Safety Design In High‐Rise Construction
2011Safety Design in High‐Rise ConstructionJohn LeeApril 26, 2011 – 280 Broadway, 6th Floor Training Roombuild safe live safe
Best PracticesThe NYC Department of Buildings is a registered Provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported toAIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for bothmembers and non‐AIA members are available upon request.This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuingprofessional education. As such, it does not include content that maybe deemed or constructed to be an approval or endorsement by theAIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will beaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Objectives Participants will be able to learn fire protectionrequirements for high rise buildings Participants will be able to assess specialrequirements for egress in high rise buildings Participants will be able to navigate the code withrespect to special use and occupancies Participants will understand recently enacted locallaws that affect safety during high rise constructionof high rise buildings
Today’s Agenda Participants will be able to understand the special fireprotection systems required for high‐rise buildings Participants will be able to identify the egressprovisions of the code for high‐rise buildings Participants will be able to apply the structuralintegrity provisions for high‐rise buildings based uponoccupancy and seismic importance Participants will be able understand the changes tothe International Codes for high‐rise buildings andthe relationship between the New York City code andthe International Code
New York CityNew York is a city of high‐rise buildingsHome to many of the world’s first andtallest buildings
International Code Council NYC has adopted the International CodeCouncil body of construction codes NYC is an active participant in the codedevelopment process
High‐Rise BuildingsSpecifically addressed in section BC 403 Defined as having occupied floors locatedmore than 75 feet above the lowest levelof fire department vehicle access
High‐Rise Buildings75 ft75 ft75 ft1968 Code: 2008 Code: X75 ftLowest Level of FD Vehicle AccessAverage Curb Elevation1968 Code: 2008 Code:
Automatic Sprinkler Systems Required in all buildings with floors 55 feet inheight and with an occupant load 30 Required in all high‐rise buildings regardless ofoccupant load (as defined in BC 403)
Fire Detection & Fire AlarmsHigh‐rise buildings are required to beprovided with: Automatic fire detection connected toautomatic fire alarm system Emergency voice / alarmcommunication system
Voice Communication SystemsALL high‐rise occupancies require two‐wayvoice communication systems for use byFDNYExcept: I‐1, I‐2 and R‐2 occupancies
Voice Communication SystemsHigh‐rise residential buildings 125 ft musthave one‐way voice communicationsystems Required from the lobby panel to eachdwelling unit and vertical exit
Fire Command CenterRequired in ALL high‐rise occupancies in thelobby on the entrance floor for FireDepartment operations
Emergency Power SystemsRequired in high‐rise buildings andresidential buildings 125 feet to provideback‐up power for emergency systems
Elevator Lobbies When elevators open onto a fire‐resistance‐rated corridorOR When elevators serve a Group B occupancywith four or more storiesElevatorFire Rated CorridorElevator LobbySmoke Partition
Impact Resistant Stairs/ElevatorsStair and elevator enclosures in high‐risebuildings must be constructed of impact‐resistant walls
Stair DesignWider Stairway Width44” min. stairway width required in ALLoccupancies except : Stairways that handle 50 personscumulative for all stories R‐2 occupancies not more than 125’ high andeach stairway serves 30 occupants perfloor
Stair Design Ease of Step 7” max. risers and 11” min. treads required inALL occupancies except:o R‐2 occupancieso R‐2 dwelling unitso R‐3 residential occupancies
Smoke‐Proof EnclosuresOpen Exterior BalconyExterior WallOpening closure72”ExteriorWallOpen Exterior BalconyNaturally Ventilated Vestibule
Post‐Fire Smoke Purge Systems Required in all high‐rise buildings and otherbuildings listed in section BC 912 Intended for the timely restoration ofoperations and overhaul activities once a fire isextinguished
Elevators as Means of EgressMay be used as a component of accessible meansof egress, except in:1. Residential buildings 125 feet in height1. In other occupancies where the occupiedfloor is 75’ above the lowest level of firedepartment access
Photoluminescent RequirementsAll newly‐constructed high‐risebuildings, except R‐2 occupancies
Super High‐Rise BuildingsBuildings taller than 300 feet: Redundant automatic and gravity fed watersupplies Larger tank sizes for on‐site storage of water forfire fighting purposes Dedicated express Siamese riser Zoned systemOn‐site secondary water supply required at buildingstaller than 300 feet and in Seismic Design CategoryC or D
Structural Design Proposed Structural Integrity Provisions Applicable to all buildingso Vehicular Impact Design Load requirement, Section 1625.5o High‐pressure Gas explosion Design Load requirement, Section 1625.6o Continuity and Ties requirements – Requiring additional strength and detailingof members and their connections– Steel Construction –Section 2213» Structural Steel Members» Composite Concrete Slabs on Metal Deck– Concrete Construction –Section 1917» Cast‐In‐Place Concrete» Precast Concrete– Masonry Construction – Section 2114» Bearing walls» Piers & Columns
Structural DesignStructural Integrity – Key Element Analysis Key Element Analysis – Section 1626 Two Options:o Alternate Load Path Method – Design toprevent a disproportionate collapse assuming a“Key Element” will fail due to an extreme evento Specific Local Resistance Method ‐ Design keyelements for code prescribed loads
Structural Design (cont)Key Element Analysis required for: Buildings more than 600 feet (183 m) tall or more than 1,000,000 squarefeet (92 903 m2) Essential Facilities larger than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) Building with an Aspect Ratio greater than 7 Buildings taller than 7 stories where one structural member supportsmore than 15% of the aggregate building area Buildings designed using non‐linear time history analysis or utilizingspecial seismic energy dissipation systems (Base Isolation or Dampers)Structural Peer Review by a qualified independent structural engineer alsorequired – Section 1627
Building Under Construction Standpipe Air Pressurized AlarmsLocal Law 64 of 2009 Air pressurized alarms on standpipe systems at:o New buildings 75 feet o Full Demolitions Required:o Drawings of alarm systemo Alteration 2 Standpipe Application & Permit Testing
Buildings Under Construction Standpipe Hydrostatic Pressure TestingLocal Law 63 of 2009 Hydrostatic pressure tests must be performed on standpipesat:o New buildings 75 feet o Full Demolitionso Certain alteration work Required:o Alteration 2 Standpipe Application & Permit Testing
Where Do We Go from Here?
What’s Happening Outside NYC?Changes to the ICC ICC now requires impact resistant stair andelevator enclosures ICC now requires photoluminescent exit pathmarkings Fire service elevator and occupant evacuationelevators
What’s Happening Outside NYC?Changes to the ICCBuildings taller than 420 feet: Two sprinkler risers serving each sprinkler zone Three exit stairsoException for R‐2 (residential) buildingsoException for buildings with occupantevacuation elevator
Questions?This concludes the American Institute of ArchitectsContinuing Education Systems CourseNYC Department of BuildingsBuildings UniversityAIA Point of Contact:Allison 5
2011. Safety Design in High ‐ Rise Construction. John Lee. April 26, 2011 –28. 0 Broadway, 6. th. Floor Training Room build safe live safe
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