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Tanzania 2010Tanzania2010Demographic and Health SurveyDemographic andHealth Survey
NBS VisionTo be a preferable source of official statistics in TanzaniaNBS MissionTo facilitate informed decision-making process, through provision of relevant, timelyand reliable user-driven statistical information, coordinating statistical activities andpromoting the adherence to statistical methodologies and standards
United Republic of TanzaniaTanzaniaDemographic and Health Survey2010National Bureau of StatisticsDar es Salaam, TanzaniaICF MacroCalverton, Maryland, USAApril 2011
The 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (2010 TDHS) was implemented by the NationalBureau of Statistics (NBS) from December 19, 2009 to May 23, 2010. Funding for the survey wasprovided by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Tanzania Food and NutritionCentre (TFNC), Department for International Development (DFID), World Health Organization(WHO)/Zanzibar), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United NationsChildren’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP), and Irish Aid. ICF Macro provided technical assistance for the survey throughits MEASURE DHS programme. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the Government ofTanzania.Additional information about the survey may be obtained from the National Bureau of StatisticsDirector General, P.O. Box 796, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Telephone: 255-22-212-2724; Email:[email protected]) or National Bureau of Statistics General Office, P.O. Box 796, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania (Telephone: 255-22-212-2722/3; Fax 255-22-213-0852; website: www.nbs.go.tz).Information about the DHS programme may be obtained from MEASURE DHS, ICF Macro, 11785Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; Telephone: 301-572-0200, Fax: 301-5720999, E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.measuredhs.com.Recommended citation: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. 2011.Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro.
CONTENTSPageTABLES AND FIGURES . ixFOREWORD . xviiSUMMARY OF FINDINGS . xixMAP OF TANZANIA . xviCHAPTER 11.11.21.31.4CHAPTER 2INTRODUCTIONGeography, History, and the Economy .1Population.2Population, Family Planning, and HIV Policies and Programmes.2Objectives and Organisation of the Survey .5HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS2.12.22.32.4Population by Age and Sex.11Household Composition .12Children’s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival .13Education of the Household Population .152.4.1 Educational Attainment.152.4.2 School Attendance Rates .182.5Household Environment.212.5.1 Drinking Water.212.5.2 Household Sanitation Facilities .232.5.3 Housing Characteristics.242.5.4 Household Possessions .252.62.72.8Wealth Index .26Birth Registration.27Household Food Security .29CHAPTER 3CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3.13.2Characteristics of Survey Respondents.31Education.333.2.1 Educational Attainment .333.2.2 Literacy .363.33.4Access to Mass Media .38Employment .413.4.1 Employment Status.413.4.2 Occupation .44Contents iii
3.5CHAPTER 44.14.24.34.44.54.64.7CHAPTER 5FERTILITY LEVELS, TRENDS, AND DIFFERENTIALSCurrent Fertility.55Fertility Differentials by Background Characteristics.56Fertility Trends .58Children Ever Born and Living .60Birth Intervals.61Age at First Birth.63Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood.64FERTILITY REGULATION5.15.2Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods.67Current Use of Contraceptive Methods .685.2.1 Trends in Contraceptive Use .695.2.2 Current Use of Contraception by Background Characteristics .705.2.3 Current Use of Socially Marketed Pill Brands .725.2.4 Current Use of Socially Marketed Condom Brands .725.35.45.55.65.75.85.95.10Knowledge of Fertile Period .73Source of Supply.74Informed Choice .75Future Use of Contraception .76Exposure to Family Planning Messages .77Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers .80Spousal Discussion about Family Planning.81Exposure to Family Planning Dramas.83CHAPTER 66.16.26.36.46.56.66.7CHAPTER 77.17.27.37.47.57.6iv ContentsAdult Health Issues.473.5.1 Health Insurance Coverage .473.5.2 Tobacco Use .51OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITYCurrent Marital Status .91Polygyny .92Age at First Marriage .94Age at First Sexual Intercourse.96Recent Sexual Activity .99Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility. 103Menopause . 106FERTILITY PREFERENCESDesire for More Children . 107Desire to Limit Childbearing by Background Characteristics . 109Need for Family Planning Services. 110Ideal Number of Children . 112Mean Ideal Number of Children by Background characteristics. 114Fertility Planning Status . 114
7.7CHAPTER 88.18.28.38.48.58.6CHAPTER 9Wanted Fertility Rates . 115INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITYLevels and Trends in Infant and Child Mortality. 117Data Quality . 119Socioeconomic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality . 120Demographic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality. 122Perinatal Mortality. 124High-Risk Fertility Behaviour . 125MATERNAL HEALTH9.1Antenatal Care . 1279.1.1 Coverage of Antenatal Care. 1279.1.2 Number of ANC Visits, Timing of First Visit, and Source WhereANC Was Received . 1299.1.3 Components of Antenatal Care. 1309.29.39.49.59.69.7Tetanus Toxoid Injections . 132Place of Delivery. 134Assistance during Delivery. 136Postnatal Care. 138Problems in Accessing Health Care . 141Fistula . 142CHAPTER 10CHILD HEALTH10.110.2Child’s Size at Birth . 143Vaccination Coverage . 14510.2.1 Vaccinations by Background Characteristics . 14610.310.410.5Trends in Vaccination Coverage . 148Acute Respiratory Infection . 149Diarrhoeal Disease. 15110.5.1 Prevalence of Diarrhoea . 15110.5.2 Treatment of Diarrhoea . 15310.5.3 Feeding Practices during Diarrhoea. 15410.610.7Knowledge of ORS Packets . 156Stool Disposal . 15810.7.1 Disposal of Children’s Stools . 158CHAPTER 1111.1CHILDREN’S AND WOMEN’S NUTRITIONNutritional Status of Children . 16111.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children . 16111.1.2 Data Collection. 16211.1.3 Measures of Child Nutrition Status. 16311.1.4 Trends in Children’s Nutritional Status . 166Contents v
11.2Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding . 16711.2.1 Initiation of Breastfeeding . 16711.2.2 Breastfeeding Status by Age . 16911.2.3 Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding . 17111.2.4 Types of Complementary Foods. 17211.2.5 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices . 17311.311.411.511.611.711.811.9Prevalence of Anaemia in Children .
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