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ARCHIVETutorial2006“Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing:A Primer For The BiTS Professional”Thomas AllsupManager of TechnologyAnida TechnologiesCOPYRIGHT NOTICE The papers in this publication comprise the proceedings of the 2006 BiTS Workshop. They reflect theauthors’ opinions and are reproduced as presented , without change. Their inclusion in this publicationdoes not constitute an endorsement by the BiTS Workshop, the sponsors, BiTS Workshop LLC, or theauthors. There is NO copyright protection claimed by this publication or the authors. However, each presentationis the work of the authors and their respective companies: as such, it is strongly suggested that any usereflect proper acknowledgement to the appropriate source. Any questions regarding the use of anymaterials presented should be directed to the author/s or their companies. The BiTS logo and ‘Burn-in & Test Socket Workshop’ are trademarks of BiTS Workshop LLC.
Tutorial 32006Why Are We Here? 2006Geometric Dimensioningand Tolerancing:A Primer for the BiTSProfessional Many will believe that a class onGeometric Dimensioning andTolerances is like taking a high schoolEnglish again. Those people are 100% correct. Learning GD&T is exactly like learninga new language.Thomas Allsuptallsup@anidatech.com3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial13/12/2006 Teaching people whodon’t want to learn orthink they don’t need tois a difficult task. Here’s some conceptsthat might help youteach / learn GD&T.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial Although the presentation is“canned”, questions aren’t justencouraged - they are expected.– Will this be on the test? You didn’t learn English by keepingyour mouth shut.– However our time is short today soplease hold your long questions untileach break.33/12/2006The Standard4 Official Title: Geometrical ProductSpecifications (GPS) -- Geometricaltolerancing -- Tolerances of form,orientation, location and run-out Every revision of the American standardhas brought more harmony with the ISOequivalent.– Softbound: 135– PDF: 156– CD-ROM: 780– And vice versa as well. Everything we talkabout today is fromthis standard.BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialISO 1101:2004 ASME Y14.5M19943/12/20062There Are No StupidQuestionsTricks?3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial Everyone has heard of ISO9000 but little issaid about ISO1101 because it is veryclose to ASME Y14.5M-1994.53/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial61
Tutorial 32006Periodic Table ofElementsFOPRL? Remember highschoolchemistry? Columns androws both groupelements. Each box hasinformationabout just thatelement. This section starts looking at the 14GD&T control symbols. We will use a technique that Ideveloped based on a concept similarto the Periodic Table of Elements inChemistry.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial73/12/2006Element InformationBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial8Periodic Table of GD&T Columnsand rowsboth groupcontrols. Each boxhasinformationabout justthat control.In each element, the chart makers placeinformation so someone “skilled in the arts” willhave all the information they need to work withthe element.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial93/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial10Five Kinds of GeometricControlFOPRL Legend All of these controls act just like theysound like:– Form– Orientation– Profile– Runout– LocationIn each control, we place information sosomeone “skilled in the arts” will have all theinformation they need to work with the control.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial This is how we get F O P R L.113/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial122
Tutorial 32006FormForm ControlsStraightness First kind of geometric control we lookat is the simplest: Form. Form control is just like it sounds, theycontrol the acceptable variance in theshape of a feature. There are four kinds of form control - Iremember them by saying 2D-3D-2D3D - let’s see why.3/12/2006 What geometry is two dimensionaland linear?– Answer: A straight line Let’s call the control of a straight line,the STRAIGHTNESS. The icon to represent a straight linewould be a line -BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial133/12/2006Form14FormFlatnessCircularity What geometry is three dimensionaland linear? What geometry is two dimensional androtary in nature?– Answer: A flat plane– Answer: A circle Let’s call the control of a flat plane,the FLATNESS. The icon to represent a flat planewould be the shape of a plane c3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial Let’s call the control of a circle, theCIRCULARITY. The icon to represent a circle would be acircle eBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial153/12/2006FormBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial16Form CalloutsCylindricity3D2D What geometry is three dimensional and rotary innature?– Answer: A cylinder (Don’t guess sphere) Let’s call the control of a cylinder, theCYLINDRICITY.2D3D The icon to represent a cylinder would be a made upsymbol g– More on why this makes sense later.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial173/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial183
Tutorial 32006FOPRLOrientation ControlsIn ProcessFORMORIENTATIONPROFILERUNOUT Second kind of geometric control we look at isthe next simplest: Orientation. Orientation control is just like it sounds, theycontrol the acceptable variance in thedirection of a feature. There are three kinds of orientation control - Iremember them thinking about my arm swingfrom horizontal to CYLINDRICITYgWe can cheat and see that there must bethree orientation controls.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialAerobics Time!193/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial20OrientationOrientation AnglesParallelism When your arm is horizontal, what is the angleit forms with the ground? What orientation is at zero degreesfrom the reference?– Zero, it is parallel with the ground.– Parallelism As you rotate you arm, the angle is somearbitrary angle. When your arm in pointing up, what is the angleit forms with the ground? The icon to represent when thingsshould be parallel would be a twoparallel lines f– Ninety degrees, it is perpendicular with the ground.Since the ground is our reference, let’let’s call it adatum. There’There’ll be much more on these later.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial213/12/2006Angularity Two dimensional rotational formcontrol Circularity e plus Parallel What orientation is any angle?– Answer: Angularityorientation of the sides f equals The icon to represent when twothree dimensional rotational formcontrol Cylindricity gthings are at an arbitrary angle lookslike an angle a It kind of all makes sense, doesn’t it?BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial22OrientationCylindricity Revisited3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial233/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial244
Tutorial 32006OrientationOrientation CalloutsPerpendicularity What orientation is at ninety degreesfrom the reference?– Answer: Perpendicularity The icon to represent when thingsshould be perpendicular would besomething that looks like b3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T NOUT Now let’s start looking at the complicatedgeometric controls: Profile Controls. Profile control is just like it sounds, theycontrol the acceptable variance in theprofile of a feature. There are two kinds of profile control - Iremember them by thinking 2006We can cheat and see that there must betwo profile controls.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial273/12/200628Line Most people think of complex shapes likethe contour of a car but the profile can beas simple as a line or circle. Inspectors love checking profile controlledfeatures because they can place a clearoverlay on the feature and simply say passor fail.BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialProfile ControlComplex Profiles?3/12/200626Profile ControlsIn ProcessFORMBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial We call the two dimensional profilecontrol “line profile” or “profile of aline”.– The line in question can be any shape, orany number of lines, arcs, or splines. The icon used to represent a lineprofile is kDon’Don’t turn that frownupside down!293/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial305
Tutorial 32006Profile ControlProfile CalloutSurface We call the three dimensional profilecontrol “surface profile” or “profile of asurface”.– The surface in question can be anyshape, or any number of planes orsurfaces. The icon used to represent a surfaceprofile is d3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T NESSPARALLELISMLINE PROFILE-fkFLATNESSANGULARITYSURFACE PROFILE Let’s continue looking at the complicatedgeometric controls: Runout Controls. Runout control is just like it sounds, theycontrol the acceptable variance in arevolved feature. There are two kinds of profile control - Iremember them by thinking TbCYLINDRICITYg3/12/2006You getting tired of 2D2D-3D?Last time I use it, promise.We can cheat and see that there must betwo runout controls as well.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial333/12/2006Runout Control34Total We call the two dimensionalrunout control “circular runout”. We call the three dimensional runoutcontrol “total runout”. The icon used to representcircular runout is h The icon used to represent circularrunout is t Note this symbol looks like theneedle from a dial indicatorand that’s exactly how wemeasure it.BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialRunout ControlCircular3/12/200632Runout ControlsIn ProcessFORMBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial This is a perfect time to talk aboutwhat we call the rotation of the dialindicator over a feature.353/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial366
Tutorial 32006FOPRLRunout CalloutIn ALLELISMLINE PROFILE-fkCIRCULARRUNOUTFLATNESSANGULARITYSURFACE AL RUNOUTtbCYLINDRICITYg3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial373/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialPosition The obvious location control for featuresis position. The last kind of geometric control we look at is thenext most complicated: Location. Location control is just like it sounds, they control theacceptable variance in the location of a feature. The icon to represent where a featureshould be, we use a target symbol j– These controls are so important that entire chapter of thestandard deals with these controls and entire seminars arebased on understanding true position theory and practice. This reminds me of one of my favorite militarysayings: There are three kinds of location control - I have ahard time remembering the last two of these anddon’t have a good way of helping you so it’smemorization time.– Mechanical engineers build weapons.– Civil engineers build targets.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial393/12/2006LocationBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialConcentricity The first non-obvious location control iscalled symmetry. The second non-obvious location controlis called concentricity. The icon to represent when two thingsshould be symmetric is i The icon to represent when two thingsshould have the same center axis is r Most GD&T newbies love hearing aboutthis symbol and are anxious to use italthough they probably should be usingrunout - this is hard to inspect. Note the icon shows a mirror referenceline (the datum) and two little symmetriclines. I have never placed a symmetric tolerance on adrawing or checked a drawing that had it (correct).BiTS 2006 GD&T ion Controls3/12/2006There’There’s a reason that we put profile andrunout next to each other. All thesecontrols could replace all the other controls.413/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial427
Tutorial 32006FOPRLPosition NSTRAIGHTNESSPARALLELISMLINE aCIRCULARITYPERPENDICULARITYekSURFACE PROFILEdhTOTAL 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial433/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial44FOPRL LegendCFOPRL LegendWe’ll leave this area blank except for theIn each control, we place information sosomeone “skilled in the arts” will have all theinformation they need to work with the control.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorialcontrols that can have cylindrical tolerancezone and then we’ll put453/12/200646Between two linesBetween two planesBetween two curvesBetween two curved surfacesBetween two circlesBetween two cylindersWithin a cylinderWithin a sphereFull Indicator MovementThree options: Datums not allowed Datums required Datums are allowed but not required isjust left blankBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialFOPRL LegendZFOPRL LegendD3/12/2006n.473/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial488
Tutorial 32006FOPRL LegendAFOPRL Legendmm MMC Tangent Planel LMC @ Free States RFS p Projected Tolerance ZoneEveryone turn in your standard to pagenumber Until you have a standard, you’you’ll just totrust me.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial493/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial50What’s Coming Up We now have the preliminaryinformation on the FOPRL chart. Let’s start talking about features ofsize, tolerance zones, and datums.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial513/12/2006 ASME Y14.5M-1994 Section 1.3.12Defines a Feature as the general termapplied to a physical portion of a part,such as a surface, pin, tab, hole, or slot. We will now go deeper into the concepts ofGD&T by starting to look at features of size. This conversation will led us to discussingmodifiers.– Modifiers are the little letters in circles. In other words, any distinctive portion ofa part that might be dimensioned is a“feature”. Along the way, we’ll learn Rule #2 of GD&T. We’ll finish by starting to talk about tolerancezones & shapes of all the geometric controls.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial52What’s a Feature?Features of Size3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial533/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial549
Tutorial 32006What is Size?Size Isn’t Important 1.3.24 Actual Size : The general term for thesize of a produced feature.Physical features are grouped into twodistinct regimes:– This is what you measure on a part. Features that do not depend on size 1.3.27 Limits Of Size : The specifiedmaximum and minimum sizes.– Single surfaces, lines, arcs– This is the numbers found on the drawing.– Sometimes called “Not Related Features” 1.3.28 Nominal Size : The designation usedfor purposes of general identification. “Features of size”– 28 Gauge wire, 1” Schedule 40 pipe, 2x4– Plates, holes, slots, balls– Sometimes called “Related Features”3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial553/12/2006Feature of SizeExamples BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialThings that you are measure with a pair ofcalipers are features of size:– Inside Jaws– Outside Jaws– Depth Gauge573/12/2006Why Are Features ofSize Important? The geometric tolerance for featuresof size can be modified in severalmethods but the two most importantare:– Regardless of Feature Size (RFS)– Maximum Material Condition (MMC) There is also LMC and Free State Everyone knows that engineers loveto modify things.BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial58What Does the CircledLetters Stand For? S Geometric tolerances for features ofsize can be modified according tothe “size of the feature”.3/12/200656The “Caliper” CheckOne cylindrical surfaceOne spherical surfaceSet of two opposed elementsSet of opposed parallelsurfaces3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialMLF– For a good time, ask an ISO1101 personfor an explanation of the Envelopemodifier.593/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial6010
Tutorial 32006Regardless of FeatureSizeSecond Rule of GD&T Remember the first rule of GD&T statesthe limits of size are the first magnitudeof control. This is the default if no modifier is given. The tolerance zone is not affected bythe actual size of the feature. You don’t see the symbol s anymoreexcept in GD&T training sessions. Just because you don’t see the symboldoesn’t mean the concept isn’t used allthe time.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorials The second rule of GD&T states that ifthe geometric tolerance is applied to afeature of size then it is assumed to beregardless of feature size.613/12/2006Maximum MaterialConditionMMC is normally valid only when all of theseconditions exist:– The tolerance zone increases when thereis less material – you get a “bonusbonustolerance”tolerance if a hole is large. Two or more features are interrelated with position ororientation. At least one of the features is a feature of size. The feature with which MMC is to be applied must bea feature of size with a axis or center plane. Examples:3/12/2006mBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialNote: We used to call MMC, the “worst case”.633/12/2006– This is a rarely used modifier.– Largest hole3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial64 Most tolerance analysis is checking whetherpart will go together. If you are checking if a male part will go into ahole, you need to know the largest male partand the smallest hole - both of which areMMC. LMC can be used to see what the maximumclearance is in a system but that analysis ispretty rare. The stated tolerance applies whenthe least material is there.– Thinnest plateBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialWhy is LMC rare?Least Material Condition Examples:62“Worst Case Scenario” The stated tolerance applies when themost material is there.– Thickest plate– Smallest holeBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutoriall653/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial6611
Tutorial 32006Free StateTwo More Modifiers Free State Variation : A term used todescribe distortion of a part afterremoval of forces applied duringmanufacture. You see this on lots of flexible parts, likerubber gaskets, wire forms, and somethin walled plastic components.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial Technically, the following twomodifiers do not affect features ofsize. However, there is no good place toput them in this seminar. So, here’s Tangent Plane andProjected Tolerance Zone.@673/12/2006 This modifier tells the inspector to placea tangent plane on a surface andmeasure the gauge plate, not the part. This modifier is commonly used byorientation controls.– It will become clear a little later when welook at tolerance shapes. BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial69Tolerance Zones andShapesBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial Used only with position & orientationtolerances. Mainly position and perpendicularity. Circled P appears after any modifiers and isitself followed by the projected height. The words are “with a projected tolerancezone of ” For clarification, a chained line can be drawnand dimensioned with a minimum heightdimension (not a basic dimension).3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorialp70Tolerance Zones All controls can have TOTAL WIDETOLERANCE ZONES.ZONES The next stop on the GD&T primer trainis the Tolerance Zones and Shapesstation. These sound like the same thing butthey are two separate but related itemsfor tolerances. Let’s start with the easy one - zones.3/12/200668Projected ToleranceZoneTangent Plane3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial– Except Concentricity. Only five can have a CYLINDRICALTOLERANCE ZONES:ZONESPosition tolerance zones for holes– Position– Orientationand bosses are always cylindricaltolerance zones. Parallelism, Angularity, Perpendicularity– Straightness Concentricity requires CYLINDRICALTOLERANCE ZONE.713/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial7212
Tutorial 32006Tolerance ZoneSymbologyTolerance Zone Shapesf .014 m U Cylindrical zone sounds easy - it’s acircle or cylinder within with which thefeature must reside to be acceptable. What shape is a total wide zone? Here’s where it gets complicated andone of the reasons I originally builtthe FOPRL chart - let’s look at theshapes.Total wide zone is defaultUNLESS.You put the diameter symbol here.j n.002 l Y3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial733/12/2006Tolerance Zone Shape:Orientation Total Wide For all three orientation controls, thesurfaces must lie between two planes. Each geometric control has it’s own totalwide tolerance shape that is suggested byit’s name. Form– Parallel– AngularityStraightness: between two linesFlatness: between two planesCircularity: between two circlesCylindricity: between two cylinders3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial– Perpendicular Hold it a second, we just said flatnesscontrol was between two planes.753/12/2006Tolerance Zone Shape:76Location Controls Total Wide Profile Position: depends on the geometry itcontrols– Line: between two curves thatare the shape of the feature– Between resultant and virtual conditions andfixed / floating fastener theory, there’s a day’sworth of topics on positional tolerances.– Surface: between two surfacesthat are the shape of the feature Symmetry: two planes Concentricity: cylindrical Runout– Full indicator movementBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialTolerance Zone Shape:Profile / Runout Total Wide3/12/200674Tolerance Zone Shape:Form Total Wide––––BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial773/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial7813
Tutorial 32006DatumsDatum Definitions Datums do one simple thing:– Datums are a way for the partdesigner to tell the partinspector how to hold andimmobilize the part duringinspection. Datums are a reference for geometricdimensions.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial A Datum is a theoretically exact point axis plane– derived from the true geometric counterpart of aspecified datum feature. A datum is the origin from which the locationor geometric characteristics of features of apart are established.793/12/2006 4.1 Datum ReferenceFrame: Datums thatexist within a frameworkof three mutuallyperpendicularintersecting planes. Framework datumscalled: Primary secondary - tertiary A primary datum feature usually has three points of contact– Don’t use the word must. A secondary datum feature usually has two points of contact– Don’t use the word must. A tertiary datum feature usually has one point of contact– Don’t use the word must. The largest surface on a part doesn’t always have to be theprimary datum feature.– The designer dictates primary datum feature.– Usually it is a good design idea for the largest surface to be theprimary datum feature.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial813/12/2006Clarification of FeatureControl Frame– Section 3.4.3 “Where more than than one datumis required, the datum reference letters (eachfollowed by a material condition symbol whereapplicable) are entered in separatecompartments in the desired order ofprecedence, from left to right.”A-B Draw a horizontal dash between datums toindicate a compound datum.– Pre-ASME Y14.5-1994, the dashes could havemeant a datum callout.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial-A-BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial82Missing in Action Draw vertical lines between separatedatums:3/12/200680Points of ContactDatum Reference Frame3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial83 The standard only calls out threeletters that cannot be used as datums.– I, O, or Q The standard does not say you haveto start with A and go in any particularorder.– I prefer to never use S or Z3/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial8414
Tutorial 32006What Does it Mean #1?What Does It Mean #2? This datum is thebottom surface. This datum is not afeature of size. The datum simulatorcan be a gauge plate. This datum is thecenter axis. This datum is afeature of size. The datumsimulator is a twopiece “clamp”.– RFS - clampsqueezes– MMC - clamp isfixed size– Gauge plate needs tobe 10X flatter than whatyou want to check.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial853/12/2006Basic DimensionsBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial873/12/2006Position BasicDimensions3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial86Angularity BasicDimensions If you think of datums as a method ofimmobilizing a part then basicdimensions are just offsets from thatreference frame. Basic dimensions are boxed.500dimensions. Basic dimensions don’t have tolerances,they are used by other geometricdimensions.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial88Profile BasicDimensions893/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial9015
Tutorial 32006FormStraightness ToleranceStraightness Exceptionon Features of Size with MMC Applied Today, I’ve been careful not to mention that almostevery rule in GD&T has exceptions. Pretty much, just like it sounds. The shaft shown below can beshaped like a “smiley face” and still beacceptable.– This really disrupts the GD&T learning process. Rule 1 has four (count’em four) exceptions:– Stock parts : Bars, sheets, tubing, structural shapes– Parts subject to free state variation– Add note to a surface or feature: PERFECT FORM AT MMCNOT REQUIRED.– Straightness tolerance on features of size with MMCapplied. Straightness is the important exception at the end.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial913/12/2006FormC - Orientations can have total wideor cylindrical tolerance zones.D - Orientations have to have datums.Z - Each zone shape is driven by whatis being directed toward.A - All part of section 6.6.m - Size affects orientation so we getMMC & LMC, Projected Tolerance,and Tangent Plane. Adding a second set of rulesjust for straightness yieldsthe first column of theFOPRL chart. The rest of the controls areunchanged from thisexception to Rule #1.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial933/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialProfileRunoutC - Profile can only have totalwide tolerance zones.D - Profiles can use datums butdon’t have to have datums.Z - Each zone shape isbetween curves or curvedsurfaces.A - All part of section 6.5.2.m - Size can affect profile so weget MMC & LMC.C - Runout can only have fullindicator movement (FIM).D - Runout have to have datums.Z - Each zone shape can onlyhave full indicator movement(FIM).A - All part of section 6.7.1.2.m - Size can’t affect runout so weonly get RFS.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial92OrientationWith Exception3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial953/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial949616
Tutorial 32006LocationLocationSymmetry &ConcentricityPositionC - Position can (and usuallydoes) have cylindricaltolerance zones.D - Runout have to have datums.Z - Each zone shape can have .A - All part of section 5.2.m - Size can affect position so weget MMC & LMC, ProjectedTolerance, and Tangent Plane.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialC - Symmetry & Concentricity can onlyhave total wide tolerance zones.D - Symmetry & Concentricity have tohave datums.Z - Each zone shape is driven by what isbeing directed toward.A - Section 5.12 & 5.13m - Size can’t affect Symmetry &Concentricity so we only get RFS &Free State.973/12/2006Let’s spend our remaining time withexamples of “saying” feature controlframes and some practical examples.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial993/12/2006Feature Control Framek.003 CBmDBiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial100Reading A Feature ControlFrameRead everything left to right! Don’t skip anything!FIRST BAR: The feature shall{be or have a} BLANK {geometric characteristic}SECOND BAR: within a{total wide tolerance zone ofcylindrical tolerance zone of,or full indicator movement} BLANK{geometric tolerance}[at {modifier}] The fourteen geometric controlsymbols are applied to features byplacing them in a feature controlframe. Let’s start our reading lessons bylearning how to interpret featurecontrol frames.3/12/200698What’s Coming Up Finally wehaveeverythingfilled in. Later, as areviewexercise,you shouldtry tocompleteas much oftheFOPRLchart aspossible.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T TutorialTHREE BAR: with respect to datam(s) {datum name(s)} BLANKLAST BAR: Period1013/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial10217
Tutorial 32006Example 1Example 2The feature shall beflatwithin atotal wide tolerance zone of.018”.The feature shall beangularwithin atotal wide tolerance zone of.014”at least material conditionwith respect todatum Ga .014 l G3/12/2006cBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial1033/12/2006How To Say AnythingFormBiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial104How To Say AnythingOrientationOrientation: The feature shall be{perpendicular, angular, or parallel}within a {total wide or cylindrical}tolerance zone of {geometrictolerance} [at {modifier}] with respectto datam(s) {datum name(s)}.Form: The feature shall be {straight,flat, circular, or cylindrical} within a{total wide or cylindrical} tolerancezone of {geometric tolerance} [at{modifier}].3/12/2006.018BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial1053/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial106How To Say AnythingProfileHow To Say AnythingRunoutProfile: The feature shall have a{line or surface} profile within a totalwide tolerance zone of {geometrictolerance} [at {modifier}] [withrespect to datum(s) {datumname(s)}].Runout: The feature shall havea {circular or total} runout withina full indicator movement of{geometric tolerance} withrespect to datum axis {datum}.3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial1073/12/2006March 12 - 15, 2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial10818
Tutorial 32006How To Say AnythingLocationVerbal Tests The upcoming 10 slides are all feature controlframes that you might see on a drawing. In this exercise, I imagine I am on thetelephone and trying to verbally communicatemy required tolerance. Later, when you are reviewing this material,try the reverse operation by covering up thesymbol, read the description, and draw thefeature control frame.Location: The feature shall be{positioned, concentric, orsymmetric} within a {total wide orcylindrical} tolerance zone of{geometric tolerance} [at{modifier}] [with respect todatum(s) {datum name(s)}].3/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial1093/12/2006Verbal Test #1a.008 D FThe feature shall be angularwithin a total wide tolerancezone of .008” with respect todatams D and F.The feature shall be flatwithin a total widetolerance zone of .003”.BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial110Verbal Test #2c .0023/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial1113/12/2006BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial112Verbal Test #3Verbal Test #4d .002i .004 FThe feature shall have asurface profile within a totalwide tolerance zone of .002”.The feature shall besymmetric within a total widetoleran
Tutorial 3 March 12 - 15, 2006 1 3/12/2006 BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial 1 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing: A Primer for the BiTS Professional Thomas Allsup tallsup@anidatech.com 2006 3/12/2006 BiTS 2006 GD&T Tutorial 2 Why Are We Here? Many will believe that a class on Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerances is like taking a high school .
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internal control data of the compound document or parts of the user data. The entire file consists of a header structure (the compound document header, 4.1) and a list of all sectors following the header. The size of the sectors can be set in the header and is fixed for all sectors then. HEADER SECTOR 0 SECTOR 1 SECTOR 2 SECTOR 3 SECTOR 4 SECTOR 5
MPLAB ICD 3 in-circuit debugger (select as a programmer) MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator (select as a programmer) GENERAL HEADER SETUP To set up your header, do the following: 1. Check the header board for any stickers and the header box for any paper inserts that may specify special operati
First course (on tables) Breads/rolls of many types (white, sour, rye, sesame, olive/caper, Italian season) Flavoured butters (honey, garlic, italian others .) Preserves (apple, pear, blackberry, salal) Two scalded milk cheese, one sweet, one savory Stout/Portwine cheese fondue Then: Soups/Stews - one beef/barley, one borshch and one bean pottage 2nd course Salmon Pie (head table gets .
