Evaluation Of The Buchanan County IBRD Bridge On Victor .
Evaluation of the BuchananCounty IBRD Bridge on VictorAvenue over Prairie CreekFinal ReportSeptember 2017Sponsored byIowa Department of Transportation(InTrans Project 12-427)Federal Highway AdministrationInnovative Bridge Research andDeployment (IBRD) Program
About the Bridge Engineering CenterThe mission of the Bridge Engineering Center (BEC) is to conduct research on bridgetechnologies to help bridge designers/owners design, build, and maintain long-lasting bridges.About the Institute for TransportationThe mission of the Institute for Transportation (InTrans) at Iowa State University is to developand implement innovative methods, materials, and technologies for improving transportationefficiency, safety, reliability, and sustainability while improving the learning environment of students, faculty, and staff in transportation-related fields.Disclaimer NoticeThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the factsand the accuracy of the information presented herein. The opinions, findings and conclusionsexpressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors.The sponsors assume no liability for the contents or use of the information contained in thisdocument. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.The sponsors do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ namesappear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.Iowa State University Non-Discrimination StatementIowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, ethnicity, religion,national origin, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, sex, maritalstatus, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies maybe directed to Office of Equal Opportunity, 3410 Beardshear Hall, 515 Morrill Road, Ames, Iowa50011, Tel. 515-294-7612, Hotline: 515-294-1222, email eooffice@iastate.edu.Iowa Department of Transportation StatementsFederal and state laws prohibit employment and/or public accommodation discrimination onthe basis of age, color, creed, disability, gender identity, national origin, pregnancy, race, religion,sex, sexual orientation or veteran’s status. If you believe you have been discriminated against,please contact the Iowa Civil Rights Commission at 800-457-4416 or Iowa Department ofTransportation’s affirmative action officer. If you need accommodations because of a disability toaccess the Iowa Department of Transportation’s services, contact the agency’s affirmative actionofficer at 800-262-0003.The preparation of this report was financed in part through funds provided by the IowaDepartment of Transportation through its “Second Revised Agreement for the Management ofResearch Conducted by Iowa State University for the Iowa Department of Transportation” and itsamendments.The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authorsand not necessarily those of the Iowa Department of Transportation or the U.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Highway Administration.
Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No.InTrans Project 12-4272. Government Accession No.3. Recipient’s Catalog No.4. Title and SubtitleEvaluation of the Buchanan County IBRD Bridge on Victor Avenue overPrairie Creek5. Report DateSeptember 20177. Author(s)Brent Phares (orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-4774), Travis Hosteng(orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-1296), Lowell Greimann (orcid.org/0000-00032488-6865), and Anmol Pakhale (orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-2276)8. Performing Organization Report No.InTrans Project 12-4279. Performing Organization Name and AddressBridge Engineering CenterIowa State University2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700Ames, IA 50010-866410. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)12. Sponsoring Organization Name and AddressIowa Department of TransportationFHWA Innovative Bridge Research800 Lincoln Wayand Deployment (IBRD) ProgramAmes, IA 500101200 New Jersey Avenue, SEWashington, DC 2059013. Type of Report and Period CoveredFinal Report6. Performing Organization Code11. Contract or Grant No.14. Sponsoring Agency CodeIBRD15. Supplementary NotesVisit www.intrans.iastate.edu for color pdfs of this and other research reports.16. AbstractWith the assistance of the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and three centers at the Institute for Transportation(InTrans) at Iowa State University, Buchanan County, Iowa was awarded a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) InnovativeBridge Research and Deployment (IBRD) Program grant to help construct and evaluate a replacement bridge that used innovativeconcepts to increase the bridge’s durability, while also striving to construct the bridge without the use of a traditional overheadcrane, making the bridge system an attractive alternative for county workforces and minimizing disruption to the traveling public.The innovative concepts utilized for this bridge included geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) abutments, high-performanceconcrete (HPC) with lightweight fine aggregates (LWFAs) for internal curing, and a cast-on-site concrete box-beamsuperstructure.Conclusions from the project included the following: The use of LWFAs to internally cure the concrete leads to higher strength of concrete and slightly lower weight of the beams. Lifting the beams from both ends using two backhoes and moving the beams over the creek was a successful approach and didnot cause any damage to the beams beyond some minor bottom flange cracking. The load tests performed on the bridge over three years indicated that the bridge joints are well connected and performing well. The construction of the beams on-site followed by moving them over the abutments was a time-saving approach, which led toless traffic disruption. The GRS abutments did not show any erosion of backfill or any other issues after a flood event occurred in the spring of 2015. Results showed that the installation of the vertical sheet drain in one of the abutments provided improved drainage conditionsover the abutment without the vertical sheet drain.17. Key Wordsbridge reconstruction—cast-on-site bridges—geosynthetic-reinforced soilabutments—high-performance concrete—innovative bridge replacement—internal concrete curing—vertical sheet drains18. Distribution StatementNo restrictions.19. Security Classification (of thisreport)Unclassified.Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)21. No. of Pages20. Security Classification (of thispage)Unclassified.22. Price71NAReproduction of completed page authorized
EVALUATION OF THE BUCHANAN COUNTYIBRD BRIDGE ON VICTOR AVENUE OVERPRAIRIE CREEKFinal ReportSeptember 2017Principal InvestigatorBrent Phares, DirectorBridge Engineering CenterCo-Principal InvestigatorsPeter Taylor, DirectorNational Concrete Pavement Technology CenterPavana Vennapusa, previous Research Assistant ProfessorCenter for Earthworks Engineering Research, Iowa State UniversityResearch AssistantAnmol PakhaleAuthorsBrent Phares, Travis Hosteng, Lowell Greimann, and Anmol PakhaleSponsored byFederal Highway AdministrationInnovative Bridge Research and Deployment Program andIowa Department of Transportation(InTrans Project 12-427)Preparation of this report was financed in partthrough funds provided by the Iowa Department of Transportationthrough its Research Management Agreement with theInstitute for TransportationA report fromBridge Engineering Center andInstitute for TransportationIowa State University2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700Ames, IA 50010-8664Phone: 515-294-8103 / Fax: 515-294-0467www.intrans.iastate.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ixEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . xi1INTRODUCTION .11.11.21.32BRIDGE DESCRIPTION .32.12.22.32.43General Information .3GRS Abutment Design .8Internal Curing Concrete.10Construction .11BRIDGE EVALUATION .273.13.23.33.44Background .1Objectives .2Report Content .2Tow Truck Pull/Lift-Test Results .27Backhoe Lift/Move-Test Results .30Live Load Testing .32GRS Abutment Evaluation .48SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.504.14.24.34.4Summary .50Conclusions .50Recommendations .51Future Study .51REFERENCES .53APPENDIX. SOIL BORING LOGS AND SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY .55v
LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Location of Victor Avenue bridge over Prairie Creek in Buchanan County, Iowa .3Figure 2. Plan and elevation views of the bridge .4Figure 3. Abutment details (Section A-A) .5Figure 4. Sectional plan view of beam.6Figure 5. Sectional elevation view of beam .6Figure 6. Deck cross-section at the transverse ties .7Figure 7. Beam interior span sections .7Figure 8. Excavation of the GRS backfill area after installing sheet pile abutments .12Figure 9. Placement of porous backfill material around the sheet pile edge for installationof drain tile and a pore pressure sensor next to the drain tile .13Figure 10. Placement of geosynthetic material and aggregate backfill material .14Figure 11. Construction job site .15Figure 12. Steel reinforcing cage for beam .16Figure 13. Internal instrumentation layout.17Figure 14. Gage installation on reinforcement .18Figure 15. Lifting/pulling setup .18Figure 16. Beam lifted by the tow truck .19Figure 17. Horizontal pulling loops after lift .20Figure 18. Concrete spalling on non-pulling end of the beam .20Figure 19. Strain gage layout for backhoe lift/move .22Figure 20. Installed strain gages and data collection system for lift/move .23Figure 21. Beam launching using backhoes .24Figure 22. Four beams placed over the creek on the concrete abutments .25Figure 23. Fifth beam being moved to its position using backhoe .25Figure 24. Typical top bar strain history (cross-section C top gages) .27Figure 25. Typical bottom bar strain history (cross-section C bottom gage) .28Figure 26. Horizontal pulling loop strain .29Figure 27. Strain history for south cross-section .30Figure 28. Strain history for north cross-section .31Figure 29. Strain history for middle cross-section .32Figure 30. Load cases .33Figure 31. Instrumentation layout and nomenclature .33Figure 32. Instrumentation mounted on the bridge .34Figure 33. Relative displacement gage setup .35Figure 34. Live load testing on the bridge .35Figure 35. Longitudinal strain distribution over the transverse mid-span (LC-1) .36Figure 36. Longitudinal strain distribution over the transverse mid-span (LC-5) .37Figure 37. Longitudinal strain distribution over the transverse mid-span (LC-8) .38Figure 38. History of the strain gages near Joint J1 (LC-6).39Figure 39. History of the strain gages near Joint J4 (LC-3).40Figure 40. History of relative displacement at Joint J1 (LC-6) .41Figure 41. History of relative displacement at Joint J2 (LC-8) .42Figure 42. History of relative displacement at Joint J3 (LC-9) .43Figure 43. History of relative displacement at Joint J4 (LC-3) .43vi
Figure 44. Experimental and AASHTO-specified load distribution factors for LC-1 .45Figure 45. Experimental and AASHTO-specified load distribution factors for LC-3 .46Figure 46. Experimental and AASHTO-specified load distribution factors for LC-5 .46Figure 47. Experimental and AASHTO-specified load distribution factors for LC-6 .47Figure 48. Experimental and AASHTO-specified load distribution factors for LC-8 .47Figure 49. Pore water pressure in north and south abutments .48Figure 50. Log of Soil Boring 1 on south side of east abutment .55Figure 51. Log of Soil Boring 2 on south side of west abutment .56Figure 52. Soil cross-section profile setup for slope stability analysis .57LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Mix design for high performance concrete with internal curing .10Table 2. Fresh properties for high performance concrete with internal curing (air contentand slump).11Table 3. Fresh properties for high performance concrete with internal curing (density andw/c ratio) .11Table 4. Peak microstrain values in longitudinal bars .28Table 5. Calculated box beam load distribution factors for 2014 .44Table 6. Calculated box beam load distribution factors for 2015 .45Table 7. Calculated box beam load distribution factors for 2016 .45Table 8. Slope stability analysis summary .57vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe research team would like to acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) forpartially funding this project through its Innovative Bridge Research and Deployment (IBRD)Program and the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) for sponsoring this project.We would also like to thank Doug Wood and Travis Hosteng for their assistance in conductingvarious aspects of the field evaluation.ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYRecently, there has been increased interest in constructing bridges that last longer, are lessexpensive, and take less time to construct. The idea is to generally increase the cost-effectivenessof bridges by increasing their durability (i.e., useful life) and minimizing construction disruptionsto the traveling public.With the assistance of the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and three centers at theInstitute for Transportation (InTrans) at Iowa State University, Buchanan County, Iowa wasawarded a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Innovative Bridge Research andDeployment (IBRD) Program grant to help construct and evaluate a replacement bridge that usedinnovative concepts, while also striving to construct the bridge without the use of a traditionaloverhead crane, making the bridge system an attractive alternative for county workforces.The innovative concepts utilized for this bridge included geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS)abutments, high-performance concrete (HPC) made with lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) forinternal curing, and a cast-on-site concrete box-beam superstructure.This project consisted of four major tasks to encompass its objectives. Preliminary design support and documentationTo support Buchanan County and the Iowa DOT Office of Bridges and Structures, the IowaState University team assisted with the preliminary bridge design process. Specifically, theresearch team assisted Buchanan County with the design of the GRS abutments and theOffice of Bridges and Structures with the superstructure design.The project involved the replacement of an aged timber bridge (the Slattery Bridge) with acast-on-site adjacent box beam bridge. The rep
Technical Report Documentation Page . 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. InTrans Project 12-427 . 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date . Evaluation of the Buchanan County IBRD Bridge on Victor Avenue over Prairie Creek September 2017 . 6. Performing Orga
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Death Certificate Index - Buchanan County (1935-1939) 9/13/2015 Page 1 Name Birth Date Birth Place Death Date County Mother's Maiden Name Number Box Abel, Mary M. 08 Oct. 1866 Iowa 17 Aug. 1938 Buchanan Unknown J10-0211 D2856 Abplanalp, Fritz c.1880 Germany 09 Jan. 1939 Buchanan Unknown 010-0019 D2889
Lizzie E. Buchanan Mrs. Sara Buchanan Come one and all as soon as possible. James was wishing to see his friends come. I wrote to Aunt Reed today. Maratha says she wants you to come soon. NOTE: This letter was written by Elizabeth Buchanan, daughter of Thomas and Jane Smiley Buchanan of Mt. Pleasant Twp., Washington Co., Pa. to Sarah Smiley .
