Delay Is RC Charging Modeling, Design, And Optimization For Digital Systems
Delay is RC ChargingESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design,and Optimization for Digital SystemsLec 5: September 11, 2015Delay and RC ResponsePenn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaDelay is RC ChargingTodayStrategy:! Use zero-order modelto understand switchstate! Break into output/input stages! For each stage""2!RC Charging!What is the C?""RC Step Response CurveCapacitive Load on Gate Output!What is the R?!Approximating and Measuring Delay"Equivalent Output ResistanceUnderstand RdriveUnderstand CloadPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna390% Rise Time?4What does response look like?What is time constant, τ?Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna 2ps for 90% rise5Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna61
Governing Equations? (KCL)Governing Equations? (KCL)IRIC!KCL @ Vmeasure"!Kirchoff’s Current Law""KCL @ Vmeasure"Sum of all currents into a node 0Current entering a node current exiting a node"""Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaKirchoff’s Current Law7Governing Equations? (KCL)Sum of all currents into a node 0Current entering a node current exiting a nodeIR ICPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna8Governing Equations? (KCL)IRIRICICI R ICI R ICdVVR C CRdtVin VmeasuredVmeasure CRdtdVVR C CRdtVin VmeasuredVmeasure CRdtPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna9What does look like?0 dVmeasure 1V V indtRC measure RC(Vmeasure Vin 1 ( e t/RC )τ RCPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna)10Shape of Curvet (in ps)e-t/RC1-e-t/RC00.1122.3(Vmeasure Vin 1 ( e t/RC )Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaVin 1)11(Vmeasure Vin 1 ( e t/RC )Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna)122
Shape of CurveRise Time: 10—90%t (in ps)e-t/RC00.1122.310.91/e 0.371/e2 0.140.11-e-t/RC(00.1 10%0.660.860.9 90%Vmeasure Vin 1 ( e t/RC )Vin 1)Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaTrise 2.2ps 2.2τ13Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna14Rise Time: 10—90%What is C?τ RCTrise 2.2ps 2.2τPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna15Capacitance!!16FanoutWireFanout -- Total gate load"Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna!Number of things to which a gate output connectsLogical Gate"MOSFET gatePenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna17Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna183
Fanout in Circuit!Fanout in CircuitOutput routed to many gate inputs!!!Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna19Fanout in Circuit!!!Maximum fanout?Second?Min?Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna20Fanout in CircuitMaximum fanout?Second?Min?!!!Maximum fanout?Second?Min?233Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna21Fanout in Circuit!!!Maximum fanout?Second?Min?Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna22Fanout in Circuit!!1113!1Maximum fanout?Second?Min?11212113123Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna00244
MOSFET Capacitance!First Order Model“load of 1”?"Capacitive2211OutA21!Switch2B1"Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna25MOSFET Capacitance!Loads input capacitivelyPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna26First Order Model“load of 1”?"Capacitive2211OutA2!Switch!As we dig into the device structure understand:12B1""""Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna27Loads input capacitivelyOrigin of capacitanceHow to engineer device parameters like Cg, RON, VthTradeoffsPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna28Lumped Capacitive LoadWhat is R?Cload Ci fanout Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khannagi Cwii wires29Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna305
Resistance!!Switch!As we dig into the device structure understand:Wire resistance""!First Order Model"From supply (Vdd or Gnd) to transistor sourceFrom transistor output to gate it is driving"Transistor equivalent resistance (Ron)""Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna31Resistive driverMore sophisticated view, not just RONHow to engineer device parameters like Cg, RON, VthTradeoffsPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaEquivalent Resistance32Equivalent Resistance!What resistances mighttransistors contribute?"2211"How many cases?Assume Ron Ron,p Ron,n2211OutOutAA22112B2B1Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna33Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaEquivalent Resistance!"!How many cases?Assume Ron Ron,p Ron,n34Equivalent ResistanceWhat resistances mighttransistors contribute?"1What resistances mighttransistors contribute?"2211"How many cases?Assume Ron Ron,p 01Ron1010Ron11112RonPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna2B135Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna2B1366
Rise/Fall Times!Lumped Resistive SourceRise and Fall time maydiffer""Why?What is ratio?2211Rdrive Rtr,net Out" Rwii wiresA21InputRout00Ron/201Ron10Ron112Ron2B1Rtr,net transistor network resistance parallel andseries combination of RtrPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna37Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna38Voltage Waveform at Input/Output NodeMeasuring DelayRdrive fromoutput stagesand wiresCLoad frominput stagesand wiresPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna39Measuring Gate DelayPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaCharacterizing Gate/Technology!67ps80pstdel 13psDelay measure will be""Function of load on gateFunction of input rise time"!!40Which, in turn, may be a function of input loadingNext stage starts to switch before first finishesMeasure from 50% of input swing to 50% of outputswingPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna41Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna427
Delay vs. Risetime1ps riseCharacterizing Gate/Technology100ps rise!Delay measure will be""Function of load on gateFunction of input rise time"!"10ps delay!If we didn’t know the input rise time, we wouldn’tknow what a 13ps delay meant43Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna44HW3 Measurement SetupStandard Measurement for CharacterizationDrive with a gate""!Allows us to compare designs with a (somewhat)normalized delay metric20ps delayPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna!Which, in turn, may be a function of input loadingWant to understand typical delay timesNot an ideal sourceInput rise time typically would see in circuitMeasure loaded gate"Typical loading – FO4FunctionGeneratorOscilloscopeNot realistic measurementPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna45Measurement for Characterization!"!!Not an ideal source (how does delay change if drive isideal?)Input rise time typically would see in circuit"!47Not an ideal sourceInput rise time typically would see in circuitMeasure loaded gate"Typical loading – FO4Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaDrive with a gate"Measure loaded gate"46Measurement for CharacterizationDrive with a gate"Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – KhannaTypical loading – FO4 (how does delay change if gate isunloaded?)Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna488
Delay is RC ChargingAdmin!“Normal Week”""!3 Lecture Week (all here)MOS Operation and DevicesSpice Flow"Penn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna49access to electric, setup for spice, run ngspicePenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna50Admin!“Normal Week”""3 Lecture Week (all here)MOS Operation and Devices!Spice Flow!HW quality""""!access to electric, setup for spice, run ngspiceShow your workLabel axes, explain your resultsIf we can’t understand it, we can’t grade itHW turnin"Must turn in by the time I start lecturing (12:05)"Won’t accept any more after thatPenn ESE370 Fall2015 – Khanna519
ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Lec 5: September 11, 2015 Delay and RC Response Penn ESE370 Fall2015 - Khanna Delay is RC Charging Penn ESE370 Fall2015 - Khanna 2 Delay is RC Charging Strategy: ! "Use zero-order model to understand switch state ! Break into output/ input stages ! For each stage
Charging ST Layer Layer1 EV Layer Analysis layer where charging STs determine the layout autonomously according to charging demand Analysis layer where EV traffic simulation is carried out with STs Update the layout of charging STs Mapping the charging demand (location of dead EVs and warning sign on ) Charging ST moves to charging
BMW Charging is our all-round carefree solution for charging your BMW. With BMW Charging products and services, you have a wide range of tailor-made offers for charging available at home and on the road. This includes the charging cable for public charging (mode 3), the Flexible Fast Charger and the BMW Charging Card as standard. Worldwide, you .
reduces the charging time by 24.33% maintaining the rise in battery temperature same as CC-CV charging which improves battery life. The Li-Ion battery charging time for 4.2V battery using CC-CV method is 60.44 minutes and charging time using CT-CV method is 45.73 minutes. For faster charging
the phase delay x through an electro-optic phase shifter, the antennas are connected with an array of long delay lines. These delay lines add an optical delay L opt between every two antennas, which translates into a wavelength dependent phase delay x. With long delay lines, this phase delay changes rapidly with wavelength,
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5. Headset can be used with receiver and Bluetooth paired while charging Charging via Qi wireless charger 1. Fold headset with the wireless charging icon on the earcup to the outside 2. Place earcup with wireless charging icon on top of any Qi wireless charging base * 3. Indicator light will be a breathing, white light when charging 4.
Level 1 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at the Workplace 3 Level 1 Charging at Work Level 1 charging (110-120 V) can be a good fit for many workplace charging programs. For electric vehicles typically purchased by most employees, Level 1 charging often has sufficient power to fully restore vehicle driving range during work hours.
AngularJS, and honestly, I cannot imagine writing this same application using another kind of technology in this short period of time. I was so excited about it that I wrote an article on using AngularJS with Spring MVC and Hibernate for a magazine called Java Magazine. After that, I created an AngularJS training program that already has more than 200 developers who enrolled last year. This .
