CHART OF RECORDED AND RELATED TUNINGS
Page 1Dancing Cat Records Hawaiian Slack Key Information Booklet: SECTION IVa:CHART OF RECORDED TUNINGS (and ones closely related to them)1. 51 of the 65 tunings listed here have had Hawaiian songs recorded in them. Of these 36 ofthem are played virtually exclusively in Hawai’i (or for playing Hawaiian music).2. Bb Tunings are the same as C Tunings, except the pitches of the two lowest pitched stringsare reversed and tuned up, and the whole tuning is often lowered to the key of Bb toaccommodate the fairly extreme raising of the two lowest pitched strings. Therefore, in thischart (and in all the sections of this Slack Key information book) the Bb tunings are listed withthe same chart number as the C Tunings that they are related to.3. In the C Tunings Section of this chart, when two tunings are listed together that are similar,except that the two lowest pitched strings are reversed in pitch (so that one of the tunings isalso a Bb Tuning), those two tunings are separated by a space.4. For songs listed in each of these tunings, see the HAWAIIAN RECORDINGS IN THE SLACKKEY TUNINGS-SECTION V. For other possible Slack Key tunings, see the SUMMARY OF NONRECORDED TUNINGS-SECTION VI.5. **The 12 tunings with two asterisks after them have not had any songs recorded in them,but they are reported to have been played by someone in Hawai’i, or are closely related to theone just above it on the chart, and they would be very feasible to play Slack Key in.KEYGMAJOR TUNINGWAHINE TUNINGTunings that are a Major Seventhchord, or a tuning that contains theMajor 7th note.Tunings with the two highestpitched strings tuned a fifthinterval apart.1. D–G–D–G–B–DCalled Taro Patch Tuning,Open G Tuning, MokihanaTuning, or Low Bass G Tuning.Sometimes called SpanishTuning in Mainland. America.Especially earlier in the 20thCentury. Can also be played4. D–G–D–F#–B–DCalled G Wahine Tuning, Double SlackTuning, G Slack Tuning, Auntie AliceNamakelua’s G Tuning, Auntie AliceNamakelua’s Tuning, Flatted GTuning, or F# Tuning. Can also be6. D–G–D–D–G–DCalled G Mauna Loa Tuning.played solo effectively in the key ofD.solo effectively in the keys of C 5. D–G–D–F#–B–E **and D.Called Wai anae Tuning2. D–G–C–G–B–D**This tuning has the 4th note ofthe scale (the C note), on thethird string.3. G–B–D–G–B–DCalled High Bass G Tuning.Used for the acoustic steelguitar in the 1920s and the1930s, and it is the mostcommon Bluegrass dobrotuning in Mainland America.CMAUNA LOA TUNINGTunings that are a Major chord,or a tuning that contains aMajor chord on the highestpitched strings.1. C–G–E–G–C–ECalled Atta’s C Tuning. Canalso be played solo effectivelySometimes tuned up as highas the key of A (also seetuning # A-8a in the key of AMauna Loa Tuning columnbelow).NI IHAU/ OLD MAUNA LOA MISCELLANEOUS TUNINGSTUNINGTunings with two successivestrings tuned a fourth intervalapart, with the 6th note of thescale as the lower pitch, andthe 2nd note of the scale as thehigher pitch.11. D–G–D–E–A–DCalled Old Mauna Loa Tuning12. C–G–D–E–A–DCalled Ni ihau Tuning13. D–G–D–G–B–ECalled G Sixth Tuning. CalledDropped G Tuning in MainlandAmerica.14. D-G-C-G-B-ECalled Kilauea Tuning. Can also beplayed solo effectively in the key ofC.7. D–G–D–E–G–DCalled Maori Brown EyesTuning, or G Sixth Mauna LoaTuning.15. D–G–D–E–B–D8. D-G -D–G-G –D **Called G Modal Tuning inMainland America andEurope.9. C–G–D–G–G–DInvented by Jim Kimo Westand called Kimo’s MahoeTuning10. D–G–D–D–F#–C#Called Alika’s Mauna LoaTuning5. C–G–D–G–B–D22. C–G–E–G–A–ECalled Dropped C Tuning, Leonard’s C Sometimes called Gabby’s CTuning, C Wahine Tuning, or TaroTuning; and called Ki Melia26. C–G–D–G–A–DCan also be played soloeffectively in the key of G.29 C–G–C–G–D–ECalled Ka Honu (Turtle) Tuning* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative1
Page 2in the keys of F and G.Patch C Tuning.2. G–C–E–G–C–E6. G–C–D–G–B–DTuning on the Island ofNi ihau; and sometimesreferred to as C6th Tuning.Tuning #C-2 is similar to #C-1, Tuning #C-6 is similar to #C-5,except the two lowest pitched except the two lowest pitched strings 23. G–C–E–G–A–ECalled B Flat Mauna Loastrings are tuned up andare tuned up and reversed in pitch.Tuning.**reversed in pitch.Can tuneddown to the key of Bb. (See#Bb-2 in Bb Major Tuningcolumn below). Can also beplayed solo effectively in thekeys of F and G.3. C–G–C–G–C–ECalled Mainland Open CTuning, and called Open CTuning in Mainland America.4. F–G–C–G–C–ECalled Samoan C Major Tuning.**27. G–C–D–G–A–D **Tuning #C--27 is similar to #C26, except the two lowestpitched strings are tuned upand reversed in pitch. Can alsoCan be tuned down as low as the keybe played solo effectively in theof Bb. (See #Bb-6 in the Bb Wahine Tuning #C -23 is similar to #C key of G. Can be tuned down as-22,exceptthetwolowestTuning column below).low as the key of Bb. (See #Bbpitched strings are tuned up27 in the Bb Wahine Tuningandreversedinpitch.7. C–G–D–G–B–Ecolumn below).SometimestuneddownaslowCalled Keola’s C Tuning, and calledasthekeyofBb.(See#Bb-23Dropped C Tuning in Mainlandin the Bb Mauna Loa TuningAmerica. Can also be played solo28. C–G–C–G–A–Dcolumn below).effectively in the keys of G and F.8. G–C–D–G–B–ETuning #C-8 is similar to #C-7,except the two lowest pitched stringsare tuned up and reversed in pitch.Can also be played soloCan also be played solo effectively ineffectively in the key of F, as it the key of G. Sometimes tuned downthhas the F note (the 4 note of as low as the key of Bb. (See #Bb-8the scale), on the lowestin the Bb Wahine Tuning columnpitched sixth string.below).24. C–G–C–G–A–ECalled Ni’ihau C Mauna LoaTuning. Can also be playedsolo effectively in the key ofG.25. F–G–C–G–A–ECalled Samoan C Mauna LoaTuning. Can also be playedsolo effectively in the key of F.(Also see #F-25 in the F10. F–C–D–G–B–E **Wahine Tuning and the FTuning #C-10 is similar to #C-9,Mauna Loa Tuning columnsexcept the two lowest pitched strings below).are tuned up and reversed in pitch.Can be tuned down as low as the keyof Bb. (See #Bb-10 in the Bb WahineTuning column below).9. C–F–D–G–B–E30. C-G- E -G- D- E **Invented by Cindy Combs31. G-C-E-G-D-E **Tuning #C-30 is similar to #C-29,except the two lowest pitchedstrings are tuned up and reversed inpitch. Can be tuned down to the keyof Bb. (See #Bb-30 in the BbMiscellaneous Tuning columnbelow).32. C-G-D-F-B-EInvented by Cindy Combs, andcalled Cindy Combs’ Puolo PointC Tuning33. E–A–D–G–B–ECalled Standard Tuning, StandardSpanish Tuning, or called DoubleBass Tuning. Can also be playedsolo effectively in the keys of D, G,A, E, and F.11. C–G–E–G–B–ECalled Hi ilawe Tuning, or Gabby’sHi ilawe C Tuning, Gabby’s Hi ilaweTuning. Gabby’s C Wahine C Tuning,or Wahine C Tuning.12. G–C–E–G–B–ETuning #C-12 is similar to #C-11,except the two lowest pitched stringsare tuned up and reversed in pitch.Sometimes tuned down as low as thekey of Bb. (See #Bb-12 in Bb WahineTuning column below).13. C–G–E–G–B–DCalled Hanalei C Tuning14. G–C–E–G–B–DCalled Led’s New C Wahine Tuning.Tuning #C-14 is similar to #C-13,except the two lowest pitched stringsare tuned up and reversed in pitch.Sometimes tuned down as low as thekey of Bb. (See #Bb-14 in Bb WahineTuning column below).15. C–G–C–G–B–DCalled Ni ihau C Wahine Tuning16. F–G–C–G–B–D **Called Samoan C Wahine Tuning17. D–G–C–G–B–D**Can also be played solo effectively inthe key of G.18. G–C–C–G–B–ECalled Wela Kahau Tuning19. C–G–C–G–B–E **20. C-G –E -G-A -BInvented by Walter Carvalho21. G- C- E- G- A- B **Tuning #C-21 is similar to #C-20,except the two lowest pitched stringsare tuned up and reversed in pitch.Can be tuned down as low as the keyof Bb. (See #Bb-21 in Bb WahineTuning column below).* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative2
Page 3D1. D–A–D–F#–A–DCalled D Major Tuning, OpenD Tuning, or Open E Tuning.Sometimes called VestapolTuning in Mainland America,especially earlier in the 20thCentury.2. C–A–D–F#–A–DCalled D Seventh Tuning.4. D–A–D–F#–A–C#Called D Wahine Tuning5. D-A-C#-F#-A-C#Invented by Ken Emerson and calledKen Emerson’s D Wahine Tuning6. D-A-E-F#-C#-DInvented by Stephen Inglis7. D–A–D–F#–B–ECalled Cyril’s D Tuning, andCyril’s D 6/9th Tuning. Alsocalled Rapa-nui Tuning by PatCockett. A slight variation oftwo tunings: #D-7 ( D–A–D–G–B–E) - the Dropped DTuning), and # D-8 (D–A–D–F#–B–D - the D Sixth Tuning),3. D–A–E–F#–A–DInvented by Jim Kimo Westand called Kimo’s AnuenueTuning. This tuning has the 9thThis tuning has the 4th note of thescale (the G note), on the thirdstring. This tuning can also beplayed effectively in the key of G.note of the scale (the E note –which is also the 2nd note ofthe scale) on the fourth string.1. C–F–C–G–A–FCalled ‘Elepaio Tuning. Thisthtuning has the 9 note of thescale (the G note – which isalso the 2nd note of the scale)on the third string.variation of Standard Tuning. Canalso be played solo effectively in thekey of G.9. D–A–D–F#–B–DCalled D Sixth Tuning andsometimes called Boogie’s D Tuningboth in the D Miscellaneousfor Boogie Kalama’s use of it.Tuning column just to the right. 10.D–G–D–F#–A–DCould be called Triple Slack Tuning(especially when playing this tuningin the key of G).This tuning has the 7th note ofthe scale (the C note) on thelowest pitched sixth string.F8. D–A–D–G–B–ECalled Dropped D Tuning in Hawai’iand in Mainland America. A slight11. D–A–D–G–B–DSometimes called Open D Tuning(even though it is not a D Majorchord). Sometimes called DoubleDropped D Tuning in MainlandAmerica. Can also be playedeffectively in the key of G.2. F–C–E–G–C–ECalled Gabby’s F Wahine Tuning, orGabby’s F Tuning.3. C–F–C–G–C–ECalled Leonard’s F Tuning, or FTuning. Can also be played soloeffectively in the key of C.4. C–F–C–A–C–E5. F–Bb–C–F–A–EThis is both a Mauna LoaTuning and a WahineTuning. Invented by MikeMika’ele McClellen6. Bb–F–C–F–A–E**This is both a Mauna LoaTuning and a WahineTuning.5. F–Bb–C–F–A–ECalled Wahine/ Mauna Loa Tuning.(F-25) F–G–C–G–A–EThis is both a Wahine Tuning and a Called Samoan C Mauna LoaMauna Loa Tuning. Invented byTuning. See #C -25 in the CMike Mika’ele McClellenMauna Loa Tuning columnabove. This is both a MaunaThis is both a Wahine Tuning and a Loa Tuning and a WahineMoana Loa Tuning.Tuning.6. Bb–F–C–F–A–E**(F-25) F–G–C–G–A–ECalled Samoan C Mauna Loa Tuning.See #C -25 in the C Mauna LoaBb(Bb-2) F–Bb–D–F–Bb–D**Tuning column above. This is both aWahine Tuning and a Mauna LoaTuning.(Bb-8) F–Bb–C–F–A–DSometimes tuned up as high as thekey of C, resulting in (G-C-D-G-B-E),which is the same as #C -8 in the CWahine Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here. Can also beplayed solo effectively in the key of FCan be tuned up as high as thekey of C, resulting in (G-C-E-GC-E), which is the same tuningas #C -2 in the C MajorTuning column above, withthe whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here. Can also be(Bb-10) Eb–Bb–C–F–A–D **played solo effectively in theCan be tuned up as high as the key ofkeys of Eb and F.C, resulting in (F-C-D-G-B-E), which isthe same as #C -10 in the CWahine Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here.(Bb-23) F–Bb–D–F–G–DSometimes tuned up as highas the key of C, resulting in(G-C-E-G-A-E), which is thesame as #C -23 in the CMauna Loa Tuning columnabove, with the whole guitartuned down to the key of Bbhere.(Bb-27) F–Bb–C–F–G–C (Bb-30) F-Bb-D-F-C-D ****Can be tuned up as high as thekey of C, resulting in (G-C-D-GA-D), which is the same as #C-27 in the C MiscellaneousTuning column above, withthe whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here. Can also beplayed effectively in the key ofF.Can be tuned up as high as the keyof C, resulting in (G-C-E-G-D-E),which is the same as #C -30 inthe C Miscellaneous Tuningcolumn above, with the wholeguitar tuned down to the key of Bbhere.(Bb-12) F–Bb–D–F–A–DSometimes tuned up as high as thekey of C, resulting in (G-C-E-G-B-E),which is the same as #C -12 in theC Wahine Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here.(Bb-14) F–Bb–D–F–A–CCalled Led’s New C Wahine Tuning.Sometimes tuned up as high as thekey of C, resulting in (G-C-E-G-B-D),which is the same as #C -14 in theC Wahine Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here.* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative3
Page 4(Bb-21) F-Bb- D- F-G- A- G **Can be tuned up as high as the keyof C, resulting in (G-C-E-G-A- B),which is the same as #C -21 in theC Wahine Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned down tothe key of Bb here.1. E–A–E–E–F#–C#A(A-8) E–A–E–E–A–EOften tuned down as low asthe key of G, resulting in (D–G–D–D–G–D), which is thesame as #G-8 in the G MaunaLoa Tuning column above,with the whole guitar tuned upto the key of A here.‘Ukulel G-C-E-G“Taro Patch Tuning” – Thise- theG–C–E–AStandard Ukulele Tuning sometimes called “My Dog HasFleas” Tuning.two most tuning has the samecommon relationship as the four highestpitched strings of the G MajortuningsThis tuning has the samerelationship as the four highestpitched strings of the StandardTuning on guitar (E-A-D-G-B-E) (#C -30), except it is pitched afourth interval higher, up to the keyof C on the ‘ukulele.“Taro Patch” Tuning on guitar(D-G-D-G-B-D) -(#G -1),except it is generally pitched afourth interval higher, up to thekey of C on the ‘ukulele.G-B-D-GTuning for playing rhythmsometimes used by SandyMcMasterThe three most commonSteelGuitar electric steel guitar tunings areTHE THREE MOST COMMONELECTRIC STEEL GUITARTUNINGS:listed first. These steel guitartunings are not classified, andare all listed in the column tothe right.1. C–E–G–A–C–ECalled A minor Seventh Tuning. Thistuning is currently the most popularsteel guitar tuning in Hawai’i, andhas been since the late 1930s, whenthe electric steel guitar becamepopular. It was used prominently bythe late Barney Isaacs and is usedmost prominently by most othersteel guitarists.It is slightly similar to the C MaunaLoa Tuning (C-G-E-G-A-E) –(#C20), in that both have C Sixthchords, and both have the samenotes as the A minor Seventh chord(the 6th note of the scale in the keyof C is the A note) – it is doubtful,however, that this steel guitartuning came from the C Mauna LoaTuning.Sometimes the lowest pitched sixthstring is tuned down to the 7th noteof the C scale (the Bb note),yielding the tuning Bb-E-G-A-C-E.A seven string version of this tuningis Bb-C-E-G-A-C-E, and G-Bb-C-E-GA-C-E.The A minor Seventh Tuning led tothe C Sixth Tuning for the ten stringpedal steel guitar in MainlandAmerica (C-F-A-C-E-G-A-C-D-E –here strings 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 1 arethe same notes as the Hawaiian sixstring C Sixth/ A minor Seventhsteel guitar Tuning).2.B-D-E-G#-C#-ECalled E Ninth Tuning. It may haveevolved out of the great acousticsteel guitarist Sol Ho opi i’s similar* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative4
Page 5C# minor Tuning (E-B-E-G#-C#-E),that he played and first recorded onthe acoustic steel guitar in 1929.The Western Swing and Countrysteel guitarists were subsequentlyinfluenced to play in Sol’s C# minorTuning. This tuning led to the ENinth Tuning for the ten string pedalsteel guitar in Mainland America (BD-E-F# -G# -B-E-G# -D#- F#).3. B-D# -F# -A-C# -ECalled B Eleventh Tuning. It wasdeveloped by Dick McIntyre in the1930s. It was also used prominentlylater by Slack Key guitarist GabbyPahinui when he played the ---------SOME OTHER STEEL GUITARTUNINGS USED IN HAWAI’I:4. G–B–D–G–B–DCalled High Bass G Tuning. It waspossibly first recorded by M. K.Moke in 1928 on his classic songMoana Chimes, and Bennie Nawahiin 1929, and Jim Holstein (of Jim &Bob, the Geniel Hawaiians) in 1934.It also is the most commonBluegrass dobro tuning in MainlandAmerica.It evolved out of the G Major “TaroPatch” Tuning (D-G-D-G-B-D) –(#G1) in the late 1920s. In Hawai’i theHigh Bass G Tuning was very oftentuned up as high as two half stepsto the key of A, yielding A-C# -E-AC# -E.5. D-G-E-G-B-DCalled G Sixth Tuning. It is usedsometimes by Led Kaapana when heplays the acoustic steel guitar.6. E-B-E-G#-C#-ECalled C# minor Tuning. It wasinvented by the great acoustic steelguitarist Sol Ho opi’i, and he firstrecorded in it on the acoustic steelguitar in 1929.Mainland American Western Swingand Country steel guitarists weresubsequently influenced to play intunings branching out of SolHo’opi’i’s C# minor Tuning, includingthe E Ninth Tuning in Hawai’i (B-DE-G# -C# -E), and in MainlandAmerica, the E Ninth Tuning for theten string pedal steel guitar (B-D-EF#-G#-B-E-G#-D#- THE FOLLOWING TUNINGS AREALSO PLAYED BY STEELGUITARISTS, AS WELL AS BYSLACK KEY GUITARISTS:7. D–G–D–G–B–DOften called Taro Patch Tuning,Open G Tuning, Mokihana Tuning,or Low Bass G Tuning. Sometimescalled Spanish Tuning in MainlandAmerica, especially earlier in the20th Century.* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative5
Page 6This was the first tuning used on theacoustic steel guitar in the late1800s, and was often tuned up ashigh as two half steps to the key ofA, yielding E-A-E-A-C#-E. In the late1920s it evolved into the “High BassG Tuning” (G-B-D-G-B-D).Also the G Major “Taro Patch”Tuning is often used in MainlandAmerica by blues slide guitarists.The G Major “Taro Patch” Tuningcan be played solo on steel guitareffectively in the keys of G,C, D, andF.8. D–G–D–F#–B–DSometimes called G Wahine Tuning,Double Slack Tuning, G SlackTuning, Auntie Alice Namakelua’s GTuning, Auntie Alice Namakelua’sTuning, Flatted G Tuning, or F#Tuning.9. D–A–D–F#–A–DCalled Open D Tuning or Open ETuning. Also called Vestapol Tuningin Mainland America, especiallyearlier in the 20th Century.Open D Tuning is often used inMainland America by blues slideguitarists, and sometimes used inMainland America by Bluegrassdobro players.- There are other steel guitartunings occasionally used* A centered line separating two tuning indicates that they are the same except the lowest 2 pitched strings are tuned up and reversed in their relative6
D–G–D–G–B–D Called Taro Patch Tuning, Open G Tuning, Mokihana Tuning, or Low Bass G Tuning. Sometimes called Spanish Tuning in Mainland. America. Especially earlier in the 20th Century. Can also be played solo effectively in the keys of C and D. 2. D–G–C–G–B–D ** This tuning has 8. Dthe 4th note of the scale (the C note), on the
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Get Chart Status GetChartStatus(Chart) f Start Chart StartChart(Chart) f Stop Chart StopChart(Chart) f Suspend Chart SuspendChart(Chart) f The Type column shows whether the OptoScript command is a function command (f) or a procedure command (p). Function commands return a value from their action;
Get Chart Status GetChartStatus(Chart) f Start Chart StartChart(Chart) f Stop Chart StopChart(Chart) f Suspend Chart SuspendChart(Chart) f The Type column shows whether the OptoScript command is a function command (f) or a procedure command (p). Function commands return a value from their action;
