TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION IN SUPPORT OF THE IAEA’S

TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION IN SUPPORT OF THE IAEA’S REMOTE MONITORING FIELDTRIAL AT THE OAK RIDGE Y-12 PLANTBobby H. Corbel1Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerque, New Mexico, 87 185Bruce W. Moran, Chris A. Pickett, and J. Michael WhitakerOak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc.Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831William ResnikAquila Technologies Group Inc.Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87185Daniel LandrethCOMSAT/RSIAtlanta, GeorgiaAbstractA remote monitoring system (RMS) field trial willbe conducted for the International Atomic EnergyAgency (IAEA) on highly enriched uraniummaterials in a vault at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant.Remote monitoring technologies are beingevaluated to verify their capability to enhance theeffectiveness and timeliness of IAEA safeguards instorage facilities while reducing the costs ofinspections and burdens on the operator.Phase one of the field trial, which involved provingthe satellite transmission of sensor data andsafeguards images from a video camera activated byseals and motion sensors installed in the vault, wascompleted in September 1995.Phase two involves formal testing of the RMS as atool for use by the IAEA during their tasks ofmonitoring the storage of nuclear material. Thefield trial to be completed during early 1997includes access and item monitoring of nuclearmaterials in two storage trays. The RMS includes avariety of Sandia, Oak Ridge, and Aquila sensortechnologies that provide video monitoring,radiation attribute measurements, and containeridentification to the on-site data acquisition system(DAS) by way of radio-frequency and EchelonLONWorks networks. The accumulated safeguardsinformation will be transmitted to the IAEA viasatellite (COMSAT/RSI) and international telephonelines.IntroductionA remote monitoring system (RMS) field trial willbe conducted in cooperation with the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on highly enricheduranium materials in a vault at the Oak Ridge Y-12Plant.The field trial will evaluate a variety of technologiesfi-om different commercial f m s as well as fi-om twonational laboratories. The system design wasaccomplished with input and review by all parties tothe field trial. Additional input was providedthrough collaboration with the DOE Office ofSafeguards and Security and the operationsdepartment at the Oak Ridge facility. The systemhas been in an ongoing installation process limitedby facility access during standard MEA siteinspections. This has contributed to delays in thecompletion of the system installation and the start ofthe field trial. Technologies that are being evaluatedinclude video monitoring, radiation attributemeasurements, container identification, itemmotion, and active access seals. The RMS sensorsubsystem communicates via the EchelonLONWorks network technology.DISTRISUTION OF THIS DOCUMWICT IS UNLiMITED

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A description of the system will be provided andthen the components of the system will be discussedin greater detail.System DesignThe RMS design is shown in Figure 1. Tray #1includes a radiation measurement and a container IDfor the individual containers. Tray #2 includes tworadiation measurements and a container ID for eachcontainer. In addition, both tubes include two activeseals and motion detection technologies for accessmonitoring to each tube.Sensor data is transmitted by a radio frequency linkfrom the motion sensors and the tray #I radiationsensors to a receiver. The rest of the sensor suiteand the receiver are hardwired to the LONWorksnetwork.The LONWorks network forms the backbone ofsensor data transmission and collection at the datanode. The data node is interfaced to a DataAcquisition System (DAS) computer for local datadisplay and storage.The DAS is interfaced to off-site communication fordata transfer to the IAEA Headquarters in Vienna,Austria; to the IAEA field office in Toronto,Canada; to Oak Ridge facilities; and to Sandiafacilities for data review and analysis. Two forms ofcommunications will be evaluated during the fieldtrial.Commercial telephone dial-up will beavailable for all of the facilities to use. Also, asatellite link will be available from the Y-12 storagefacility to the IAEA headquarters. Each facility hasa Data and Image Review Station (DIRS) availablefor the data review and analysis.SensorsThe sensor technologies will be discussed in fourareas; tray #1, tray #2, access monitoring, and videomonitoring.Tray #1Tray #I includes radiation attribute measurementsand a container ID for each container within thetube. The radiation sensor is the Oak RidgeRadCouple sensor. RadCouple is a gross gamma-raydetector that functions similarly to a thermocouple;i.e., with a constant voltage placed across thephotodiode, the current varies directly with gammaray radiation flux. The detector head is composed ofa cesium iodide (CsI) crystal optically coupled to aphotodiode. The detector head and electronics areconnected in multiples of three to an AuthenticatedItem Monitoring System (AIMS) radio frequency(RF) node for transmission to the AIMS receiver andinterface to the LONWorks network.The container ID is an implementation by AquilaTechnologies Group (ATG) of the DallasSemiconductor touch memory devices. ATG has acommercial implementation of this technologyavailable as the AssetLAN. A touch memory deviceis attached to each stored item for identification. Thetouch memory device is connected to a uniqueaddressable switch for the particular containerposition with the tray. The addressable switches areinterfaced to a LONWorks node. The node containsintelligence to provide periodic monitoring of thestatus of containers. Messages resulting fkom themonitoring include faulty interconnections of thetouch memory devices and the addressable switches,missing or new touch memory devices (implyingmissing or new containers), and a State of Healthmessage indicating general status of the sensor andnode combination. The node is then interfaced to theLONWorks network.Tray #2Tray #2 includes two radiation attributemeasurements and a container ID for each containerwithin the tube. One radiation sensor is the OakRidge RadCouple sensor. RadCouple is the samesensor unit as described in tray #I. However, thedetector head and electronics are wired directly to asensor concentrator panel that digitizes the signal andtransmits the radiation data through the LONWorksnetwork to the central data acquisition system @AS).The second radiation sensor is the Oak Ridge RadSiP.RadSiP is a single p-i-n diode that is capable ofenergy resolution for gamma ray energies up toapproximately 100 keV. The RadSiP sensor iscomposed of a Si p-i-n diode, a preamplifier andpulse height discriminator. The gamma radiation fluxthat is measured results fiom the Compton scatteringfrom the 186 keV gamma ray interacting with thesilicon. The magnitude of the flux in the energybandwidth measured is directly proportional to theenrichment of the uranium. RadSP serves as anindependent gamma-ray measurement to that of theRadCouple because the sensors provide two differentmethods of measuring radiation attributes of theuranium. The RadSiP sensor is directly wired to asensor concentrator panel that transmits the datathrough the LONWorks network to the DAS.

The container ID for tray #2 is an Oak Ridgeimplementation of the Dallas Semiconductor touchmemory devices. Each container has a touchmemory attached to it. Each touch memory has aunique identification code that can be read whentouched by the sensor head. Each sensor head isconnected to an addressable node that is in turndirectly wired to a sensor concentrator panel thattransmits item information (i.e., item identification,location) through a LONWorks network to the DAS.Whenever an item identification and locationaddress are established or broken the DAS isnotified. If the item is replaced in a differentlocation than its assigned location, the new locationfor the item is recorded.iAccess MonitoringAccess monitoring is accomplished with twodifferent sensor technologies. The first is active sealmonitoring and the second is motion detection.Two active seal technologies are used in parallel forevaluation. One is the ATG VACOSS fiber opticseal. The other is the AIMS Fiber Optic Seal(AFOS). The VACOSS provides internal memoryfor the time tagging and local logging of sealopening and closing as well as seal tampering. TheVACOSS is interfaced to a node that queries thatVACOSS periodically and reports status of the sealvia the LONWorks network. The AFOS providesmonitoring of the fiber status on a once per secondbasis. If the fiber link has been broken or the casehas been tampered with then the AFOS will reportthe status via RF to the AIMS receiver which relaysthe information to the DAS.AIMS motion sensors are placed on each end of thetray in both tubes. Any movement of the tubes willresult in motion events to be transmitted via RF tothe AIMS receiver which will relay the informationto the DAS.Video MonitoringAn ICAM digital camera system will be used tocapture event-triggered frames of video data. Thevideo data will be used in the assessment of eventalarms created within the RMS. The video framesare authenticated with the DSA authenticationalgorithm in the camera subsystem.Data Acquisition System @AS)The DAS provides several functions at themonitored facility including event data display, on-site data storage, local data review, and off-site datatransfer.Event data from sensors is displayed in pseudo realtime (a few seconds delay). The display of eventdata provides the capability to know the status of theRMS during installation and scheduled on-siteinspections. The R M S has been designed to operatein an unattended mode.Off-Site CommunicationsData will be transferred from the DAS to the DIRSvia two methods. Commercial telephone dial-upprovides a technique which is used by reviewfacilities at IAEA Vienna, IAEA Toronto, OakRidge, and Sandia. A satellite link will be installedfor comparison evaluation of the two methodsbetween the Y12 facility and the IAEAHeadquarters facilities in Vienna, Austria.During the installation phase, PCAnywhere(commercial software application) is being used toprovide remote control of the DAS and file transferfrom the DAS to the DIRS. The remote controlcapabilities are used to provide a method ofupdating software and monitoring the performanceof the DAS from the remote data review systems.When the satellite link has been installed betweenthe Y-12 facility and the IAEA Vienna, the systemwill be upgraded to transfer data files via a NetworkFile System (NFS). The NFS will be used on theDAS and all DIRS. In this mode the transmissionmedia (telephone or satellite) will be transparent tothe users.The satellite communications will be provided byCOMSAT RSI’s TerraSat 200 USAT product.TerrSat is a complete, end-to-end networkingsolution for reliable, thin-route, bi-directional datacommunications over the satellite at Ku-band, Cband, or extended C-band. The satellite systemincludes a hub located at COMSAT RSI facilitiesand two remotes, one located at the Y-12 facilityand the other located at the MEA Headquarters inVienna, Austria.Data requests originated at the IAEA DIRS will betransmitted to the hub for relay to the remote at Y12. Data files will then be returned to the DIRS viathe hub. Data rates for this implementation are at