What Is Child Well-being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?
What is Child Well-being?:Does It Matter How We Measure It?Presented to the National Council on Family Relations Annual Conference,San Antonio, TexasNovember 7, 20131
Child well-being represents thewhole child: Physical health, development, and safety Psychological and emotional development Social development and behavior Cognitive development and educationalachievement3What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Psychological/emotionaldevelopmentPhysical health, development andsafetySafety andphysical statusFunctioning insocially heterogenousgroupsPersonal Cognitive development andeducational achievementCommitmentto learningSocialcompetencies4ConfidenceSocial developmentand behaviorSocialSchoolEngagementHealthy DietCivic lifeEducational/intellectualWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. butionSuicide
Child well-being includes5What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child well-being needs to be assessed across ages(An outcome at one stage of childhood is generally an input at thenext stage of development.)0-5 Yrs66-11YrsWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore12-17 Yrs18-24 Yrs
Child well-being is an outcome, not an inputINPUTS7What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreOUTCOMES
InputsChild OutcomesPovertyHealth CoverageSchoolsFood SecurityAfter-school programs8What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreEducationHealthBehaviorSocio-emotional
Child well-being is positive as well as negative09What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore9
What does the public hear about kids?MorbidityViolence10What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Bad outcomes do matterNegative development is important(bad is stronger than good)11What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
But, good outcomes matter too12What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of Independence“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are createdequal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certainunalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and thepursuit of Happiness.”13What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of Independence It’s good science14What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive indicators, such as parent/adolescentrelationships, are related to better child .200BecomingActiveBecoming SexuallySexually ActiveBe Behindin inSchoolBeingBehindSchoolNot a Positive Relationship w/MotherHas a Positive Relationship w/Mother15What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of Independence Good science Necessary to fully describechildren and youth16What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Physical Health, Development, and SafetyPositiveExerciseHealthy eating habitsSafety habits (seat belt, helmet)17What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreNegativeIllnessObesityInjury
Psychological & Emotional DevelopmentPositiveLife SatisfactionHopeEmpathy18What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreNegativeDepressionLow Self-EsteemSuicidal Thoughts
Social Development & BehaviorPositiveCivic engagementVolunteeringEnvironmental Stewardship19What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreNegativeDrinkingDrug useGang Involvement
Cognitive Development & EducationalAchievementPositiveEducational engagementCuriosityCritical thinking20What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreNegativeDropoutTruancyExpulsion
RelationshipsPositivePositive relationship with parentsPositive sibling relationshipsPositive friendships21What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreNegativeConflictViolenceArguments
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of Independence Good science Necessary to fully describe children and youth Can be measured well22What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Criticism that they are ‘soft’, ‘squishy’ or‘gluey’ is not warrantedSoftSquishyGluey23What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Flourishing Families Project 24Funded by the John Templeton FoundationDeveloped and tested itemsConducted a national surveyDid psychometric analysesWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Example of Constructs:Flourishing Children ConstructsRelationship Skills EmpathySocial CompetenceFlourishing in Relationships Positive relationships withparentsPositive friendships with peersFlourishing in School and Work 25Diligence & ReliabilityEducational EngagementInitiative TakingThriftTrustworthiness & IntegrityWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreHelping Others to Flourish AltruismGenerosityEnvironmental Stewardship Environmental StewardshipPersonal Flourishing ForgivenessGoal OrientationGratitudeHopeLife satisfactionPurposeSpirituality
Positive indicators can be measured well Strengths are more prevalent than deficits,so specificity in measurement is needed Positive bias in reporting of positivebehaviors, which requires detailedresponse categories Use concrete items In scales, combine negative with positiveitems Develop items that work across subgroups26What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Overview of psychometric analyses Examined distributions of each item Assessed Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) Conducted confirmatory factor analysesooooAdolescentsParentsJointlyCriteria: CFI ( .95) TLI ( .95)RMSEA ( .085) Examined concurrentvalidity27What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Concurrent Validity Social behavior: Fightingo During the past 12 months, how many times were you in aphysical fight? Health behavior: Smokingo During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smokecigarettes? Emotional outcome: Depressive Symptomso During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopelessalmost every day for two weeks or more in a row that youstopped doing some usual activities? Cognitive outcome: Grades (parent report)o Now I would like to ask you about [his/her] grades during theLAST school year. Overall, across all subjects ([he/she] takes atschool), did [he/she] get . . . Mostly A’s; Mostly B’s; Mostly C’s;Mostly D’s and lower; [His/her] school does not give these grades 28Examined in multivariate analysesWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
ConstructsRelationship Skills EmpathySocial CompetenceFlourishing in Relationships Positive relationships withparentsPositive friendships withpeersFlourishing in School and Work 29Diligence & ReliabilityEducational EngagementInitiative TakingThriftTrustworthiness & IntegrityWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreHelping Others to Flourish AltruismGenerosityEnvironmental Stewardship Environmental StewardshipPersonal Flourishing ForgivenessGoal OrientationGratitudeHopeLife satisfactionPurposeSpirituality
Social Competence (Adolescent)Please indicate how much thesestatements describe you. (Not atall like me-Exactly like me)Please indicate how often thishappens. How often (None ofthe time-All of the time)I avoid making other kids look bad.do you get along well with peopleof different races, cultures, andreligions? If two of my friends are fighting, Ifind a way to work things out.do you listen to other students’ideas? When I work in school groups, I domy fair share.do you control your anger whenyou have a disagreement with afriend?can you discuss a problem with afriend without making thingsworse?do you follow the rules when youare at a park, theater, or sportsevent?do you respect other points ofview, even if you disagree?30What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore Alpha 0.79CFI 0.986TLI 0.981RMSEA 0.042
Social Competence (Parent)31Please indicate how much thesestatements describe your child.(Not at all like my child-Exactly likemy child)How often (None of the time-Allof the time)My child avoids making other kidslook bad.does your child get along well withpeople of different races, cultures,and religions?If two of my child's friends arefighting, my child finds a way towork things out.does your child follow the rules ata park, theater, or sports event?When my child works in groups,he/she does his/her fair share.does your child respect otherpeople’s point of view, even ifhe/she disagrees?What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore Alpha 0.62CFI 0.983TLI 0.971RMSEA 0.040
Social CompetenceSocialCompetenceSmokingDepression (teen report) 12Depression2570820% whoget infights156% whosmoke155010% who40exhibitsigns of 30depression2041052What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreQuartile 4Quartile 30Quartile 2Quartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 40Quartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 400% whoearn As10Quartile 1532601025Grades8020300.12***Quartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 4Fighting
Generosity (Adolescents)Please indicate how much these statements describe you. (Not at all likeme-Exactly like me)I enjoy sharing my things with others.I do nice things for others without being asked.When I help out a friend, I expect something in return.If needed, I am willing to help my family by buying fewer things for myself.If needed, I am willing to help my family by giving up activities and trips thatcost money.If needed, I am willing to help my family by giving up my free time to helparound the house.33What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore Alpha 0.74CFI 0.997TLI 0.994RMSEA 0.045
Generosity (Parents)Please indicate how much these statements describe your child. (Not at alllike my child-Exactly like my child)My child enjoys sharing his/her things with others.My child does nice things for others without being asked. (Strongly agreeStrongly disagree)When my child helps out a friend, he/she expects something in return.If needed, my child is willing to help our family by buying fewer things forhimself/herself.If needed, my child is willing to help our family by giving up activities andtrips that cost money.If needed, my child is willing to help our family by giving up his/her free timeto help around the house.34What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore Alpha 0.79CFI 0.997TLI 0.994RMSEA 0.065
GenerosityFightingSmokingDepression (teen report) GradesGenerosity ssion1425601225Grades502010204015815% whoget in 6fights10% whosmoke% whoexhibit signsofdepression104% whoearn As205102What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreQuartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 40Quartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 4Quartile 4Quartile 3Quartile 20Quartile 100Quartile 1Quartile 2Quartile 3Quartile 453530
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of IndependenceGood scienceNecessary to fully describe children and youthCan be measured well Public Perceptions36What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
The public sees teenagers as DUMBRUDEAmerican families are FALLING APART37What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
In fact, most children are doing wellChildren Ages 6-11 & 12-17 with 0-4 domains of Positive WellBeing: Health, Education, Behavior & 0%30%20%190%3815913Age 6-11Age 12-17What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. MooreTwoOneZero1910%Four
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of IndependenceGood scienceNecessary to fully describe children and youthCan be measured wellPublic Perceptions Kids’ Perceptions39What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Program recruitment and retention represent anongoing challenge40What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive youth developmentPrograms that help youth build assets and work toward positiveoutcomes are an effective approach (more than negativedidactic or shock approaches)41What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus onthe Positive The Declaration of IndependenceGood scienceNecessary to fully describe children and youthCan be measured wellPublic PerceptionsKids’ Perceptions Community42PerceptionsWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Community perceptions Members of a communitydon’t want to be told theyand their children are justproblems Also, policies and programsneed to know and build oncommunity, family andyouth strengths and assets43What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
In sum, child well-being Represents the whole childIncludes well-being and well-becomingNeeds to be assessed across agesIs an outcome and needs to be distinguished from aninput Is positive, as well as negative 44The Declaration of IndependenceGood scienceNecessary to fully describe children and youthCan be measured wellPublic PerceptionsKids’ PerceptionsCommunity PerceptionsWhat is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measuresof Child Well-being are Needed Complete and accurate measures are needed toinform policy makers and the public about trends45What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Firearm DeathsRates (per 100,000) for Homicide, Suicide, and Firearm-Related Deaths of YouthAges 15-19, Selected Years 1970-201050HomicideSuicideFirearm Related DeathRate per .5What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore13.212.110.504624.58.37.510.58.08.26.9
Child AbductionsReport Missing Children Ages 0-17 in 1999: Family vs. NonFamily What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Volunteering% of Students in Grades 8, 10, and 12 WhoVolunteer1 At Least Once a Month, 1991-201150Eighth GradeTwelfth 999What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore200120032005200720092011
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measuresof Child Well-being are Needed Complete and accurate measures are needed toinform policy makers and the public about trends To identify negative trends and targetpopulations at risk49What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Obesity% of Children Ages 2 – 19 Who Are Obese, By Age:Selected Years 1971-20102520201618171818Percent15111065755050What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore12101210Ages 2-5Ages 6-11Ages 12-19
Obesity% of Children Ages 2 – 19 Who Are Obese, By Age: SelectedYears 1971 - 2010males51What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moorefemales
Teen birthsBirth Rates (per 1,000) for Females Ages 15 to 19, by Raceand Hispanic Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011140.0TotalRate per 1,000 females ages 15-19120.0118.2Non-Hispanic white111.9Non-Hispanic 9575219611965196919731977What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore19811985198919931997200120052009
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measuresof Child Well-being are Needed Complete and accurate measures are needed toinform policy makers and the public about trends To identify negative trends and target populationsat risk To monitor progress53What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Breast feedingPercentage of Mothers Breastfeeding, by Birth Year of Infant, 2000-2010*,and Healthy People 2010 Goals100Ever Breastfed (goal: 75%)Breastfed at 6 months (goal: 06200720083020100200054What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, AccurateMeasures of Child Well-being are Needed Complete and accurate measures are needed toinform policy makers and the public about trends To identify negative trends and target populationsat risk To monitor progress To build the knowledge base55What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
To build the knowledge baseValid, reliable, and comparable measures of childwell-being are needed across disciplines andmethods, for: Indicators Surveys used for research Evaluation studies, and Performance management56What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
To build the knowledge baseCollect Data on Performance & Outcome rPopulationSelect Intervention,Develop Logic Model& Theory of Change,IndicatorsImplement Program/Approach &Conduct Ongoing PerformanceManagementConduct an Implementation EvaluationConduct a Quasi-ExperimentalOutcomes EvaluationConduct a Randomized-ControlledImpact Evaluation57What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore57
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, AccurateMeasures of Child Well-being are Needed Complete and accurate measures are needed toinform policy makers and the public about trends To identify negative trends and target populationsat risk To monitor progress To build the knowledge base To inform the public, policymakers, and the pressabout the status of children Child well-being should be a leading indicator Clear, accurate, and simple measures of child wellbeing58What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Leading indicatorsStandard & Poor’s (S&P) 500Gross domestic product (GDP)Unemployment rateInflation rateHousing startsWhat should be the leading child well-beingindicators? An index of child well-being?59What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
But indices are worrisomeIndices often combine independent anddependent variablesIndices often do not cover all domains, especiallysocio-emotional well-beingCoverage of domains is often incompleteIndices often obscure countervailing trends60What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Obesity% of Children Ages 6 – 11 Who Are Obese:1971 - 201025202016181715111075501971 - 1974611976 - 19801988 - 1994What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore1999 - 20022003 - 20062007 - 20082009 - 2010
Teen BirthsBirth Rates (per 1,000) for Females Ages 15 to 19, 960621970198019861990199120002001What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore2002200320042005200620072008200920102011
“What gets measured gets done”Policy makers do track trends They don’t read academic journal articles State and local data are of particularinterest to policy makers63What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
National Survey of Children’sHealth (NSCH)Developed to provide indicator data for U.S. children 18 forthe nation and each stateTelephone interviews with the most knowledgeable parentPrimary focus on health, but includes information on a range ofchild well-being constructs and on the contexts in whichchildren grow upData on more than 90,000 children from 2007 (data for 2011-12are now available)64What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Micro Data IndicesChildren’s circumstances can be described for each individualchild, across multiple developmental domains, and thenaggregatedDifferent than macro indices, which are built from data thathave already been aggregated65What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
NSCH Index Domains Physical health, development, and safety Psychological and emotional development Social development and behavior Cognitive development and educationalachievement Overall Well-Being66What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Physical Health, Development, andSafety Health status Chronic health conditions Health risk behaviors Health promoting behaviors67What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore6
Psychological and EmotionalDevelopment Internalizing problems Externalizing problems Self-esteem, self-concept Coping skills68What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Cognitive Development &Educational Achievement School problems Learning difficulties Cognitive development Achievement69What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Social Development & Behavior Parent-child relationship Activity engagement Positive social behaviors Negative social behaviors70What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
An Example: Social Development & Behavior Parent-child relationship Communication Activity engagement Sports; clubs; organized events Volunteer, service work Positive social behaviors Respect for teacher, neighbors Gets along with other children Tries to understand feelings Tries to resolve conflicts Negative social behaviors Negative behavior problems71What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Whole Child Indices(4 Domains)72Physical Health, Development & Safety58%Psychological and Emotional Development65%Social Development & Behavior67%Cognitive Development & Educational Achievement65%All Child Well-Being Domains31%What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Physical Health, Development, and 73What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Psychological and Emotional 62.6%74What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Social Development & 8%75What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Cognitive Development and Educational 62.5%76What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
In sum 7 Reasons We Need to Focus on the Positive:1. The Declaration of Independence2. Good science3. Necessary to fully describe children and youth4. Can be measured well5. Public Perceptions6. Kids’ Perceptions7. Community Perceptions5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed: Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers andthe public about trends To identify negative trends and target populations at risk To monitor progress To build the knowledge base To inform the public, policymakers, and the press about the status ofchildren Child well-being should be a leading indicator Clear, accurate, and simple measures of child well-being77What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
like my child-Exactly like my child) My child enjoys sharing his/her things with others. My child does nice things for others without being asked. (Strongly agree-Strongly disagree) When my child helps out a friend, he/she expects something in return. If needed, my child is willing to he
Care needed: (check all that apply) Child #1 Child #2 Child #3 Child #4 Child #5 Preferred Location (Zip Code other than home) Full day Part day Evenings Overnight Weekends Special Needs: Child #1 Child #2 Child #3 Child #4 Child #5 Limited English Child Protective Services Severely Handicapped
Child: The United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child defines a child as a human being younger than 18, unless majority under the law applicable to the child is attained earlier. Child abuse: Child abuse is any deliberate behavior or
2 Hennepin County Child Well-Being annual report: 2021 Introduction Since 2017, the Child Well-Being Advisory Committee has supported an ongoing transformation of county services and supports for children and families. This work started in the child protection system, with six major system improvement recommendations
34/00 NA Child Restraint Anchorages and Child Restraint Anchor Fittings 34/01 NA Child Restraint Anchorages and Child Restraint Anchor Fittings 34/02 NA Child Restraint Anchorages and Child Restraint Anchor Fittings 34/03 1/11/19 Child Restraint Anchorages and Child Restraint Anchor Fittings X (if fitted) 35/00 01/07/88 Commercial Vehicle Brake
Chapter 1 - Distinctive Character of the Two Systems Chapter 2 - Objects of Worship Trinity in Unity The Mother and Child, and the Original of the Child The Child in Assyria The Child in Egypt The Child in Greece The Death of the Child The Deification of the Child The Mother of the Child Chapter 3 - Festivals Christmas and Lady-day
Child protection Child protection (CP) means the protection of children from violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation. Child sexual abuse The use of a child for sexual gratification by an adult or significantly older child/adolescent or any act which exposes a child to, or involves a child in, sexual processes beyond his or her understanding
states that child care centre operators: shall ensure that any . direction. of a medical officer of health with respect to any matter that may affect the health or well-being of a child receiving child care at a child care centre the licensee operates is carried out by the staff of the child care centre (s. 32 [1], emphasis added)
AssemblyLine flow and Hooks .26 Controlling the flow of an AssemblyLine . . . 30 Expressions .30 Expressions in component parameters .33 Expressions in LinkCriteria .33 Expressions in Branches, Loops and Switch/Case 34 Scripting with Expressions .34 The Entry object.35 Chapter 2. Scripting in TDI .37 Internal data model: Entries, Attributes and Values 38 Working with .
