Train The Trainer - Michigan Safety Conference

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Ground Person/Spotter –Train the TrainerPresented byTarah Kile – MIOSHA Construction Safety ConsultantChris Johnson – MIOSHA General Industry Safety Consultant1Objectives StatisticsEffective trainingPersonal Protective EquipmentTailgate fact sheet21

OSHA STATISTICSEach year many workersdie from Struck Byaccidents. Approximately 10% of deaths inconstruction and general industryare from ‘struck-by’ accidents3OSHA FatalitiesTotal Fatal OccupationalInjuries4317519Struck By Fatalities357162Struck ByOtherGeneral IndustryConstruction42

MIOSHA 6Struck By201720182019* as of3/22/19Other Type of Injury563

Training› Spotters are often employees with little to no experience› Common Sense?› When is the best time to conduct safety training› Situational Awareness7Key Elements of Effective Training› Remove training barriersenabling participation› Ensure trainers are competent(able to deliver content)› Provide site/job/task/skillspecific training› Utilize appropriateinstructional methods› Ensure content coverswhat is required byregulations884

Key Elements of Effective Training (cont.)› Provide an opportunity for employeesto ask questions› Assess competencies – test!– Do employees recognize,understand, and avoid hazards?– Do employees use any and allsafeguards in place?– Observe them› Are they performing as trained?› Periodically evaluate and verify theeffectiveness99Determining the Need for TrainingAct 154: The MIOSHA Act› Provide– PPE, guards, safe equipment, programs, start-up procedures,etc.› Train– Hazards, Steps/Procedures, Safeguards› Supervise– Observe that job is done safely– Supervisors represent employer› Ensure– Accountability for all employeesIf you haven’t provided, supervised and/or ensured .training is NOT the issue.10105

Active Learning How Do We Get There? ExercisesCase studyRole ainstormOpen-ended questionSmall group1111Developing training material› Sources for training material–––––––Manufacture informationMIOSHA/OSHAOnline videos and photosStreaming videosExamples from the shop floor or worksiteIndustry AssociationsInsurance Companies126

Materials from manufacturer13147

Utilizing videos15168

Online Streaming available from MIOSHA17Issues from your own worksite189

Trade Groups and Insurance Companies19Characteristics of anEffective Trainer Knowledge of subject Practice, Practice,Practice Professional appearance Make people comfortable Good listener Good voice qualityEnthusiasticTactfulFlexibleOrganizedUse of different mediaPositive AttitudeSense of humorAnd more .202010

Verifying your training isbeing understood. Test learner’s knowledge of the topic Improved employee performance Demonstrate the job/hazard specific skills Improved safety record2121STRUCK BYTRAININGMATERIALS2211

Aerial Lift Case Study:Struck By Lowering basket struck a 2” gas line. Ground man was watching thewheels Risk assessment Consider extra ground man to assistin locations of multiple hazards. Aerial Lift and Ground Persontraining23Aerial Lift Case Study:Escort/Ground Person Struck By Escorting Man lift Ground man was watching othertraffic. Lost eye contact with operator Operator lost eye contact with escortand did not stop Risk 360 assessment Congestion, distractions Aerial Lift training2412

Scissor Lift Case Study:Struck by/ran over spotters foot Maintain eye contact Maintain minimum clearance whenequipment is in motion Maintain communication Scissor lift and spotter training25Traffic Control Case Study:Driver ran over and broke through aHole Cover 360 Risk assessment Review the logistics of the location Hole covers should be marked andcapable of supporting intendedloads2613

Why Train for Struck By?› Historically incidents have been prevented by usingspotters (the eyes and ears for operators ofequipment moving in congested or awkward areas)› Results from these incidents are damagedequipment, loss of production, injured people andultimately loss of life.› What have you seen? Could you share an incidentthat resulted from “the lack of” or “poor” spotting?27Terms Can VaryGround Person: Follow the established GroundPerson protocolsMust be familiar with the Equipmentand be capable of operating liftsusing ground controlsUnderstand the logistics of the worklocationValidate the Operator is wearingPPEHave a clear line of siteMaintain 360 degree awarenessNever use electronic devices orperform additional dutiesSpotter:Traffic Regulator:A spotter is someoneassigned to assistanother workerperforming activitiesand preventingaccidents. Identify your safework zone Avoid path of travel Always have clearsight linesTraffic Control and FlaggingFederal and State Traffic laws apply Provide clear communicationbetween drivers/operators andspotters through the use ofstandardize signals andcommunication. Have clear sight lines Maintain both visual and verbalcommunication Maintain risk 360 assessment Properly trained and equipped.2814

When do you need a spotter?Instances when a spotter should be used:– When the operator cannot see the load.– When the operator cannot see the load landing area.– When the operator cannot see the path of travel of either the load orthe equipment.– When the operator is too far from the load to judge distanceaccurately.– Whenever an operator requests a spotter.– In close proximity to overhead hazards.– When backing a trailer.29Need a spotter?3015

Area Pre-Walk› Prior to the movement of any objects or equipment thearea which will be used for maneuvering needs to bewalked by the Operator and Ground Person.› What to look for during the pre-walk:– Clear path of travel– Proper signage i.e., construction (if needed)– Overhead obstructions, i.e., power lines & buss bars, doors& rails, fire protection piping & linear beams, vent fans– Tight corners– Other personnel working in the vicinity313216

Communications› The single most importantaspect of an effective spotteris communication.› Communication needs to be:– Clear– Concise– Maintained– Appropriate for the operation33Communications› There are two common typesof communication methods. Hand Signals Review hand signals/terminologywith operator Verbal/Radio Review verbalcommunication/terminology withoperator3417

Communications› The term “STOP” should be used to stopoperations in emergency situations instead ofother terms that mean the same thing (e.g. Whoa,Halt, Hold That, etc.)35Hand Signals› Well recognized hand signals should be used.– The goal is effective communication.The spotterand the operator need to be in agreement on thehand signals used.3618

Consistent Hand SignalsStandard Hand Signals37Hand Signals Ground Rules› Only one person should signal the operator.› Always keep the spotter/operator in view.› Anyone can give the STOP signal and it must be obeyedimmediately.› Signals should be clear and, wherever possible,barehanded.› The load must be directed so that it never passes overanyone.3819

Hand Signals Ground Rules› Operators should not make a move until theyreceive and understand spotter signal. If contactbetween spotter and the operator is broken for anyreason, the operation must stop.› Some situations call for two signalers. For instance,during a concrete pour, one signaler may beneeded to direct the lift while the other directs thedrop.39Hand Signals Ground Rules› Where a difficult lift demands, use verbalcommunication or two-way radios instead ofhand signals.4020

Use of Radios as Communications› Using radios can be a very effectivecommunication method.› A radio must be used in situations where thespotter and operator lose sight of each other.41Use of Radios as Communications› In order to have effective communication withradios ensure the following;– The terminology used is consistent.– The frequency used is not in use by other operations.– The frequency is clear of static and the units havebeen tested for the area in which the operation istaking place.– Fresh batteries are installed or the units are fullycharged.4221

Use of Radios as CommunicationsSome things to think about;– Radio use in high noise areas› Head sets may be necessary› The operator may not be able to use one hand tooperate the radio.› This situation requires a unit with voice activation andpossibly a head set.› Can you think of any other cautions with radio use?43Task ResponsibilitiesSpotter Position self to enable driver tomaintain visual contact Never cross the path of travel Wear proper PPE Communicate to the operator toSTOP if I see any hazards Never ride on the vehicle while itis moving Keep the route free of peoplethat don’t need to be thereOperator› STOP immediately if I lose contact withthe spotter› STOP immediately if instructed by thespotter› STOP immediately if anyone comeswithin 8ft of my vehicle› Operate so my speed does not exceedthe pace of my spotter› Communicate the blind spots to thespotter› Eliminate distractions› Make sure windows and mirrors areclear4422

Distracted?45Position?4623

Good View?4744 % Responded that there was at least onecrash on a work zone where they worked in thepast year4824

› 85% of drivers are distracted by their cell phones whiledriving› Drivers spend 1 of every 6 minutes on their phones whiledriving› 71% of drivers are texting while driving› You are 2/2 times more likely to crash while talking onthe phone› You are 12/2 times more likely to crash from dialing aphone49MMUTCD5025

Required Training51Responsibility› The role of a traffic regulator isCRUCIAL to the success of a well-runtraffic operation.› Traffic regulating is a full time job.› Carelessness can cause seriousaccidents and injuries to you, yourco-workers, or the public. Byperforming your duty diligently, youcan do your part to prevent trafficincidents in your work area.525226

Traffic Regulator Duties› To protect self and others involvedin the work area.› To protect equipment.› To provide safe, courteous, andauthoritative direction to the motoringpublic through the work area.› Always provide / plan an escape route!5353Qualifications Receive and communicate specificinstructionsclearly, firmly, and courteously. Move quickly to avoid danger from errantvehicles. Control signaling devices (such as paddlesand flags) in order to provide clear andpositive guidance to drivers approachingthe work zone in frequently changingsituations. Understand and apply safe traffic controlpractices, sometimes in stressful andemergency situations.545427

Qualifications Recognize dangerous traffic situationsand warn workers and other regulators insufficient time to avoid injury. Do not mingle with the work crew,traveling public or other people. Determine an escape path that is free ofobstructions. Be constantly alert of your surroundings,particularly for vehicles approaching fromeach direction.5555Personal Protective EquipmentMIOSHA Required?Construction HARDHAT:(MIOSHA Part 6, R408.40622;and Part 22) SAFETY GLASSES:(MIOSHA Part 6, R408.40624) STURDY FOOTWEAR:(MIOSHA Part 6, R408.40625) HIGH VISIBILITY VEST 360 Type 2 or 3 (MIOSHA Part 22,R408.4223)FULL-LENGTH PANTS:(MIOSHA Part 6)SHIRT: (MIOSHA Part 6) General Industry HARDHAT:(MIOSHA Part 33, 18, 22,51, 53, 74) SAFETY GLASSES:(MIOSHA Part 33) STURDY FOOTWEAR:(MIOSHA Part 33, 51, 53,74) FULL-LENGTH PANTS:(MIOSHA Part 33, 51, 53) SHIRT: (MIOSHA Part 33)565628

What’s wrong with Regulator out of positionthis picture? No escape (on a bridge) PPE 360 deg. (vest open) Training?NEVER STAND IN THE LANE TO APPROACHING TRAFFIC5757Traffic RegulatorWhen possible, can weeliminate or minimizethe hazard toemployees?585829

ADDITIONALRESOURCESTraining Activity596030

Checklist61Thank You ForAttending This PresentationMichigan Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationConsultation Education and Training Division525 W. Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643Lansing, Michigan 48909-8143For further information or to request consultation, educationand training services, call 517-284-7720orvisit our website atwww.michigan.gov/miosha626231

Aerial Lift Case Study: Struck By Lowering basket struck a 2” gas line. Ground man was watching the wheels Risk assessment Consider extra ground man to assist in locations of multiple hazards. Aerial Lift and Ground Person training Aerial Lift Case Study: Escort/Grou

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