Religion, Values, And Immigration Reform: National Survey .
Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform:National Survey and State‐Level Surveys of Ohio and ArkansasAnalysis by Robert P. Jones, Ph.D. and Daniel CoxReleased: March 23, 2010Updated: April 14, 2010PublicReligionResearchInstituteth1101 Vermont Ave, 9 FloorWashington, DC 20005www.publicreligion.org
AcknowledgementsPublic Religion Research Institute would like to express our deep gratitude to theFord Foundation for its generous funding of this study. Public Religion Research InstituteRobert P. Jones, Ph.D., CEO1101 Vermont Avenue NW, 9th FloorWashington, DC 20005www.publicreligion.org
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary .1Survey Report .5Knowledge and Perceptions of the Immigration Process.5Problems with the Immigration System .7Immigration Reform and Values.8Comprehensive Immigration Reform vs. Competing Arguments.10Views of Immigrants .12Views of Illegal Immigrants.13Immigration Reform, Churches, and Clergy.15Re‐Contact Survey Update .16Methodology .17About Public Religion Research Institute.18
Public Religion Research InstituteExecutive SummaryA new national survey by Public Religion Research Institute finds broad supportacross religious groups for a comprehensive approach to immigration reform and strongapproval for clergy speaking out on the issue. It also shows that Americans in differentreligious traditions share to a remarkable extent strong support for a set of values thatshould guide approaches to immigration reform.The nationwide telephone survey of 1,201 Americans (n 1,047 voters), along withtwo state surveys of Ohio (n 402) and Arkansas (n 402) residents, was conductedMarch 5–11, 2010. The study was funded by the Ford Foundation.Among the top findings:Perceptions of the Immigration System Nearly half (47%) of Americans say the issue of immigration is very or extremelyimportant to them. A majority (56%) of Americans say the immigration system is completely or mostlybroken. Only 7% say the system is generally working, and about one‐third (34%) saythe system is working but with some major problems. Six‐in‐ten Americans believe that it is somewhat (43%) or very difficult (17%) forimmigrants to come to the U.S. legally today. White mainline Protestants andCatholics are significantly more likely than white evangelicals to say the legalimmigration process is difficult (65% and 64% to 51% respectively). More than two‐thirds of the public say the inability of the immigration system todeal with illegal immigrants residing in the U.S. and the inability to properly securethe border are very serious or extremely serious problems (68% and 67%respectively). More than 6‐in‐10 Americans (62%) also say it is a very or extremely serious problemthat the immigration system allows dishonest employers to undercut American jobsby hiring illegal immigrants.Values and Immigration ReformAmericans across the religious landscape largely agree on a clear set of values thatshould guide immigration reform policy. At least 8‐in‐10 Americans rated four values as very or extremely important guidesto immigration reform: enforcing the rule of law and promoting national securityReligion, Values, and Immigration Reform — 1
Public Religion Research Institute(88%), ensuring fairness to taxpayers (84%), protecting the dignity of every person(82%), and keeping families together (80%). There are few significant differencesamong religious groups; for example, white evangelical Protestants are just as likelyas white Mainline Protestants, Catholics, and the unaffiliated say protecting thedignity of every person is a very or extremely important value. A strong majority (71%) also say following the Golden Rule—“providing immigrantsthe same opportunity that I would want if my family were immigrating to the U.S.”—is a very or extremely important value.There is a significant partisan values gap, particularly with regard to support for cultural‐religious values and immigration policy. There is general partisan agreement about pragmatic‐legal values as guides toimmigration reform. More than 8‐in‐10 Americans across the political spectrum ratethe values of enforcing the rule of law/promoting national security and ensuringfairness to taxpayers as extremely or very important, with Republicans rating theseslightly higher than Democrats. However, by double‐digit margins, Democrats are more likely than Republicans torate cultural‐religious values as important for immigration reform:o For Democrats, the top two most important values that should guideimmigration reform are protecting the dignity of every person and keepingfamilies together. Democrats rate these values significantly higher thanRepublicans (88% vs. 74%, and 88% vs. 71% extremely/very importantrespectively).o Democrats are also significantly more likely than Republicans to rate religiousvalues such as following the Golden Rule and welcoming the stranger as veryor extremely important for immigration reform (75% vs. 65%, and 60% vs.45% respectively).o Democrats are significantly more likely than Republicans to rate America’scultural heritage as a nation of immigrants as very or extremely important forimmigration reform (60% vs. 44%).Comprehensive Immigration Reform vs. AlternativesAmericans across the religious and political spectrum support an earned path tocitizenship, one of the key components of comprehensive immigration reform. Nearly 9‐in‐10 (86%) Americans favor (6‐in‐10 strongly favor) a policy that includesone of the key provisions of comprehensive immigration reform—that illegalimmigrants be required to register with the government, work, pay taxes, and learnEnglish before having the opportunity to apply for citizenship.2 — Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform
Public Religion Research Institute Support remains strong across political party lines and all religious traditions.Religiously affiliated Americans are more likely to strongly favor reform than thosewho are unaffiliated.When asked to choose between a description of comprehensive immigration reform andtypical opposing arguments, Americans still prefer a comprehensive approach by amargin of approximately 2‐to‐1. When choosing between a description of comprehensive reform and an argumentthat illegal immigrants should not be rewarded with amnesty or taxpayer‐fundedsocial services, 63% of the general public—including strong majorities of all majorreligious groups—choose comprehensive reform with an earned path to citizenship,compared to 31% who embrace the opposing position, a 32‐point margin. When the description of comprehensive reform includes language emphasizing thatit reflects a commitment to the dignity of every person—by giving everyone “anopportunity to be responsible, contribute their fair share, and become full membersof society”—fully two‐thirds (66%) of Americans and all major religious groupschoose that option, compared to 28% who embrace the opposing position, a 38‐point margin.Other findings on immigration policy: More than 8‐in‐10 (84%) Americans agree that the American economy would benefitif illegal immigrants became tax‐paying citizens. More than three‐quarters (76%) of Americans agree that, given the opportunity,illegal immigrants would work hard to earn a chance at citizenship. A solid majority (56%) of the public oppose efforts to deport illegal immigrants backto their home countries.Immigration Reform, Congregations, and ClergyAmericans who attend religious services regularly (at least once or twice per month) aregenerally comfortable with their clergy leaders talking about the issue of immigration ina variety of settings, although relatively few report hearing about the issue fromreligious leaders. Roughly 1‐in‐4 (24%) Americans who attend religious services regularly reporthearing their clergy leader speak about immigration at least occasionally. A majority of regular religious service attenders say they would be very (25%) orsomewhat (29%) comfortable with their clergy speaking about immigration from thepulpit, and 6‐in‐10 say they would be very or somewhat comfortable with clergydiscussing the issue in their congregation’s newsletter or website. Larger majorities of regular religious service attenders would be comfortable withclergy talking about the issue in an adult education session (74%), at a localcommunity meeting (77%), or in the local media (75%).Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform — 3
Public Religion Research InstituteSurvey ReportKnowledge and Perceptions of the Immigration ProcessEight‐in‐ten Americans believe that immigration is at least somewhat important tothem personally, although intensity varies significantly. About half (47%) of Americanssay that it is very or extremely important to them.There are significant partisan differences in attitudes about the importance ofimmigration, with Republicans about 1.5 times as likely as Democrats to say it isimportant. A majority (55%) of Republicans say that the issue of immigration is very orextremely important to them, compared to only 38% of Democrats.Most Americans say they know at least something about the immigration process inthe U.S., although only 1‐in‐4 say they know a lot. More than 1‐in‐4 (27%) Americans saythey do not know much or know almost nothing about the immigration process.Religiously unaffiliated Americans are more likely to be familiar with the immigrationprocess than Catholics or white evangelicals (30% to 21% respectively). White mainlineProtestants report being about as familiar with the process as the general public.Americans living in the West are somewhat more likely than those in other regionsto report being familiar with the immigration process. Roughly one‐third (31%) ofAmericans in the West say they are very familiar with the process, compared to 25% ofAmericans in the South, 23% in the East, and 21% in the Midwest.Arkansans are somewhat more likely to say they do not know much about theimmigration process. Nearly 4‐in‐10 (39%) say do not know much about the immigrationprocess. Ohioans report being about as informed about the immigration process as thegeneral public.Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform — 5
Public Religion Research InstituteSix‐in‐ten Americans believe that it is very (17%) or somewhat (43%) difficult forimmigrants to come to the U.S. legally today. Only about one‐third say it is not toodifficult (20%) or not at all difficult(14%).Perceptions of Dif.iculty ofAmericans who are more informedabout the immigration process aremore likely to believe that it is difficultto immigrate legally into the U.S.Among those who know at leastsomething about the immigrationprocess, roughly two‐thirds (65%) sayit is difficult. Among those who knowlittle about the process, less than half(46%) say it is difficult.Immigration Process byKnowledgeDif5icult70Not Dif5icultDon't know6560465040433130Younger Americans (age 18 to 34)and self‐identified liberals are also2011more likely to say the legal104immigration process is difficult (70%and 72% respectively). Among0religious groups, white mainlineKnow a lotKnow a littleProtestants and Catholics aresignificantly more likely than white evangelicals to say the legal immigration process isdifficult (65% and 64% to 51% respectively).Approximately 4‐in‐10 (38%) Americans say immigrants today face a more difficulttime coming to the U.S. legally than immigrants in previous generations. They are twiceas likely to say the process has become harder than to say it has become easier (38% to19%). Approximately 4‐in‐10 (38%) say that the immigration process is about as difficulttoday as it was in previous generations.Nearly half of Democrats (45%) say the legal immigration process has gotten harder,compared to roughly one‐third of Republicans (34%). Political independents look largelylike the general public, with nearly 4‐in‐10 (38%) saying the process has gotten harder,and approximately the same number (40%) saying it has stayed the same. Finally,Americans who have grandparents who are immigrants are more likely to say that theprocess has become more difficult than those without immigrant family members (46%to 36% respectively).Arkansans are less likely to say that it has become more difficult to come to the U.S.legally. About 1‐in‐4 (27%) say it has become more difficult compared to 35% of Ohioansand 38% of Americans overall.6 — Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform
Public Religion Research InstituteProblems with the Immigration SystemVery few Americans believe the current immigration system is working well. Amajority (56%) say the immigration system is broken, with 21% saying the system iscompletely broken and 35% saying it is broken but working in some areas. Only 7% saythe system is generally working, and about one‐third (34%) say the system is workingbut with some major problems. A majority of Americans in every major religious group,including white evangelicals, white mainline Protestants, and Catholics, say the system isbroken or completely broken.Most of the public believe that there are a number of serious problems with thecurrent immigration system. More than two‐thirds say the inability of the immigrationsystem to deal with illegal immigrants residing in the U.S. and the inability to properlysecure the border are very serious or extremely serious problems (68% and 67%respectively). More than 6‐in‐10 (62%) also say it is a very or extremely serious problemthat the immigration system allows dishonest employers to undercut American jobs byhiring illegal immigrants. Slightly less than half (46%) say that the bureaucratic nature ofthe system that leads families to be separated for years or decades is a very serious orextremely serious problem.Problems with U.S. Immigration SystemExtremely important807060504030201003835Very important353030322716No way to handle Does not properly Allows dishonest Too bureaucraticemployers toillegal immigrants secure the borderand separatesundercut Americanliving in U.S.familiesjobsLiberals are significantly more likely than conservatives to say that the separation offamily members is a very or extremely serious problem with the current immigrationsystem (58% to 41% respectively). On the other hand, conservatives are much moreconcerned about border security, with three‐quarters reporting that it is a very orextremely serious problem, compared to just half of liberals.Americans who are immigrants or who have immigrant parents are twice as likely asthose with no immigrant family ties to report that family separation is a seriousReligion, Values, and Immigration Reform — 7
Public Religion Research Instituteproblem. A solid majority of this group says the inability to keep families together is avery serious (29%) or extremely serious problem (27%).Religious groups across the spectrum and residents of Arkansas and Ohio holdsimilar perceptions to the general public regarding problems with the immigrationsystem.Immigration Reform and ValuesAmericans want practical solutions to fix what they perceive to be a brokenimmigration system, but they also believe immigration reform should be guided by anumber of key values. Four values are rated very or extremely important by at least 8‐in‐10 Americans: enforcing the rule of law and promoting national security (88%),ensuring fairness to taxpayers (84%), protecting the dignity of every person (82%), andkeeping families together (80%). A strong majority (71%) also say following the GoldenRule—“providing immigrants the same opportunity that I would want if my family wereimmigrating to the U.S.”—is a very or extremely important value. Smaller majorities saycontinuing America’s heritage as a nation of immigrants or following the biblicalexample of welcoming the stranger are very or extremely important guides forimmigration reform (54% and 53% respectively).Religious groups acrossthe spectrum largely agreeValues Important toon a set of values that shouldImmigration Reformguide approaches toExtremely importantVery importantimmigration reform; thereare few significantEnforcing the rule of law/5038promoting national securitydifferences between them.For instance, whiteEnsuring fairness to taxpayers4242evangelicals are just as likelyProtecting the dignity of everyas white Mainline4339personProtestants, Catholics, andKeeping families together3941the unaffiliated to sayprotecting the dignity ofFollowing the Golden Rule3140every person or keepingAmerica's heritage as a nationfamilies together is very or2034of immigrantsextremely important. WhiteWelcoming the stranger2033evangelicals are somewhatmore likely to say that the0 20 40 60 80 100biblical value of welcomingthe stranger is an importantmoral guide than other religious groups (63% vs. 53% of the general public), althoughthis value still ranks comparatively lower than most other values.8 — Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform
Public Religion Research InstituteThere is, however, aValues that Should Guide Immigration Reform Policysignificant partisanBy Political Party Affiliationvalues gap. When thePercent saying value extremely or very importantvalues are separated intoDem‐pragmatic‐legal andAllDemIndRepRepcultural‐religious values,Pragmatic‐Legal Valuessignificant differencesappear betweenEnforcing the rule oflaw/promoting nationalRepublicans andsecurity88848991‐7Democrats. Among theEnsuring fairness topragmatic‐legal values oftaxpayers84838489‐6enforcing the rule ofCultural‐Religious Valueslaw/promoting nationalProtecting the dignity ofsecurity and ensuring8288827414every personfairness to taxpayers,Keeping families together8088807117there is closer partisan7175726510agreement. More than 8‐ Following the Golden Rulein‐10 Americans acrossAmerica's heritage as anation of immigrants5460554416the political spectrumrank these values asWelcoming the stranger5360514515extremely or veryimportant, with Republicans ranking these slightly more important than Democrats (7and 6 points respectively).Democrats, however, rate all of the cultural‐religious values higher than Republicansby double‐digit margins. For Democrats, the top two most important values that shouldguide immigration reform are the values of protecting the human dignity of everyperson and keeping families together. Democrats rate these values 14 points and 17points higher respectively than Republicans, and even slightly outrank the pragmatic‐legal values among Democrats. Democrats also rate the values that are more directlytied to biblical principles, following the Golden Rule and welcoming the stranger, higherthan Republicans (10 points and 15 points respectively). Finally, by a margin of 16points, Democrats are significantly more likely than Republicans to rate America’scultural heritage as a nation of immigrants as very or extremely important.Ohio and Arkansas residents largely mirror the general public it terms of the valuesthey say are important. However, Arkansans rate the importance of continuingAmerica’s heritage as a nation of immigrants slightly higher than Americans overall (61%to 54% respectively).Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform — 9
Public Religion Research
Public Religion Research Institute 2 — Religion, Values, and Immigration Reform (88%), ensuring fairness to taxpayers (84%), protecting the dignity of every person
Common Immigration Terms ! Immigration practitioners have a habit of referring to immigration law concepts by "form numbers." They also use abbreviations for laws or words or even letters/ numbers found in immigration laws. People are often "cases." ! Example 1: Form numbers are usually taken from government application forms.
Codified at 8 USC Section 1101 et. seq., but immigration practitioners frequently cite to the INA section rather than the USC section when describing immigration provisions. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) - Also known as Simpson-Mazzoli Act or the 1986 amnesty
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