Understanding Female Genital Mutilation Cutting-PDF Free Download

Ritual female genital mutilation: management of women during the reproductive years Introduction The term female genital mutilation (FGM), also called female genital cutting or female circumcision, includes all procedures . modifications were incorporated in order to avoid ambiguities

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an umbrella term for any procedure of modification, partial or total removal or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons [1]. In 1990 the Inter-African Com-mittee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children adopted the term 'female genital mutilation'.

Promoting genital autonomy by exploring commonalities between male, female, intersex, and cosmetic female genital cutting J. Steven Svoboda*1 Attorneys for the Rights of the Child, Berkeley, CA, USA All forms of genital cutting – female genital cutting (FGC), intersex genital cutting,

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) also known as Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is a severe violation of girl‟s and women‟s human rights. Waris Dirie –Desert Flower –“Female Mutilation has no cultural, no traditional and no religious aspect. It is a crime which seeks justice.” FGM is p

20 ‘‘(41) FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION.—The 21 terms ‘female genital mutilation’, ‘female genital 22 cutting’, ‘FGM/C’, or ‘female circumcision’ mean the 23 intentional removal or infibulation (or both) of either 24 the whole or part of the external female genitalia for 25 non-medical reasons. External female

Female genital mutilation is a violation of human rights 8 Female genital mutilation has harmful consequences 11 . modifications to accommodate concerns and shortcomings, while maintaining the .

Female Genital Mutilation in gypt: ecent trends and projections 03 Female genital mutilation in the global development agenda FGM is a violation of human rights. Every girl and woman has the right to be protected from this harmful practice, a manifestation of entrenched gender inequality with devastating consequences. FGM is now firmly on the .

Female Genital Surgeries in Africa By THE PuBlIC POlICy ADVISORy NETwORK ON FEMAlE GENITAl SuRGERIES IN AFRICA western media coverage of female genital modifications in Africa has been hyperbolic and one-sided, presenting them uniformly as mutilation and ignoring the cultural complexities that underlie these practices.

Gross anatomy of female genital organs-1. Gross anatomy of female genital organs-2. Development of female genital organs and tract. Histology. Normal Pap smear under microscopy. . Pathology of female reproductive system Ovaries- neoplastic diseases, cysts (torsion), endometriosis, hemorrhagic corpus

female genital mutilation All regulated health and social care professionals and teachers are now required to report known cases of FGM in girls under 18 identified as part of their work to the police within 1 . This includes genital piercings and tattoos for non-medical reasons

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice with severe health conse-quences for girls and women. It occurs mainly in countries along a belt stretching from Senegal in West Africa to Somalia in East Africa and to Yemen in the Middle East, but it is also

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: The Secret World of . (e.g., pricking, piercing, incising, scraping, and cauterization). According to the WHO latest data, million women . FGM/C constitutes an extreme form of discrimination and violation of the human rights of girls and women, with

v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report's overarching objective is the examination of key trends in the evidence base of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) and gaps in knowledge for Nigeria, building on a scoping

C o u n t r y C a s e S t u d y: S u d a n Joint Evaluation of the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C): Accelerating Change (2008 - 2012) iv Table of Contents 5.7 Integration of horizontal issues and principles 45 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 47

-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Feb. 16, 2012 In February 2012, at the first-ever Zero Tolerance Day held at the U.S. Department of State, organized by USAID and the State Department, Secretary Clinton spoke passionately about creating conditions for ending female genital mutilation/

products [8], and genital mutilation and plugging [9]. Female counter-adaptations may include modifications of female genital anatomy [10], physiological adjust-ments [11], and concealment of paternity [12]. Females may also engage in pre- or post-copulatory sexual canni-balism, thereby preventing unwanted copulations [13–16].

children, because of the observation in adults that most genital warts contain HPV types 6/11 (and less commonly types 16 and 18) while warts on the hands contain HPV types 1-4 [8, 9]. If genital warts in children are caused solely by sexual abuse, the same HPV types should be found in genital warts in children and adults.

It is known that this practice has spread among western societies after translation and publication of Kama Sutra, a sexual doctrine book, in English [9]. The reference that . Female genital piercings are applied on clitoris, labia minor, labia major and preputium clitoris. The most widely practiced female

involving partial or total removal of female genitalia or other injury to female genital organs for any cultural, religious, or nontherapeutic purpose. It is illegal in the United States under federal law to perform this procedure on people under 18 years of age (see 18 U.S.C. §

Female genital cutting is also widely referred to as female genital mutilation and female ci rcumcision.\ . In Sierra Leone during the 1990s, thousands of women were abducted from their villages by rebel forces and forced to be the bush wives of rebel soldiers. These women were raped, beaten, branded, and forced to cook, clean, and bear .

The Twilight of Cutting: African Activism and Life after NGOs is a tour-de-force ethnography in which medical anthropologist Saida Hodžić richly and lucidly interrogates many of the intertwined debates shaping the politics of efforts to end female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital .

external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reason’. Scope of the problem The prevalence of FGM is illustrated in

UNFPA-UNICEF JOINT PROGRAMME ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING: ACCELLERATING CHANGE 2008 – 2012 COUNTRY CASE STUDY: BURKINA FASO E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y P u r p o s e o f t h e e v a l u a t i o n a n d t h e c o u n t r y c a s e s t u d y The purpose of the evaluation is to assess the extent

Female genital cosmetic surgery 1 A resource for general practitioners and other health professionals Introduction Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) refers to non-medically indicated cosmetic surgical procedures that change the structure and appearance of the healthy external genitalia of women, or internally in the case of vaginal tightening.

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Feminist Theory and the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Barbara S. Morrison, Ph.D. Introduction Feminist theorists over the past 30 years, while rejecting any sort of univocal trajectory in coming

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION 5 TEACHERS GUIDE FOREWORD Dr Tomris Türmen Executive Director Family and Community Health World Health Organization, Geneva. This document has been prepared by WHO as a teaching guide for those responsible for the training

female genital surgeries in Africa, in which she concluded that . What About "Female Genital Mutilation"? 213 the claims of the anti-"FGM" movement are highly exagger ated and may not match reality. Obermeyer began her essay by pointing out that "The ex haustive review of the literature on which this article is based .

Methods We did a serial cross-sectional analysis of genital wart diagnoses among Australian-born female and . heterosexual male individuals attending a national surveillance network of 35 clinics between Jan 1, 2004, and Dec 31, 2018. We calculated prevalence ratios of genital warts, using log-binomial regression models, for the

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*Genital piercings should be classified as type 4 FGM in accordance with the WHO FGM classification. 4. Health risks Acute Complications The most common complication is severe pain, infection, including tetanus and blood born viruses (including HIV and Hepatitis B and C) as well as potential for abscess formation which may lead to septicaemia;

genital piercings. 96 per cent were aged 17 or younger when the FGM was carried out. 98 per cent were aged 18 or over when first recorded. 93 per cent were seen in a maternity services or gynaecology setting. Caution! Only 26% of newly recorded women and girls have a known country where For other data items below, the proportion of known values

Digest refers to ‘Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female genital mutilation/cutting’, Innocenti Digest, UNICEF, Florence, Italy, 2005. Organized diffusion strategy refers to a process through which the knowledge and actions of one family or community can spread to other families or communities through social networks, provided that this

II), infibulation (Type III), and other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes such as pricking, piercing, incising, scraping, and cauterization.x Research shows that all forms of the practice harm wo

3. Infibulation: the most extreme form, removal of all external genitalia and the stitching together of the two sides of the vulva – Type III 4. Type IV refers to all other harmful procedures done to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, in

BODY SEGMENTATION - STRUCTURE AND MODIFICATIONS OF INSECT ANTENNAE, MOUTH PARTS AND LEGS, WING VENATION, MODIFICATIONS AND WING COUPLING . Eight and ninth abdominal segments contains the female genital structure and ninth segment with male genital structure. Abdominal appendages are genital organs and cerci.

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Some prefer Female Genital Modification (FGMo) §FGC is the partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia, and in about 10% of cases, sewing shut the vulva, leaving a tiny opening in which to pass urine andmenstrualfluid

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behind FGM in Western Culture, many cultures now denouncing the practice due to advances in women’s rights, the United Nations General Assembly adopting a ban of female genital mutilation in December of 2012—despite all of these factors, this practice still persists in t