Vitamin-Page 4

major cause of vitamin D deficiency is lack of sun exposure. Holick MF et al. Evalua7on, treatment, and preven7on of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical prac7ce guidel ine. J ClinEndocrinolMetab2011; 96:1911-30. LeFevre M et al. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: U.S. preven7ve services task force recommenda7on .

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is one of the most widely distributed water-soluble vitamins. A sufficient intake of riboflavin is important, as it helps the body to convert food components into energy, neutralize free radicals that can damage cells and DNA, and also convert vitamin B6 and B9 into their active forms.

A recent United Kingdom consensus vitamin D position statement indicates there is currently no standard definition of an optimal concentration of vitamin D, and that concentrations below 10 ng/mL should indicate deficiency.9 Widespread recommendations for testing vitamin D levels using a standard that is too high to achieve is another example .

35 1993). Traditionally, vitamins are categorized based on their solubility properties: Vitamin C and most of 36 the B-vitamin complex group compounds are water-soluble while vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. 37 In Figures 1 and 2, the structures of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) are presented

Therefore, vitamin D plays a key role in calcium and bone homeostasis. The fat-soluble vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is ingested as part of the diet or is synthesised in the skin upon ultraviolet-B irradiation (Holick et al., 1980). To acquire physiologic activity, vitamin D is firstly hydroxylated in the liver on carbon 25 by

Vitamin D3 improves bone health and deficiency causes a painful bone disease known as osteomalacia. Deficiency of Vitamin D3 also causes exacerbates muscle weakness and turn to fractures [7]. There is a relationship between the intakes of calcium, either alone or in combination with vitamin D, and reducing the loss of bone mineral .

The effects of vitamin C supplementation on the incidence of common cold episodes have been extensively studied. Placebo-controlled studies have consistently shown that high doses of the vitamin alleviate the symptoms of the common cold (Hemila, 1992,1994, 1996a; Hemila & Herman, 1995). In contrast, the results of vitamin C supplementation on

Vitamin D had a significant protective effect when it was given daily or weekly to people with lowest vitamin D levels: the risk of having at least one ARI was reduced from 60% to 32% in these people. Overall, vitamin D supplements reduced the risk of having at least one ARI. The study authors concluded that taking a vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency is of concern as it can lead to a variety of health conditions such as a loss of bone density, which can contribute to osteoporosis and fractures. Moderate to severe vitamin D deficiency in infants and children can lead to rickets (soft bones). Low levels of vitamin D have also been found in association with other

People with low Vitamin D levels in their blood have an increased risk of DMT2 Norwegian researchers 500 subjects w/prediabetes (most did not have low serum Vitamin D levels at outset) Received either a high dose of Vitamin D (20,000 IU/wk ) or a placebo After 5 yrs, 40% of participants in both groups were diagnosed w/DM J. Clin. Endocrinol.

vitamin D, resulting in widespread vitamin D deficiency and its devastating consequences on calcium and bone me-tabolism. It was the nocturnal rodent that survived the af-termath of the asteroid hit. It is known that the nocturnal rodent had developed a means of needing very little, if any, vitamin D to survive.(5)

from your diet. Too much calcium is not beneficial and may even be harmful. How can you get enough vitamin D for your bones? Many individuals need to take a supplement to get enough vitamin D. If you currently take a multivitamin or calcium supplement, check the label to see if either product contains vitamin D. Vitamin D