How To Build Solid-State Electrical Over-Unity Devices, Rev. 2
HOW TO BUILDSOLID-STATEELECTRICALOVER-UNITYDEVICESREV. 2.0aWilliam AlekINTALEK, INC.3506-43rd. PlaceHighland, IN46322CONTACT INFO:PHONE: 219.924.2742EMAIL: alekws@intalek.com(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002
(c) INTALEK, INC., 20022
ABSTRACTElectrical coil-based devices that use Free Energy orOver-Unity effects require a unique understandingwhen determining their "correct" operation.These devices can be placed into three uniquecategories. The first category are classic coils thatuse ferromagnetic (iron alloy) core material. Thesedevices typically have a COP (Coefficient OfPerformance) less than unity. The second categoryare coils that use ferromagnetic cores and opposingand/or orthogonal magnetic fields applied bypermanent magnets (pms). These devices typicallyhave a COP close to, but NOT greater than unity.The third category are coils that use ferromagneticcores and/or pms in a special configuration, andhave unique operating requirements. These deviceshave a COP greater than unity.The purpose of this paper is to present the "hidden"mechanism that is at work in these devices whichcauses them to produce excess electrical energy.(c) INTALEK, INC., 20023
THE DEFINITION OF COPThe Coefficient Of Performance, or COP, is a unitless number, and is expressed as a ratio of theenergy out divided by the energy in.Coil-BasedDeviceEINCOP EOUTEINorEOUTCOP POUTdt PINdtFERROMAGNETIC DOMAINSA ferromagnetic domain of iron alloy core materialscan be modeled as an ideal "unity-gain" solenoid.The key words here are unity-gain, meaning that thedomains are in electromagnetic equilibrium with thethermal environment. External coils can mutuallycouple to these domains, thereby increasing its'inductance, and as a consequence, its' energy.µ oHBITHE MAGNETICAXIS CAN PIVOTOR ROTATESS-NANµ oHBFERROMAGNETICDOMAIN(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002 SOLENOIDMODEL4THE POTENTIALDIFFERENCE ISBOUND WITHINTHE DOMAIN
ORTHOGONAL MAGNETIC FIELDSMagnetic fields are represented as vectors. Addingorthogonal magnetic fields using permanent magnetswill " i n c r e a s e t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y µ " o f t h eferromagnetic core material. As a consequence, theinductance and the energy of the coil increases. Theresults are a higher COP value.YINCREASING PERMEABILITY:µXY µoINCREASES INDUCTANCE:LXY LINµXYHXYBY0INCREASES OUTPUT ENERGY:EXY EINXµoHXYINCREASING PERMEABILITY:µXYZ µoBZµXYZHXYZ0INCREASES INDUCTANCE:LXYZ LINBYµoHXXINCREASES OUTPUT ENERGY:EXYZ EINZ(c) INTALEK, INC., 20025
PERFORMANCE METHODSCATEGORYDESCRIPTION1Under-Unity Devices, COP 1.00Coil/Core - Classic DevicesClassic use of magnetic fields applied toferromagnetic (iron alloy) core materials.2Near-Unity Devices, COP 1.00Coil/Core/Magnet - SmartPAK POD, PODOpposing/orthogonal magnetic fieldsapplied to ferromagnetic materials.3Over-Unity Devices, COP 1.00A Coil/Core - SmartPAK ZPODElectrostriction/magnetostrictionphenomena of ferromagnetic materials.Cooling of ferromagnetic material isobserved. A "negative" Carnot cycle isoccurring within the materialB Coil/Core/Magnet - SmartMEG, MEG, PPFull flux transfer magnetic core anomaly.This phenomena is related to the nature offlux flowing within the magnetic material.C Coil/Core/Magnet - H. Kunel, Adams MotorA variable reluctance control of magnet in aCategory 2 Near-Unity device.(c) INTALEK, INC., 20026
A SYSTEM REQUIREMENT:THE "SOURCE DIPOLE"The source dipole, defined as a forced separation ofelectric charges, serves as a "starting engine" for allthese devices. A source dipole may be a battery, acharged capacitor, or any stored-electrical medium.A CATEGORY 1 Under-Unity device or aCATEGORY 2 Near-Unity device will eventuallydeplete, or collapse its' source dipole over time.However, a CATEGORY 3 Over-Unity device can beconfigured to maintain, or replenish its' dipole.TWO AND FOUR TERMINAL eDipole(c) INTALEK, INC., 20024Coil-BasedDeviceEIN2EOUT37LoadDipole
R&D PLATFORM:THE SmartPAK CONTROLLERTMDESCRIPTIONSmartPAKTM is the world's first all solid-state FREEENERGY or OVER-UNITY power managementsystem that transforms ambient thermalenvironmental energy to excess electrical energy.It provides a "standard" platform for experimenters,researchers, and developers to do energy-relatedpractical applications, experiments, and performexploration of the OVER-UNITY phenomena.T h e S m a r t P A K T M system is controlled by aMotorola 68HC908GP32 microcontrollerprogrammed to measure input/output voltages andcurrents, calculate COP, and contains softwarealgorithms for a complete "turn-key" powermanagement system. The system features a"standard" user interface, which allows the user todesign their own custom coil/core/magnet "headassemblies", and immediately test and display inreal-time its' performance.The theory of operation is based on the differenceof energy between magnetization/de-magnetizationcycles of ferromagnetic materials utilizing a coil/core or coil/core/magnet Head assembly. It hasbeen discovered that EXCESS energy isreleased during the de-magnetization portion of thecycle using a suitable core assembly. TheSmartPAK T M system is specially designed tomeasure, collect, and store this excess energy forlater use.(c) INTALEK, INC., 20028
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMCUSTOMCOIL/CORE/MAGNETHEAD ASSEMBLYSHOCK CHARGINGPOWER CIRCUITRYOUTPUTLOADLOAD ITRYSOURCE BATTERYINTERNALSUPPLYCONTROLLED BY68HC908GP32MICROCONTROLLER16X2 LCD DISPLAYANDSIX PUSHBUTTONSWITCHES(EXTERNALLYMOUNTED)PATH "A"PATH "B"PATH "B"PATH "A"BATTERY BANK 1(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002BATTERY BANK 29
SmartPAK XX10-XX Coil DriverI EXTR8C1TANTALUM0.013%D2I LD BATC28TANTALUMR220.013%EXT -V EXTV LD BAT- BAT1(2)J7P1 UserDesignedHead (POD)Assembly-C22TANTALUMP2J6D13NOTE:COP Pout / Pinwhere,Pout V LD BAT x I LD BATPin V EXT x I EXTDPWMGSQ7ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMNOTE:VOLTAGES AVAILABLE:12V, 24V, 36V, and 48V(c) INTALEK, INC., 200210
THE SmartPAK PODNEAR-UNITY DEVICEL12.5mHNMAG2 FERRITERODSS-INMAG4µ oHS-MAG3B FERRITERODSNMAG1SINµ oHNOTE 1:µoH: Produced by coil L1 and L2.B: Produced by magnet MAG1 - MAG4.L1 and L2 use 50ft of 16AWG magnet wire each.C-Core: METGLAS, AMCC-500.MAG1 - 4 are NIB type magnets.BSMETGLASC-COREL22.5mHELECTRICAL DIAGRAMThe SmartPAK POD is classified as a CATEGORY 2Near-Unity Device. The coil L1 and L2 fields aremutually coupled to the ferrite rods' magneticdomains, which are magnetized in an opposingdirection by permanent magnets.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200211
THE NEAR-UNITY MODELOF THE SmartPAK PODWith switch S1 closed, the current (iBAT1 ) flows fromthe source battery (BAT1) and magnetizes coil L.This action transfers or discharges energy from thesource battery (BAT1) and stores it in L. SourceDipole(BAT1)iBAT1vLLiBAT2 0LoadDipole(BAT2)S1D1t 0MAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLEWhen switch S1 opens, the voltage (vL ) across thecoil L reverses (Lenz's Law) and the energy stored inL flows out as a high-current impulse (iBAT2 ). Energyis transferred from L to the load battery (BAT2).SourceDipole(BAT1)iBAT1 0vLLiBAT2 D1S1t 0DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE(c) INTALEK, INC., 200212LoadDipole(BAT2)
THE ENERGETICS OFFERROMAGNETISMEXTERNALCOILICPERMANENTMAGNET VNLCIM ALM-S-POLARIZEDFERROMAGNETICMATERIALCLASSIC TRANSFORMER ANALYSISThe total field energy of the system is,ESYS EM EC - EMUTUAL1where,ESYS is total field energy.EM is energy of permanent magnet (pm).EC is energy of coil.EMUTUAL is mutual energy between coil andferromagnetic core coupled to a pm.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200213
Differentiating ESYS with respect to time is the totalinstantaneous power, PSYS or,ESYS PSYS2Because EM is conserved and does NOT change overtime,EM PM LM IM IM 0 Watts3Now, rewriting PSYS,PSYS PC - PMUTUAL4So,PSYS LC IC IC IC2 LC - M IM IC5FLUX PARAMETRICCOUPLING COUPLINGTERMTERMPCPMUTUALNow, of particular interest is LC of IC2 LC. For classicCATEGORY 1 Under-Unity devices,LC 0 Ω(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002614
However, by "strategically" polarizing the ferromagneticmaterial, this increases the permeability µ, and increasesthe inductance LC. This reveals the "hidden" mechanismthat makes these CATEGORY 3 Over-Unity devices,LC 0 Ω7Since the coil dissipates power, the instantaneous powerPSYS equates to,PSYS R IC2 LC IC IC IC2 LC - M IM IC8Since LC has the same units as resistance Ω, thisresistance may be positive or negative depending uponthe slope of LC. For example, if LC is "engineered" to bepositive, then the power is positive, however, if LC is"engineered" to be negative, then the power is negative.So, integrating PSYS with respect to time is the totalenergy, ESYS or,ESYS PSYSdt9In conclusion, given special operating conditions, theferromagnetic domain can serve as a "hidden" source ofenergy simply by mutually coupling it to a coil. The energyis in the form of excess electrical energy, and thedomains transforms this energy from the ambientthermal environment. This causes an observable coolingeffect in the domains.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200215
PERMEABILITY and FLUX DENSITY (B)THE FREE ENERGY "Alek Effect"B-H CURVEPERMEABILITY (µ)MAGNETIZING FORCE (H)PERMEABILITY and FLUX DENSITY (B)NORMAL VARIATION OF µ ALONG MAGNETIZATION CURVEMODIFIED PERMEABILITY (µm)(CAUSED BY ELECTROSTRICTION /MAGNETOSTRICTION OF IRONALLOY CORE)B-H CURVE IS SHIFTED LEFTEXCESS FREE ENERGYCOMPONENT DUE TOINITIAL MAGNETIZATIONMAGNETIZING FORCE (H)MODIFIED VARIATION OF µ ALONG MAGNETIZATION CURVE(c) INTALEK, INC., 200216
DYNAMIC B-H LOOP TEST FIXTURE10KPOWEROSCILLATOR(SQUARE WAVE)0.7uf"POD" HEADASSEMBLYUNDER TESTCURRENTPROBEP6042HORIZVERTSCOPE GNDEngineering LC will shift the BH curve either left or right.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200217
The SmartPAK ZPODOVER-UNITY DEVICED1 n x LSECLSEC1LSEC2LSEC3LSECn-T31:1µ oHT21:1µ oHT11:1µ oHµ oHSECONDARIESWIRED IN SERIESTn1:1PRIMARIES WIREDIN PARALLEL LPRI1LPRI2LPRI3LPRIn-LPRInELECTRICAL DIAGRAMThe SmartPAK ZPOD is considered to be aThompson-Plank PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE,and is classified as a CATEGORY 3A Over-UnityDevice.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200218
THE OVER-UNITY MODELOF THE SmartPAK ZPODWith switch S1 closed, the current (iBAT1 ) flows fromthe source battery (BAT1) and magnetizes coil L0 .This action transfers or discharges energy from thesource battery (BAT1) and stores it in L0. SourceBattery(BAT1)iBAT1vLL00iBAT2 0LoadBattery(BAT2)S1D1t 0MAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLEWhen switch S1 opens, the voltage (vL ) across thecoil L reverses (Lenz's Law) and the energy stored inL (increased permeability µ, of L0 ) flows out as ahigh-current impulse (i B A T 2 ). Excess energy istransferred from L to the load battery (BAT2).SourceBattery(BAT1)iBAT1 0vLLiBAT2 D1S1t 0DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE(c) INTALEK, INC., 200219LoadBattery(BAT2)
THE MAGNETIZATION /DEMAGNETIZATION CYCLEµoHµoH LSEC2-Tn1:1iMAGLSEC1LPRI3T31:1µoHLPRInLSECn -iDEMAGMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLELSEC2n x µoHµoHLPRITn1:1LSEC3HIGHCURRENTLSECn DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLEExcess electrical energy is released from the deviceduring the demagnetization phase of amagnetization/demagnetization cycle. A s aconsequence of releasing this excess electricalenergy, the device transforms it from the ambientthermal environment, thereby cooling itself.(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002D1--20
SHOCK CHARGING SYSTEMBY STEFAN HARTMANNELECTRICAL DIAGRAMThe Shock Charging System presented by StefanHartmann is classified as a CATEGORY 3A OverUnity Device. The excess electrical energy appearsin the secondary coil of the transformer during thedemagnetization phase of a magnetization/demagnetization cycle.The magnetization phase of the cycle is initiated byclosing switch S1. The fluroescent tube functions ascurrent limiting resistor.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200221
COMPARISON BETWEENT. BEARDEN'S MEG AND J. FLYNN'S PPT. BEARDEN'S MEGDESIGN 12VS1-AS1- MAGNET STACK 1VOUT2MAGNET STACK 2 S2-B 12VVOUT2VOUT1-MAGNET STACK 1S2J. FLYNN'S PARALLELPATH DESIGNS2-AS1-B 12VBOTH DESIGNS HAVE IDENTICAL SWITCH STATEST1T2CLOSEDS1OPENCLOSEDS2OPENSWITCHING CHARACTERISTICSThe Flynn design has a more efficient input switchingscheme than the Bearden design.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200222 VOUT1-
THE SmartMEGOVER-UNITY DEVICEThe SmartMEG is classified as a CATEGORY 3BOver-Unity Device.The design implements the efficient Flynn inputscheme. This devices uses the series-wired controlcoils and a double magnet stack.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200223
THE SmartMEG SWITCHING STATESS1-AS2-AS1-A 12VVOUT1 VOUT2S3S4--MAGNET STACK 1- MAGNET STACK 2S4MAGNET STACK 1 MAGNET STACK 2 VOUT2S2-A 12V- VOUT1S3- 12V 12VS2-BS1-BS2-BS1-BELECTRICAL NCLOSEDS4OPENSWITCHING CHARACTERISTICST1 & T3 : Wait for full flux transfer.T2 & T4 : Activate output switches. Collect excess energy.When S3 and S4 are open, the intended secondarycoil has a voltage bounded by Faraday's Law to thetotal flux flowing through its' core. This flux is the sumtotal of the two magnet stacks flux and the controlcoils flux.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200224
THE Heinrich Kunel PATENT(DE3024814) January 1, 1982The Heinrich Kunel patent is classified as aCATEGORY 3C Over-Unity Device, but NOT asshown in the patent.The "correct" operation of this device appears to be acombination of the SmartMEG and the Adams Motor.The magnetization of the control coil cancels the fieldflowing through the flux gate. Then, reversemagnetization of the same causes flux from thecontrol coil plus the flux from the magnet tomagnetize the core. An output delay turn-on circuitmay be required as a caveat to ensure magnet fluxtransport across the air gap. Excess energy can thenbe collected in the output coil.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200225
THE SmartPAK KPODOVER-UNITY DEVICEICICL12.5mH NFERRITERODSAIRAIRMAG1SL6µ oHNS AIRL4Nµ oHL1 and L2 use 50ft of 16AWG magnet wireeach.C-Core: METGLAS, AMCC-500.MAG1 - 4 are NIB type magnets.MAG4MAG3BSNOTE 1:µoH: Produced by coil L1 and L2.B: Produced by magnet MAG1 - MAG4.MAG2L3 FERRITERODSL22.5mHAIR NBSMETGLASC-COREL5S1ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMThe SmartPAK KPOD is classified as a CATEGORY3C Over-Unity Device.The coils L3 - L6 are the flux control gates, and areoperated bidirectionally (AC). The actual operation isvery similar to the Flynn input design. Output delayturn-on is provided by switch S1. This will ensure themagnet flux is transported across the air gap.Excess energy is collected in output coils L1 and L2.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200226
THE Adams MOTORNSNSSNDIRECTIONOF ROTATIONSTDCNSNMAGNETIZATION PHASEISourceBattery(BAT2)SourceBattery(BAT1)D1 DEMAGNETIZATION PHASENOTE:S1 is closed during themagnetization phase of amagnetization / demagnetizationcycle.S1-ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMThe Adams Motor is are classified as a CATEGORY3C Over-Unity Device.As the magnet approaches Top-Dead-Center (TDC),maximum influence of the magnet flux with the coil/core demagnetization phase is obtained. Hence, thecoil/core demagnetization energy is greater than themagnetization energy.As the magnet moves past TDC, the influence of itsflux with the coil/core decreases.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200227
FUTURE RESEARCHGRAVITONICSIs a scientific discipline that investigatesferromagnetic-based methods and devices thatcontrol or influence gravity.The latest Russian research shows a correlationbetween magnetostriction and gravity.Develop the Gravito-Ferromagnetic Space Drive.THERMOFERROMAGNETICSIs a scientific discipline that investigatesferromagnetic-based methods and devices thatcontrol or influence the ambient thermalenvironment.The latest Russian research shows a correlationbetween magnetostriction and the ambient thermalenvironment.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200228
REFERENCES1. Nicolas Zaev, "Inductive Conversion of Heat Environmental Energy to Electrical Energy",1999.2. Nicolas Zaev, "Fuel-less Energetics", 1999.3. William Alek, "The Motionless Battery Shock Charger", 2001.4. Jean-Louis Naudin, "The Parametric Power Conversion", 1997.5. Leon Dragone, "Energetics of Ferromagnetism", 1989.6. William Alek, "Analysis of Leon Dragone's, Energetics of Ferromagnetism", 2002.7. Spartak and Oleg Poliakov, "Gravitonics is Electronics of the 21st Century", 2000.8. Hayt & Kemmerly, "Engineering Circuit Analysis", McGraw Hill, 1993.9. Col. William McLyman, "Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook", Marcel Dekker, 1988.10. Technical Marketing Staff of Gates Energy Products, Inc., "Rechargeable Batteries,Applications Handbook", Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.11. Del Toro, "Electromechanical Devices for Energy Conversion and Control Systems", 1968.12. Halliday & Resnick, "Physics Part II", 1960, 196213. Pressman, "Switching Power Supply Design", 1998.14. William H. Clark, "Pulsed Current Battery Charging Method and Apparatus", US Patent3,963,976, June 15, 1976.15. Paul Meretsky, Amiran Carmon, "Inductive Device Having Orthogonal Windings", US Patent4,210,859, July 1, 1980.16. H. Kunel, "Procedures and Devices for Energy Production", DE3024814, Jan. 28, 1982.17. H. Aspden and R. Adams, "Electrical Motor-Generator", GB2282708, Sept. 30, 1993.18. T. Bearden and co., "Motionless Electromagnetic Generator", US Patent 6,362,718, Mar. 26,2002.19. C. Flynn, "Methods for Controlling the Path of Magnetic Flux from a Permanent Magnet andDevices Incorporating the Same", US Patent 6,246,561, June 12, 2001.20. Tim Harwood's Over-Unity CD Motor, l.(c) INTALEK, INC., 200229
ORTHOGONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS m o H X B Y B Z Magnetic fields are represented as vectors. Adding orthogonal magnetic fields using permanent magnets will "increase the permeability m" of the ferromagnetic core material. As a consequence, the inductance and the energy of the coil increases. T
Build State 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Ratio of Slow Builds in a Project (b) Ratio of Slow Builds Passed Errored Failed Errored and Failed Build State 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Ratio of Build Time in a Project (c) Ratio of Build Time Figure 1: Distributions of Build Time, Ratio of Slow Builds and Ratio of Build Time w.r.t. Build States
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