Recent And Future Developments In R
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsRecent and Future Developments in RDuncan MurdochDepartment of Statistical and Actuarial SciencesUniversity of Western OntarioMay 30, 20071 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsOutline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans2 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?Outline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans3 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?C#RJavaHaskellPerlCLOSC 198019902000How old is ran4 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?R Language 5 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?Outline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans6 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?R is open source SS is like APL in showing the user a workspace with acalculator interface.7 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?R is open source SS is like APL in showing the user a workspace with acalculator interface.S syntax is C-like in the definitions of binary operators, butit is more like Fortran in indexing arrays. Control structuresare C-like, with some idiosyncracies: for (name in vector) {}7 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?R is open source SS is like APL in showing the user a workspace with acalculator interface.S syntax is C-like in the definitions of binary operators, butit is more like Fortran in indexing arrays. Control structuresare C-like, with some idiosyncracies: for (name in vector) {}R syntax and S syntax are almost identical. (R hasimported some C-like ways of specifying constants, e.g.0x10 is hexadecimal for 16, 1L indicates that the value is tobe stored as an integer.)7 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?But there are differences.R imported the idea of lexical scope from Scheme andHaskell: adder - function(x) { return( function(y) x y ) } f - adder(10) f(5)[1] 158 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR versus other languagesWhat is R?But there are differences.R imported the idea of lexical scope from Scheme andHaskell: adder - function(x) { return( function(y) x y ) } f - adder(10) f(5)[1] 15R has its own tree-like search list.8 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveOutline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans9 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveChanges to the R code baseR has two “new feature” releases and approximately two“patch” releases per year.Since October 2004, there have been approximately 1500NEWS entries about changes of both types. Most of theseare “tweaking”: making the code more consistent,bug-free, efficient, etc.We try to balance back-compatibility with progress: mostold code will still work, but not all.R CMD check has added ever more stringent checks forerrors and incompatibilities.10 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveThe R communityThe main form of communication is through the R-helpand R-devel mailing lists, which together receive 100messages per day.Since 1999, R has dominated the DSC series ofconferences: DSC 1999, 2001 and 2003 in Vienna; DSC2005 in Seattle; DSC 2007 in Auckland.There have been 3 useR! conferences: Vienna 2004,2006, Ames 2007.Bioconductor has held numerous conferences, coursesand workshops.11 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveR booksThe web ists 44 books related to S and R. Forty of those publishedsince 2002 use R either in combination with other languages(S-PLUS, SAS) or exclusively.12 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweave13 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveContributed packages!There are about 1000 contributed packages on CRAN, severalhundred packages in Bioconductor, many other packages inprivate use.aaMIMutual information for protein sequence alignmentsabindCombine multi-dimensional arraysaccuracy Tools for testing and improving accuracy of . . .acepack ace() and avas() for selecting regression transformationsactuarActuarial functions.rggobiInterface between R and GGobirgl3D visualization device system (OpenGL).RODBC ODBC database access.The graph of R influences was produced by Rgraphviz.14 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveOutline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans15 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveThe rgl packageDaniel Adler and I wrote this over the last few years. It’s awrapper for the OpenGL graphics rendering library:Can display solid 3D objects, with real-time rotation,hidden surface removal, etc.High level functions corresponding to classic S 2Dgraphics: plot3d(), etc.Low level functions for flashy computer graphics effects.16 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweave x - sort(rnorm(1000)); y - rnorm(1000) z - rnorm(1000) atan2(x,y) plot3d(x,y,z, col rainbow(1000), type "s")17 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweave material3d(texture "rgl2.png", texenvmap TRUE, color "gold") surface3d(10*1:nrow(volcano), 10*1:ncol(volcano), 5*volcano)18 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developments R activityrglSweavelat - matrix(seq(90,-90, .))long - matrix(seq(-180, 180, .))x - .; y - .; z - .persp3d(x, y, z, col "white", texture "world.png",normal x x, normal y y, normal z z, .)library(maps)data(world.cities)cities - subset(world.cities, pop 1e5).spheres3d(x,y,z, r 50*(cities pop/1e6) (1/3),col "grey")19 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweave20 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveOutline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans21 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveSweaveSweave is an implementation in R of literate programming:write the documentation and the source code in the samefile, and process the file in different ways to produce eithera program or a document describing it.In R, this has tended to be used for papers about statisticalmethods or for documentation of R packages:Write the paper in LATEX, with embedded R code for figuresor code demonstrations.This makes computations in the paper reproducible, andmodifiable.22 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveSweave input\begin{frame}\frametitle{R Language Influences}\begin{center} fig TRUE library(Rgraphviz); library(graph)nodes - c("R", "Scheme", "S", "APL", "Lisp", "Fortran","Ratfor", "CLOS", "C", "Haskell")edges - list(R character(0), Scheme c("R","Haskell"), S "R",APL c("S", "Haskell"), Lisp c("Scheme", "S","CLOS", "Haskell"), Fortran "Ratfor", Ratfor "S",CLOS "S", C c("S","R","Ratfor"), Haskell "R")g - new("graphNEL", nodes nodes, edgeL edges,edgemode "directed")plot(g)@\end{center}\end{frame}23 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveSweave output\begin{frame}\frametitle{R Language -graph}\end{center}\end{frame}. . . and files Rhistory-graph.pdf andRhistory-graph.eps.24 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsR activityrglSweaveLATEX outputCLispFortranRatforCLOSAPLSchemeHaskellSR25 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansOutline1About RR versus other languagesWhat is R?2Recent developments in RR activityrglSweave3Future developmentsPlans26 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 1998Ross Ihaka gave a talk on R at Interface ’98. He listed severalplans/wishes:An implementation close to S version 3, possibly S version4.27 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 1998Ross Ihaka gave a talk on R at Interface ’98. He listed severalplans/wishes:An implementation close to S version 3, possibly S version4.An integrated graphical user interface.27 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 1998Ross Ihaka gave a talk on R at Interface ’98. He listed severalplans/wishes:An implementation close to S version 3, possibly S version4.An integrated graphical user interface.Byte code compilation.27 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 1998Ross Ihaka gave a talk on R at Interface ’98. He listed severalplans/wishes:An implementation close to S version 3, possibly S version4.An integrated graphical user interface.Byte code compilation.Native code compilation.27 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.28 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.Source level debugger support.28 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.Source level debugger support.Better integration of all the types of help.28 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.Source level debugger support.Better integration of all the types of help.Start dropping some S features? e.g. partial matching ofnames.28 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.Source level debugger support.Better integration of all the types of help.Start dropping some S features? e.g. partial matching ofnames.Extend the S4 object model: formal definition of someproperties that are there but not well-defined; add classvariables and/or methods; some syntactic sugar tosweeten it?28 of 28
About RRecent developments in RFuture developmentsPlansThe future in 2007Byte code compilation.Source level debugger support.Better integration of all the types of help.Start dropping some S features? e.g. partial matching ofnames.Extend the S4 object model: formal definition of someproperties that are there but not well-defined; add classvariables and/or methods; some syntactic sugar tosweeten it?A common core to a GUI, so different platforms can bemore consistent, people can experiment with userinterfaces.28 of 28
Recent developments in R Future developments R versus other languages What is R? R is open source S S is like APL in showing the user a workspace with a calculator interface. S syntax is C-like in the definitions of binary operators, but it is more like Fortran in indexing arrays. Control structures are C-like, with some idiosyncracies:
Recent Developments A Taste of My Research Representation of a Separable Preorder Framework and Information Two (or Three) Fundamental Principles A Theorem Outline Motivation Historical Background Early History Late 20th Century Consensus Recent Developments Developments within framework Multiple Dimensions of Poverty Time: Chronic and .
Recent developments in etale cohomology David Hansen MPIM Bonn November 10, 2021 David Hansen Recent developments in etale cohomology 1/24. . History cont'd Some key later developments: Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne-Gabber '83: Perverse sheaves, t-structures, decomposition theorem, purity for intersection
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION “Recent developments are just like ancient history, except they happened less long ago.” By Bruce A. McGovern Professor of Law and Director, Tax Clinic South Texas College of Law Houston Houston, Texas 77002 Tele: 713-646-2920 e-mail: bmcgovern
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energies Concept Paper Recent Developments and Future Challenges in Designing Rechargeable Potassium-Sulfur and Potassium-Selenium Batteries Suyeong Lee 1, Jun Lee 1, Jaekook Kim 1, Marco Agostini 2,*, Shizhao Xiong 2, Aleksandar Matic 2 and Jang-Yeon Hwang 1,* 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju 61186, Korea; .
PLANNING ADVICE NOTE - GOOD PRACTICE GUIDE ON BASEMENT DEVELOPMENTS 4 1.2 EY ISSUES AND LEGISLATIVE ROLES K The table below sets out the key issues relating to basement developments and their construction and how they relate to the different planning and buildings legislature (LBRuT Basement Developments - Review of Planning Implications, 2014).
find on software development processes, which led me to Scrum and to Ken Schwaber’s early writings on it. In the years since my first Scrum proj ect, I have used Scrum on commercial products, software for internal use, consulting projects, projects with ISO 9001 requirements, and others. Each of these projects was unique, but what they had in common was urgency and criticality. Sc rum excels .
