. . 539Detailed.Takeoff. 54Figuring Costs withthe National ElectricalEstimator. . 145The.Takeoff.Procedure. 57Estimating.with.National Estimator . 146Shortcut.Estimating. 53Buy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh110 Overhead & Profit. 157 15 Smart Bidding. 215Adding Overhead and Profit .to Your Estimate. 157Calculating Overhead. 162Calculating Your Company’s .Optimum Profit Percentage. 165Adjustment for Risk. 215Asset Utilization Adjustments. 223Project Adjustments. 23111 Other Costs to Consider. 173 16 Pricing Strategies& Selling Your Bid. . 235Permits and Fees. 177Market-Based Pricing. 235Bid Bonds. 178Performance Bonds. 179Insurance Coverage. 180Progress Payments. 18012 Completing Your EstimatesLearn About Your Competition. 236Selling Your Bid. 241Scheduling. 245PrRetention. 181eviewContingency. 173& Bids Manually. 183ineFinalizing Your Estimate and Bid. 18317 Change Orders. 247Why Changes Are Made. 249Get It (and Give It) in Writing. 249Adding Rates for Additional Costs. 184Review Meetings. 253Finalizing Your Bid Summary Sheet 188Processing a Change Order. 254nl13 Completing Your EstimatesEffects of Change Orders. 256O & Bids Electronicallyusing National Estimator .& Job Cost Wizard. 191Modifying Costs. 191Printing and Saving Your Estimate. 197Preparing Your Bid. 19814 Cost Recording. 203Why Keep Cost Records?. 204Essentials of an Effective.Cost-Keeping System. 20518 Claims & Disputes. 259Subcontractor Claims. 259Preparing a Claim. 260Backcharges. 262Project Delays. 264Estimating Software & BlankForms Download. . 266Classifying Labor Costs. 208Using Cost Data. 212Index. 267Buy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1Chapter 1eviewWhat Does It Take to Bean Electrical Estimator?PrEOnlineLECTRICAL CONTRACTING IS A relativelynew business. Masonry, plumbing, framing,roofing and most construction trades can tracetheir roots back hundreds or even thousands ofyears. There weren’t any electricians or electrical contractors 150 years ago. The electrificationof America didn’t begin until the 1880s whenthe first commercial power-generating stationwas built in New York City.In the early days of electrical contracting,there was no electrical code. Installation practice was poor by today’s standards. In one groupof 65 mills where electric power was installed inthe 1890s, there were 23 serious fires — in thefirst six months! Still, the demand for electricityincreased rapidly. During the 1890s, trade associations, insurers and manufacturers developedstandards that became the National ElectricalCode , first published in 1897.NEC is revised every three years to betTheter protect people and property. Revisions aredetermined after studies by code committeesand have resulted in better electrical materials,more advanced designs and improved installation procedures. Constant code changes makethe work of electrical contractors and electricalestimators more difficult. But they also makefor better, safer, and more durable electricalinstallations.As the electrical contracting business developed and matured, the role of professionalelectrical estimators became more specialized.Anyone can quote prices for electrical work.Most states require that both electricians andelectrical contractors be licensed; but electricalestimators need no license at all. Under the law,company owners, managers, engineers, supervisors, electricians and salespeople can quoteprices for electrical work. Technicians fromtelephone companies, alarm system manufacturers, and electrical equipment manufacturersoften quote installation prices for their specialized electrical work.But please don’t misunderstand. Estimatingthe cost of electrical work can be a very detailed,exacting discipline. It takes specialized skillsand knowledge to create reliable estimates forelectrical work. That’s why electrical estimatingis so important to the success of any electricalcontracting company. Most work is awardedBuy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1Estimating Electrical ConstructionThe Electrical EstimatorSome electrical estimators begin a careeron the staff of a larger electrical contractingcompany. A typical estimating department in alarge electrical contracting firm will have oneor two junior or trainee estimators along withseveral more experienced estimators. When anelectrical estimator has developed the skills andcontacts necessary to be successful, many beginconsulting, or even start electrical contractingcompanies of their own. Some of the busiest andmost successful electrical estimators I know arefreelancers. Both the rewards and the risks aregreater when working for yourself. But clearlythere are advantages to working at your ownpace and setting your own hours.nlinePrAt one time, most electrical estimators werealso electricians, usually with at least six to eightyears of experience in the field. Experiencedelectricians tend to be good at reading drawings.They understand contract specifications andare proficient at following the NEC — essentialskills for every electrical estimator. Years ago,master electricians commonly drafted electrical layouts, showing receptacles, switches andfixtures. These drawings became supplementsto the architectural drawings and were used byinstallers to lay out the work. Material takeoffsand cost estimates were created from electricaldrawings prepared by a master electrician. That’sstill true today on small, service-type projects.sized electrical contracting company. Withadditional experience and training, it’s commonto transition to more complex, more technicalprojects.eviewthrough competitive bidding. The lowest qualified bidder usually gets the job. Profit marginscan be thin, especially when work is scarce. Thepenalty for a haphazard estimate can be a majorloss, and no electrical contracting companyneeds more of those. Nearly every electricalcontracting company needs the best effort of atleast one qualified electrical estimator.OBut work on larger projects is much morespecialized today. Electrical estimators seldomdraft electrical drawings and almost neverspecify materials or equipment. Those tasksare typically done by trained specialists, usuallyelectrical engineers or Computer-Aided Designand Drafting (CADD) professionals. Many largerprojects are “design-build” jobs, where the contractor is responsible for both the design andconstruction. There’s no competitive bidding,but estimates are still required. On design-buildprojects, the electrical estimator operates as amember of the design team, developing ROM(rough order of magnitude) prices for budgetpurposes.The electrical estimators I know come fromvaried backgrounds. Most worked as installersbefore taking a desk job as a service estimatoror residential estimator for a small- to medium An electrical estimator’s primary task isto develop a reliable estimate of job costs. Inpractice, it seldom stops there. Experiencedelectrical estimators often play a major advisoryrole, recommending preferred installation details,identifying risks and opportunities in the job,and maximizing value while minimizing costs. Agood electrical estimator can make a significantcontribution to any electrical construction team.On very large projects, there will often be achief estimator and several junior estimators. Inone of our practice examples, you’ll figure the costof work planned by the electrical design group.When done, you’ll hand the estimate over to thesenior estimator who will combine all estimatesto calculate the project cost. That total goes tocompany managers who will set a percentage formarkup, turning the estimate into a bid.Electrical estimating can be either full- or parttime work. Most smaller electrical contractingcompanies don’t bid enough jobs to keep anelectrical estimator busy full-time. The companyowner may be the only qualified electricalestimator available. Some smaller electrical contractors don’t even have an estimator on staff.Instead, they call on a freelance estimator whenthe need arises.Buy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1What Does It Take to Be an Electrical Estimator?The structural engineer (SE) designs theskeleton of the project, the foundation, andsupporting members. The SE plans equipmentbases, suspended members, seismic and windresistance and other structural components.The mechanical engineer (ME) designs theHeating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning(HVAC) system, plumbing and drainage.PrThe best electrical estimators have an instinctfor finding jobs with better-than-average profitpotential — and identifying jobs with more riskthan potential reward. That’s why a skilledelectrical estimator is a valuable asset to anyelectrical contracting company — possibly themost valuable member of the team. Electricalestimators are the first line of defense againstfinancial loss.with plans and specifications. The architect prepares the construction documents. These includean advertisement for bids, instructions to bidders, the contract, general and special conditionsto the contract, project specifications, projectdrawings, and guidelines for administration ofthe contract. On larger projects, the architecturalfirm will usually retain consulting engineers toadvise on technical phases of the project. Thesecan include a structural engineer, a mechanicalengineer and an electrical engineer.eviewMany electrical contracting firms, both largeand small, put the electrical estimator to workas project manager when a bid is accepted.After winning the job, the electrical estimatorputs on a hard hat and manages the project.That creates a tight feedback loop, making theproject manager a better estimator (more awareof costs) and the estimator a better projectmanager (more aware of installation issues).nlineNo matter where you fit in the picture, Ihope you’ve decided to build the qualificationsrequired to create a successful career in electrical estimating. Opportunities are plentiful.This manual is designed as a stepping stonealong your career path.OThe Design TeamConstruction is far more complex todaythan in 1890 when buildings were first wiredfor electrical service. Today it takes a team ofprofessionals to complete nearly any commercialor industrial building.Every job starts with a property owner. Theproperty owner sets the job in motion and paysthe bills, frequently from loan proceeds madeavailable by a commercial lender. The propertyowner isn’t usually a member of the design team,but selects at least the leader of that team, thearchitect.The architect plans a project that meets theneeds of the property owner. The architect mayalso act as the property owner’s representative,supervising construction to ensure complianceRewardsfor Electrical EstimatorsElectricians are among the highest paid constructiontradesmen, and electrical estimators are among the bestpaid estimators in the construction industry. Most largerelectrical contracting companies offer novice estimatorsa fair beginning salary with periodic increases. Somebase an estimator’s salary on a percentage of the ratepaid to journeymen electricians. The percentage is lowin the beginning but can be counted on to increase withexperience and competence. Most electrical estimatorswork on salary, get paid either weekly or bimonthly,and receive good benefits. Advancement opportunitiesare excellent for progressive electrical estimators. Asthe planner of new work, you can make an importantcontribution to the success of your company.Working conditions tend to be good. But timeis a major limitation for most electrical estimators.Accuracy (quality) is important, of course. But so isquantity. The more jobs you bid, the more contractsyou’re likely to win. Bid dates are set by the owner orthe prime (general) contractor. You have little or nocontrol over timing. The clock can become an electricalestimator’s worst enemy. Most bids are due on aparticular day at a specific time. A heavy workload canrequire putting in extra hours at the office — a smallsacrifice for a successful bid.Buy similar Craftsman Book Co. titles here: https://www.Craftsman-Book.com
Buy this complete title here: https://goo.gl/A70Eh1Estimating Electrical ConstructionThe electrical engineer (EE) designs theelectrical system: power generation (eitherthe primary or standby), primary and back-uplighting, a communications system (telephoneand voice mail), the computer network, a pagingsystem, a sound system, an employee-recognitionsecurity system, an intrusion system, and a firealarm system. The electrical engineer mustwork closely with the architect, the structuralengineer and the mechanical engineer. Electricalestimators have to estimate quantities andcosts for nearly anything an EE can design.subcontractor can’t or won’t finish the work,the bonding company hires another companyto complete the job — and then tries to recoveragainst the defaulting contractor.The design team’s work isn’t done until construction is complete. The design team may beresponsible for on-site inspections as the projectprogresses. The architect’s contract with a consulting engineer usually requires inspections toensure that installation complies with the plansand specifications. Consultants check the shopdrawings (submittals) prepared by manufacturers and subcontractors to be sure the finishedproduct will meet the property owner’s andarchitect’s expectations.On most jobs, there will be a prime contractor (the prime) and subcontractors (the subs).Sometimes there will be subs to the subs. A sub’sresponsibilities are very similar to those of theprime — just on a smaller scale. An electrical subsubmits a bid to do electrical work described inthe plans and specs. But that’s not all. Subs haveto meet all requirements of the contract, including bonds, insurance, licenses and taxes.inePreviewThe contractor must al
But please don’t misunderstand. Estimating the cost of electrical work can be a very detailed, exacting discipline. It takes specialized skills and knowledge to create reliable estimates for electrical work. That’s why electrical estimating is so important to the success of any elect
Electrical Construction Estimating Introduction to Electrical Construction Estimating Estimating activites will use the North State Electric estimating procedures. Estimating and the Estimator Estimating is the science and the art by which a person or organization determines in advance of t
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[Means electrical estimating methods] Electrical estimating methods / Wayne J. Del Pico. — Fourth edition. pages cm Original ed. published under title: Means electrical estimating methods. c1995. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-118-76698-9 (paperback); ISBN 978-1-118-76684-2 (ebk.); ISBN 978-1-118-7669
Section 3, Cost Estimating Methods, discusses historical, conceptual, risk-based, and cost-based estimating methods and estimating software. Section 4, Cost Estimating Factors, discusses cost drivers and the impact that each has on the construction cost estimate throughout the project development process.
Construction Estimating Guide An Overview of Estimating Tools and Software Introduction Construction estimating technology has come a long way in the last 40 years. Estimators traded in colored pencils and clunky calculators for powerful software applications. Thermal faxes became obsolete. “Going paperless” is now achievable.
GAO Cost Estimating and Assessment Guide -The "12-Steps" 1. Cost estimating (CE) purpose 2. Cost estimating plan 3. Define program characteristics 4. Determine estimating structure 5. Identify ground rules and assumptions 6. Obtain data 7. Develop point estimate; compare to ICE 8. Conduct sensitivity analysis 9. Conduct risk and .
Electrical Infrastructure includes an electrical installation, electrical equipment, electrical line or associated equipment for an electrical line. 1.9 Electrical installation As per the Electrical Safety Act 2002 (s15) (a) An electrical installation is a group of items of electrical equipment that—
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