M.Sc., Botany Syllabus
M.Sc., BOTANYSYLLABUS(with effect from July 2018)Department of BiologyThe Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)Gandhigram - 624 302Dindigul DistrictTamil NaduIndia
M.Sc., BOTANY PROGRAMMESCHEME OF EXAMINATIONCORECOURSESFIRST SEMESTERCourse codeCourse TitleCLPECFAESETotal18BOTP0101Plant 18BOTP0105Taxonomy of AngiospermsEnvironmental BiologyMolecular Biology#Plant Anatomy, Microtechniquesand EmbryologyPlant Diversity, Taxonomy andDevelopmental Botany- PracticalsEnvironmental Biology–PracticalsGandhi in Everyday CC 18GTPP0001Total credits21CORECOURSESSECOND SEMESTERCourse codeCourse TitleCLPECFAESETotal18BOTP020818BOTP0209Plant Physiology &Biochemistry @Medical Botany44-3406010044-3406010018BOTP0210Cell Biology & 10018BOTP0212Plant Physiology &Biochemistry – PracticalsSummer 018BOTP0213NMECNCC18ENGP00C1Non Major ElectiveCommunication and Soft SkillsTotal credits23
CORECOURSESCourse 1THIRD SEMESTERCourse TitleCInstrumentation Techniques and4Research Methods @Plant Resource Utilization and4Biodiversity ConservationFundamentals of Microbiology @4Instrumentation Techniques 1PracticalsFundamentals of Microbiology1PracticalsField VisitMajor elective4Modular course2Village Placement Programme2Total CLPECFAESETotal44-3406010022--50-50612--7575* 50**200----50-502142--50-50FOURTH SEMESTERCORECOURSESCourse code18BOTP0420MC18BOTP0421Course TitleBiotechnologyEngineering @Seminar18BOTP0422Dissertation18BOTP0423Extension/ Field Visit18BOTP04MYModular courseTotal CreditOverall Creditsand# Courses may offered under MOOC/NPTELbased on availability online and the syllabus alsomodified per MOOC/NPTEL with equal credits*Evaluation by External ExaminerL-Lecture HoursP-Practical HoursE-Exam HoursCFA-Int-semester continuous assessmentESE-End Semester Assessment*Major Elective Courses (4 credits)18BOTP03EX18BOTP03E1 Mushroom Biotechnology18BOTP03E2 Plant ecology and Phytogeography18BOTP03E3 Recent Trends in Plant Systematics18BOTP03E4 Forest BotanyGenetic80@ A portion of the Course may offered underMOOC/NPTEL based on availability online**Evaluation by External and Internal ExaminersC-CreditsCNCC-Compulsory Non Credit CourseMC- Modular courseME – Major ElectiveVPP – Village Placement ProgrammeModular Courses (2 Credits)18BOTP 03MX/ 04MY18BOTP03M1 Advanced Molecular Techniques18BOTP03M2 Bioinformatics18BOTP04M1 Rural Biotechnology18BOTP04M2 Plant Tissue culture Technology18BOTP04M3 Recent Advances in Botany
18BOTP0101PLANT DIVERSITYCredits – 4Objectives:To enable the students: To have comprehensive knowledge on lower plantsTo understand the diversity, reproduction and economic importance of lower plantsTo understand the evolutionary significance of lower plants and GymnospermsLearning Outcomes:The course will provide a comprehensive knowledge on diversity of plant kingdom withfocus on Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paleontology.On satisfying the requirements of this course, students will have the knowledge and skillson: Diversified forms of plants Salient features of every classification and can describe the functions ofclassification Review critically the biology and ecology of fossil groups of plants Economic importance and special characteristics of the specified examples undereach category Phylogenetic relationship among lower plants Identification of fossil forms of Pteridophytes and GymnospermsUnit IPhycologyClassification of Algae by F.E. Fristch; General characteristics of all classes of Algae;Distribution, habitat, thallus organization, reproduction (vegetative, asexual, sexual) andlife cycle of Chlorella and Gelidium; Phylogeny and Economic importance of Algae.Unit IIMycology and Plant PathologyClassification of Fungi by C.J. Aleoxopolous; General characteristics of all classes offungi; Distribution, habitat, reproduction (vegetative, asexual, sexual) and lifecycle ofRhizopus and Agaricus; Economic importance of Fungi. General account on structure andreproduction of Lichens. Outline on plant diseases - causative agents, symptoms andcontrol measures of Tikka disease of groundnut and Blast disease of rice.Unit IIIBryophytesClassification of Bryophytes by W. Rothmaler; General characteristics of all classes ofBryophytes; Distribution, habitat, vegetative and anatomic structures, reproduction(vegetative, asexual, sexual) and lifecycle of Marchantia and Funaria; Phylogeny andEconomic importance of Bryophytes.
Unit IVPteridophytesClassification of Pteridophytes by G.M. Smith; General characteristics of all classes ofPteridophytes; Distribution, Morphology, anatomy, reproduction and lifecycle ofSelaginella and Adiantum; Phylogeny and Economic importance of Pteridophytes.Unit VGymnosperms & PaleobotanyClassification of Gymnosperms by K.R. Sporne; General characteristics of all classes ofGymnosperms; Distribution, vegetative, anatomy, reproduction and lifecycle of Gnetum;Phylogeny and Economic importance of Gymnosperms. Brief account of process offossilization, type studies on Agalophyton (Rhynia) and Leginoptris.Text Books1. Vashista, P.C., Sinha, A.K. and Kumar, A. 2006. Gymnosperms. Revised Edition.S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.2. Vashista, P.C., Sinha, A.K. and Kumar, A. 2005. Pteridophyta. Revised Edition.S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.3. Johri, R.M., Latha, S. and Sharma, S. 2004. Textbook of Algae. DominantPublishers and distributors, New Delhi.4. Johri, R.M., Latha, S. and Sharma, S. 2004. Textbook of Broyophytes. DominantPublishers and distributors, New Delhi.5. Pandey, B. P. 2004. College Botany Volume I & II. S. Chand & company Ltd,New Delhi.Reference Books1. Gilbert. M. Smith 1998. Cryptogamic Botany. Volume 1 & 2. Tata McGraw hillPublishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.2. Aleoxopolous, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. 1996. IntroductoryMycology. IV edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.3. Sporne. K.R. 1976. Morphology of Pteridophytes, 4th edition, B.I. Publication.4. Parihar. N.S. 1967. An introduction of Embryophyta, vol. III – Pteridophyta,Central book depot, Allahabad.5. Chapman , V.J. 1962. The Algae. Macmillan & Co. Ltd. New York.6. Smith, G.M. 1955. Cryptogamic Botany. II. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,U.S.A.7. Fritsch F.E. 1935 & 1945. The structure and reproduction of Algae, Vol. 1&2,Cambridge University press, London.8. Pathak, C. 2003. Latest Portfolio of Theory and Practice of Pteridophyta.Dominant Publication, New Delhi.
18BOTP0102TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMSCredits - 4Objectives:To enable the students: To understand the various aspects of plant nomenclature and classification To understand the classical and modern trends of Angiosperm taxonomy To understand the salient features of angiosperm families with special referenceto sexual charactersLearning Outcomes:Students are expected to gain theoretical knowledge and acquire basic skills on the planttaxonomy with special reference to Angiosperms. Upon completion of the course, thestudents will be able to: Illustrate the types; merits & demerits of various systems of classification Relate taxonomy and other fields of botany Combine classical plant taxonomy with modern molecular phylogeny Integrate concepts of plant evolution and speciation into and understanding ofhow organisms are classified in a molecular phylogenetic framework Learn the norms of ICBN and Construction of keys Identify the angiosperms families with specific key characters Learn various advanced tools to study plant taxonomyUnit IIntroduction to plant taxonomyHistory of plant classification; History of botanical explorations and botanical researchersin India; Detailed study on sexual system: Carolus Linnaeus; Natural system: Bentham &Hooker; Phylogenetic system: Bessey and Hutchinson; Angiosperm Phylogenic Group:Brief outline of APG - I (1998), APG - II (2003), APG - III - (2009), AGP-IV (2016).Unit IIBotanical nomenclatureInternational code of Botanical Nomenclature; principles of ICBN; Types method;Author citation; Retention and rejection of names; Publication of names; Effective andvalid publication; Construction of taxonomic keys: Indented and bracketed keys.Unit IIIPhylogeny and modern aspectsPhylogeny of Angiosperms: Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Taxonomic evidencesobtained from Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology, Chemotaxonomy and Moleculartaxonomy; Brief account on computer aided plant identification systems; e-floras; Virtualherbaria; Interactive keys.
Unit IVMorphology and Characters of important familiesSalient features; Vegetative and sexual characters of Magnoliaceae, Capparidaceae,Menispermaceae, Rhamnaceae, Meliaceae, Lythraceae, Fabaceae, Sapindaceae,Combretaceae, Vitaceae, Myrtaceae, Aizoaceae, Passifloraceae and Polygalaceae.Unit VMorphology and Characters of important familiesSalient features; Vegetative and sexual characters of Rutaceae, Acanthaceae,Bignoniaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Loranthaceae, Rubiaceae, Commelinaceae,Orchidaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae.Text Books1. Sharma, O.P. 2013. Plant Taxonomy. McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.2. Mondal, A.K. 2005. Advanced Plant Taxonomy. New Central Book Agency (P)Ltd., New Delhi.3. Bhattacharyya, B. 2005. Systematic Botany. Narosa Publishing House, NewDelhi.4. Subramanyam, N.S.1999. Modern Plant Taxonomy. Vikas Publishing House,New Delhi.5. Singh, V., Pandey, P.C. and Jain, D.K.1997. A text book of Botany:Angiosperms. Rastogi Publications, Meerat.Reference Books1. Simpson, M.G. 2006. Plant Systematics. Academic Press, London2. Ramasubbu, R. and Kumuthakalavalli, R. 2014. Trends in Angiospermtaxonomy. The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul.3. Pandurangan, A.G. Vrinda, K.B. and Mathew Dan. 2013. Frontiers in planttaxonomy. JNTBGRI, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.4. Pullaiah, T. 2007. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. 3rd Edition, Regency Publication,New Delhi.5. Sivarajan, V. V. 1996. Principles of plant taxonomy. Oxford and IBH publishingCo. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.6. Singh, V. and Jain, D. K. 1997. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Rastogi publications.Shivaji Road, Meerat.
18BOTP0103ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGYCredits - 4Objectives: To provide fundamental principles that provides an in-depth understanding of ourenvironment. To provide the scientific basis on understanding on environmental systems whichinterfere with population and wealth of our natural resources, environmentaleducation, pollution effects and control, monitoring and assessment ofenvironment.Learning Outcomes:The Course will provide an overview of scope of environmental biology,fundamental principles, natural and wild life resources & their conservation strategies,remote sensing and applications, pollution, effects and control, monitoring andassessment of environment. Understand the scope of environmental biology & Appreciate how ecosystemworksAppreciate how elements are cycling in the environmentIdentify the natural resources and importance of national parks, sanctuaries andbiosphere reservesUnderstand remote sensing and applicationsAppreciate the importance of environmental educationDescribe the types, effects and control of pollution and importance of greenhouse effect ,acid rain and ozone depletionRecognise the need of environmental protection acts and laws on air and waterpollutionRealise the organisations involved in environmental protectionStudy the importance of monitoring and assessment of environmentUnit IEcosystem, Productivity and Biogeochemical cyclesScope of Environmental Biology- Structure of Ecosystem- Abiotic and Bioticcomponents (NPTEL) -Types- Terrestrial- Forest and Grassland –Aquatic- Freshwaterand Marine- Food chain and food web, ecological pyramids (NPTEL) -ProductivityPrimary and secondary- Biogeochemical cycles-Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur andphosphorus.Unit IIPopulation and Natural ResourcesPopulation ecology-Natural Resources-Renewable- Food, water and forest and NonRenewable-Land, energy and mineral-Conservation of natural resources-wildlifeconservation and management- National parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
Unit IIIRemote Sensing and Environmental EducationRemote sensing-Components, types and applications-GIS and its applicationEnvironmental Education-Objectives, goals, scope, guiding principles and Centre forEnvironmental Education.Unit IVPollutionPollution-Types-Air, water, soil and radio-active-sources, effect of Pollution oh humanhealth and control (NPTEL)- Environmental protections acts - Air and waterEnvironmental Laws- Organizations involved in environmental protection.Unit VAssessment and MonitoringEnvironmental Impact Assessment-Definition, steps, methods and problems- Publicparticipation – Impact Analysis and Environmental Audit- Environmental Standards-Airand water- Physical, chemical and biological treatment of liquid effluents- Bio indicatorsand Environmental Monitoring-Bioassay –Application in Environment.Text Books1. P.D. Sharma 2017 Ecology and Environment- Rastogi Publication, Meerut.2. N. Arumugam and V. Kumaresan- 2017 Environmental Biology, SarasPublication, Nagarcoil.3. Purohit,Shammi & Agrawal 2012 Environmental Sciences – A New ApproachAgrobios (India), Jodhpur.4. Sharma, P.D. 2002 Environmental biology Rastogi and company, New Delhi5. Metcalf and Eddy 2011 Waste water Engineering- Treatment and Reuse.Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi. Pp.311-1026.References1. P.D. Sharama 2013, Environmental Biology and Toxicology- Rastogi Publication,Meerut.2. Pushpa Dahiya and Manisha Ahlawat 2013 Environmental Science- A NewApproach,Narosa Pub. House, New Delhi.pp.2.1-2.60.3. Agarwal, S.K. 2002 Eco – informatics. Vol I, III, IV APH pub. Company, NewDelhi. Vol. I: 135 – 165 : 265 – 311; Vol. III : 221 – 259; Vol. IV : 1-140.4. V.S. Kulkariani, S.N. Kaw and R.K. Trivedy 2002. Environmental ImpactAssessment for wetland protection. Scientific publishers (India).5. Kaiser Jamil 2001 Bio indicators and biomarkers of Environmental pollution andRisk assessment. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. pp.1 – 168.6. Kailash Thakur 1997 Environmental protection law and policy in India. Deepand Deep pub. New Delhi. pp. 184-197; 210 – 248.Course url1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/122103039/402. http://b-ok.xyz/book/671429/bc900f3. http://b-ok.xyz/book/2463090/f0ce34
18MIBP0104MOLECULAR BIOLOGYCredits -4(May also be offered under MOOC / NPTEL with Syllabus available online)Objectives: To impart information on the historical developments in Molecular Biology An in-depth study on structure and organization of chromosome, replicationprocess, transcription process, translation process and mutagenesis. To expose the students on the basic understanding of various techniquesused in molecular studies.Learning outcomes: Understand in-depth knowledge on Molecular Biology Know various types of Mutagenesis Understand in detailed mechanisms of DNA Replication Understand the overall concepts of Transcription Understand in detailed mechanisms TranslationUnit-I :Introduction to Molecular BiologyIntroduction and historical development - Central dogma of Molecular biology.The Logic of molecular biology – the efficient argument, examination of models andstrong inference. Molecules of life – DNA world – RNA world and protein world.Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome organization. Genes – definition, types andfunctional organization. Structure of DNA - primary, secondary and different forms (A,B & Z). Gene transfer mechanism- bacterial transformation, conjugation andtransduction.Unit- II:MutagenesisMutation – Types – Molecular and biochemical basis of mutation. Mutagenesis –Spontaneous and induced – Base – analog, physical agents, chemical mutagens,intercalating substances and mutator genes. Reversion – definition – Types –Mechanisms – application (Ames test). Mutants – Types and Uses – bacterial mutants,plant mutants and animal mutants.Unit-III :DNA ReplicationBasic rule. The Geometry of DNA replication – Semiconservative replication ofdouble – stranded DNA and Circular DNA molecules. Enzymology – DNA PolymerasesI and III, DNA ligase and DNA gyrase. Events in the replication fork – Continuous anddiscontinuous. Plasmid and ϕ174 DNA replication. DNA damages – DNA repairmechanism – photoreactivation, excision repair, recombinant repair and DSOS function
Unit – IV :TranscriptionBasic factors of RNA Synthesis - RNA ploymerases – I, II and III Transcription Mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes – chain Initiation, elongationand termination. Significance of pribnow box, TATA box, CAAT box and enhancers intranscription initiation. Rho dependent and Rho independent termination of transcription.Classes of RNA Molecules – Messenger, ribosomal and transfer RNA. Post –transcriptional modification - RNA splicing – role of lysozyme – Spliceosomes, Group Iand Group II introns Self-splicing. Capping and tailing of 5’ and 3’ termini of EukaryoticmRNA molecules.Unit – V :TranslationGenetic code – Definition, deciphering of codons – Universality of the code –Wobble hypothesis and codon degeneracy - codon dictionary. Mechanism of proteinsynthesis - importance of Initiation(IF), elongation(EF) and releasing factors(RF) - posttranslational modifications – protein splicing and folding – role of molecular chaperones.Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes – the operon model. Lactose, galactose andtryptophan operon. Feed back inhibition and Allosteric enzymes.Text Books1. Lansing M. Prescott, John P. Harley and Donald A. Klein(2002). Microbiology.Mc Graw Hill companies.2. B. Lewin 2000, Genes VII Oxford University Press.3. David Freifelder, 1996, Molecular Biology, 4th Reprint., Narosa PublishingHouse, New Delhi, India.4. H.D. Kumar, 1993, Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Vikas publishing housePvt. Ltd., New Delhi.5. S.C. Rastogi, V.N. Sharma, Biology & Biotechnology, Vikas Publishing HousePvt. Ltd., New Delhi.References1. R.F. Weaver and P.W. Hedrick 1992, Genetics Wh.C. Brown publishers,Dubuque.2. E.J. Gardener et al.,. 1991 Principles of Genetics (8th Ed., ) John Wiley & Sons,New York.3. Buchanan, Gruissum and Jones, (2000). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ofPlant; ASPP, USA.4. David Rawn(2012). Biochemistry. Panima Publishers.5. Richard Calendar (2005). The Bacteriophages, 2nd Edition, Oxford UniversityPress.6. J.E. Krebs, E.S. Goldstein, and S.T. Kilpatrick(2012). LEWINS Gene XI. Jonesand Barttlett Publishers.7. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publications, (2012).*(NPTEL) - National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning.
18BOTP0105PLANT ANATOMY, MICROTECHNIQUES ANDEMBRYOLOGYCredits -3Objectives:To enable the students: To understand the various aspects of plant development and sexual reproduction To learn different aspects microtechniques used in Plant sciences To understand the various developmental aspects of embryologyLearning Outcomes:This course outline is designed to develop awareness and interest among studentson plant anatomy, Microtechniques and Embryology. By the end of the course, studentsmay be able to: Discuss the structural elements of plants meristems, organogenesis andembroyology Understand the micro and mega sprogenesis; sexual incompatibility, types ofendosperm Acquire combined knowledge with special emphasis microtechniquesUnit IPlant Anatomy ICell- structure and components; Organization and types of Tissue. Anatomy of root (Primaryand Secondary Structure of Mono and Dicots). Anatomy of Stem (Primary, Secondarystructure of Mono and Dicots; and Anomalous Structure of Boerhaavia). Anatomy of the leafand petio
Developmental Botany- Practicals 1 - 3 3 60 40 100 18 BOTP0107 Environmental Biology– Practicals 1 - 3 3 60 40 100 . Reference Books 1. Gilbert. M. Smith 1998. Cryptogamic Botany. Volume 1 &
Biological Sciences OSU BI 201 General Botany BOT 1404 Biological Sciences OSU-OKC BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1404 1 Biological Sciences OSUIT-OKM BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1404 Biological Sciences OU BI 201 General Botany PBIO 1114 5 Biological Sciences RCC BI 201 General Botany BOT 1114 1 Biological Sciences RSC BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1215 1
BOTANY Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Theory Syllabus Effective from June 2018 . A Text Book of Botany Vol. 1 & 2. S.N. Pandey, P.S. Trivedi and Mishra., Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd. Botany for degree students, Algae, Botany for degree students Fungi, Padey,
Botany for degree students. Bryophytes 8th ed. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. Delhi. Schofield, W.B. 1985. Introduction to Bryology. Macmillan Publishing Co. London. Hussain, F. and I. Ilahi. 2004. A text book of Botany. Department of Botany, University of Peshawar. Journals / Periodicals: Pakistan Journal of Botany, International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemsitry, Bryology, Phycology. Title of .
I Introduction to Botany Introduction to Botany, its branches and scope. A brief history of Botany. Botany in Ancient India. Contributions of Indian Botanists – J. C. Bose, BirbalSahni, P. Maheshwari, B.G.L. Swamy, E. K. JanakiAmmal and M. S. Swaminathan. A brief study of historical developments of Kingdom system of classification.
Optional :- Botany o IFS Botany solved papers by Mamata Singh Paper I 1. Botany for Degree Students by A C Dutta 2. The Embryology of Angiosperms by Bhojwani and Bhatnagar 3. A textbook of Botany, vol- I,II & III --- Pandey and Trivedi / A textbook of Botany by Singh, Pandey and Jain 4. Textbook of Bacteria Fungi & Viruses by H.C. Dubey 5.
2. Vasishtha, B.R. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol I Algae 3. Vasishtha, B.R. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol III Bryophya 4. Vasishtha, P.C. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol IV Pteridophyta 5. Vasishtha, P.C. 1976 Botany for Degree students Vol V Gymnosperms 6. Bhatnagar, S.P.
departments that award degrees in botany, with the caveat that some institutions that had removed Botany from the name of their department could retain a botany degree. Even in 2004, with a few exceptions, only Research Universities had Botany departments. Of those surveyed in 2004, 41%
ECONOMIC BOTANY Vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 1-108 Spring 2007 Economic Botany Vol. 61 No. 1 Spring 2007 Devoted to Past, Present, and Future Uses of Plants by People Published for The Society for Economic Botany by The New York Botanical Garden Press Issued 30 March 2007
