Static And Dynamic Analysis Of Composite Propeller Of Ship Using FEA
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013Static And Dynamic Analysis Of Composite Propeller Of Ship Using FEAM. Vidya Sagar, M. Venkaiah And Dr. D. Sunil123M.Tech (CAD/CAM), Narasaraopeta Engineering College, Narasaraopet, Guntur ,Andhrapradesh, India.Assistant Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Narasaraopeta Engineering College,Narasaraopet, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, IndiaProfessor and Head, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Narasaraopeta Engineering College,Narasaraopet, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, IndiaABSTRACTThe propeller is a vital component for the safeoperation of ship at sea. It is therefore important toensure that ship propeller has adequate strength towith stand the forces that act upon them. Fiberreinforced plastic composite have high strength toweight and these materials have better corrosionresistance, lower maintenance, non magnetic propertyand it also have stealth property for naval vessels.The forces that act on a propeller blade arise fromthrust and torque of the propeller and the centrifugalforce on each blade caused by its revolution aroundthe axis. Owing to somewhat complex shape ofpropeller blades, the accurate calculations of thestresses resulting from these forces is extremelydifficult. The stress analysis of propeller blade withaluminum and composite material is carried out inthe present work.IJERTThe present thesis deals with modeling andanalyzing the propeller blade of underwater vehiclefor its strength. A propeller is a complex geometrywhich requires high end modeling software. Thesolid model of propeller is developed using CATIAV5 R17. Tetrahedral mesh is generated for the modelusing HYPER MESH. Static, Eigen and frequencyresponses analysis of both aluminum and compositepropeller are carried out in ANSYS. Inter laminarshear stresses are calculated for composite propellerby varying the number of layers. The stressesobtained are well within the limit of elastic propertyof the materials. The dynamic analysis of aluminum,composite propeller which is a combination of GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and CFRP (CarbonFiber Reinforced Plastics) materials.Keywords: Composite propeller, Static analysis,Eigen value analysis, Harmonic analysis, FEAINTRODUCTION:Ships and under water vehicles likesubmarines, torpedoes and submersibles etc., usepropeller for propulsion. The blade geometry and itsdesign are more complex involving many controllingparameters. The strength analysis of such complex3D blades with conventional formulas will give lessaccurate values. In such cases finite element analysisgives comparable results with experimental values. Inthe present analysis the propeller blade material isconverted from aluminum metal to fiber reinforcedcomposite material for under water vehicle propeller.Such complex analysis can be easily solved by finiteelement method techniques.IJERTV2IS70418LITERATURE REVIEW:The strength requirements of propellersdictate that not only the blades be sufficiently robustto withstand long periods of arduous service withoutsuffering failure or permanent distortion, but also thatthe elastic deflection under load should not alter thegeometrical shape to such an extent as to modify thedesigned distribution of loading .A first approach tostrength problem was made by Taylor [1] whoconsidered a propeller blade as a cantilever rigidlyfixed at the boss. J.E.Connolly [2] addressed theproblem of wide blades, tried to combine boththeoretical and experimental investigations. Terjesonntvedt [3] studied the application of finite elementmethods for frequency response under hydrodynamicloading. Chang-sup lee [4] et.al investigated the mainsources of propeller blade failures and resolved theproblem systematically. M.Jourdain [5] recognizedthat the failure of in-numerous blades was due tofatigue, which cannot be taken into account in awww.ijert.org2587
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013conventional static strength calculation. G.H.M.Beek[6] the interference between the stress conditions inboth parts. George [7] used the distribution of thrustand torque along the radius to compare actualperformance of a propeller with calculatedperformance. P.Castellini [8] describes the vibrationmeasurements on blades of a propeller rotting inwater with tracking laser vibrometer. W.J.Colclough[9] et.al, studied the advantages of a compositepropeller blade made of fiber reinforced plastic overthat of the propeller blade made from other materials.J.G.Russel [10] developed a method for bladeconstruction employing CFRP in a basic loadcarrying spar with a GFRP outer shell having aerofoilform.is selected for composite propeller and solid 92element type is selected for aluminum propeller.MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF PROPELLER:Aluminum propertiesYoung’s modulus E 70000 MPaPoisson’s ratio 0.29Mass density 2700 gm/ccDamping co-efficient 0.03Material properties for composite Propeller used forpresent workMat no 1: S2Glassfabric/EpoxyMat no 2: CarbonUD/EpoxyE1 20 N/mm2E2 20 N/mm2E3 12.4 N/mm2υ1 0.08υ2 0.41υ3 0.41G12 4.05 N/mm2G23 3.4 N/mm2G13 3.4 N/mm2Density 2gm/ccE1 116.04 N/mm2E2 9.709 N/mm2E3 9.709 N/mm2υ1 0.334υ2 0.328υ3 0.5G12 8 N/mm2G23 6 N/mm2G13 3.1 N/mm2Density 16gm/ccIJERTMODELING OF PROPELLER:Modeling of the propeller is done usingCATIA V5R17. In order to model the blade which iscompatible for shell mesh, it is necessary to havesections midline (profile) of the propeller at variousradii. These sections are drawn with the help ofMacros. That Profiles (Midlines) drawn are thenrotated through their respective pitch angles fromtheir stack point. Then all rotated sections areprojected onto right circular cylinders of respectiveradii.Fig1: Final model of PropellerMESH GENARATION USING HYPERMESH:The solid model is imported to HYPERMESH10.0 and tetrahedron mesh is generated for the same.Boundary conditions are applied to meshed model.The contact surface between hub and shaft is fixed inall degrees of freedom. Thrust of 4000 N is uniformlydistributed on face side of blade, since it is themaximum loading condition region on each blade.The loading condition is as shown in below fig.Numbers of nodes created were and numbers ofelements created are 1,65,238. Then the meshedmodel is imported into the ANSYS. Solid 46 elementIJERTV2IS70418Fig2: Loading on meshed modelEIGEN VALUE ANALYSIS:The required boundary conditions anddensity are given for extracting the first ten modeshapes of both aluminum and composite propellerblade. Type of analysis is changed to model and firstten mode shapes are obtained.www.ijert.org2588
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013HARMONIC ANALYSIS:Type of analysis is changed to harmonic.Frequency range in which the propeller operates isgiven as 0-2000 for aluminum and 0-5000 forcomposite propeller. Five sub steps are given. Ampfreq graph is plotted for aluminum as well ascomposite (i.e. 4, 8, 12, and 16) layers.RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS:Linear static analysis is concerned with thebehavior of elastic continua under prescribedboundary conditions and statically applied loads. Theapplied load in this case is thrust acting on blades.Under water vehicle with contra rotating propeller ischosen for FE analysis. The FE analysis is carried outusing ANSYS. The deformations and stresses arecalculated for aluminum (isotropic) and compositepropeller (orthotropic material). In compositepropeller 4 cases are considered, those are number oflayers is varied as 4, 8, 12, 16. For propeller bladeanalysis 3D solid element type 92 is considered foraluminum and solid 46 for composite propeller.IJERTStatic analysis of aluminum propeller:The deformation pattern for aluminumpropeller is shown in figure 3. The maximumdeflection was found as 6.883mm in y-direction.Maximum principal stress value for the aluminumpropeller are shown in figure 4.The Von mises stresson the basis of shear distortion energy theory alsocalculated in the present analysis. The maximum vonmises stress induced for aluminum blade is 525.918N/mm2 as shown in figure 5.Fig 4: max normal stress of aluminum propellerTable 1. Deflections & Stresses in aluminumpropeller under static conditionResultAluminumpropellerDeflection in mm6.883Max. normal stress N/mm2485.3372Von mises N/mm525.9181st principal stress N/mm2518.775nd22 principal stress N/mm206.945Fig 3: max deflection of aluminum PropellerIJERTV2IS70418Fig5: max von mises stress of aluminum propellerStatic analysis of composite propeller:Four cases are considered for static analysisof composite propeller by varying the number oflayers to check the bonding strength. Interlaminarshear stresses are calculated for all cases.Case 1: 4 LayersCase2: 8 layersCase 3: 12 layersCase 4: 16 layers.Table 2. Static analysis results of composite propellerNo.oflayersMaxdeflectionin ss,N/mm251.32752.14652.74453.01Case1: Analysis results of 4 layersMaximum deflection for compositepropeller with 4 layers was found to be 0.47939mmZ-direction i.e. perpendicular to fibers of the blade aswww.ijert.org2589
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013shown in figure 6. The maximum normal stress wasfound to be 77.555 N/mm2 as shown in figure 7.Themaximum von mises stress was found to be 97.038N/mm2 as shown in figure 8. The maximuminterlaminar shear stress was found to be 51.327N/mm2 as shown in figure 9 at top of 4th layer.Fig9: max. Interlaminar shear stress of compositepropeller with 4 layersIJERTFig6: max. Deflection of composite propeller with 4layersCase2: Analysis results of 8 layersMaximum deflection for composite propellerwith 8 layers was found to be 0.47721mm Z-directioni.e. perpendicular to fibers of the blade as shown infigure 10. The maximum normal stress was found tobe 77.611 N/mm2 as shown in figure 11.Themaximum von mises stress was found to be 99.276N/mm2 as shown in figure 12. The maximuminterlaminar shear stress was found to be 52.146N/mm2 as shown in figure 13 in compression at topof 8th layer.Fig7: max. Normal stress in composite propeller with4 layersFig10: max. Deflection of composite propeller with 8layersFig8: max. Von mises stress ofwith 4 layersIJERTV2IS70418composite propellerFig11: max normal stress of composite propeller with8 layerswww.ijert.org2590
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013Fig15: max normal stress of composite propeller with12 layersIJERTFig12: max. Von mises stress of composite propellerwith 8 layersFig13: max. Interlaminar shear stress of compositewith 8 layersFig16: max.von mises stress of composite propellerwith 12 layersCase3: Analysis results of 12 layersMaximum deflection for composite propellerwith 12 layers was found to be 0.4846mm Z-directioni.e. perpendicular to fibers of the blade as shown infigure 14. The maximum stress was found to be78.784 N/mm2 as shown in figure 15.The maximumvon mises stress was found to be 101.099 N/mm2 asshown in figure 16. The maximum interlaminar shearstress was found to be 52.744 N/mm2 as shown infigure 17 in compression at top of 12th layer.Fig17: max. Interlaminar shear stress of compositepropeller with 12 layersFig14: max deflection of composite propeller with 12layersIJERTV2IS70418Case 4: Analysis results of 16 layersMaximum deflection for composite propellerwith 16 layers was found to be 0.488923m Zdirection i.e. perpendicular to fibers of the blade asshown in figure 18. The maximum stress was foundto be 79.511 N/mm2 as shown in figure 19. Themaximum von mises stress was found to be 101.876N/mm2 as shown in figure 20. The maximuminterlaminar shear stress was found to be 53.07N/mm2 as shown in figure 21 in compression at topof 16th layer.www.ijert.org2591
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013EIGEN VALUE ANALYSIS OF PROPELLER:Eigen value analysis is carried out by usingBlock Lanczos method. First ten natural frequenciesare obtained for aluminum. The natural frequenciesof aluminum and composite propeller are compared.The natural frequencies of composite materials werefound 80.5% more as the mass of the compositematerials were less than that of aluminum.IJERTFig18: max. Deflection of composite propeller with16 layersTable 3. Natural frequencies of aluminum propellerbladeS. NoEigen valueEigen valueanalysis foranalysis foraluminum incompositeHZpropeller in 1178.53174.09.1178.53177.810.1178.53181.9Fig19: max stress of composite propeller with 16layersHARMONIC ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUMPROPELLERIn this harmonic analysis for aluminumpropeller, Amplitude vs. frequency graphs is plotted.It is observed that resonance occurs in the frequencyrange of 400 Hz in UX direction, was found same inother two directions as shown in figures 22-24.Fig20: max.von mises stress of composite propellerwith 16 layersFig22: amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in UxdirectionFig21: max. Interlaminar shear stress of compositepropeller with 16 layersIJERTV2IS70418www.ijert.org2592
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013Fig23: amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in UydirectionFig27: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in Uzdirection4 LayersFig28: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in UxdirectionFig25: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in UxdirectionFig29: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in UyDirectionIJERTFig24: amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in UzdirectionHARMONIC ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITEPROPELLER16 LayersFig26: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller inUy directionIJERTV2IS70418Fig30: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in Uzdirectionwww.ijert.org2593
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 20133. Eigen value analysis results showed that thenatural frequencies of composite propeller were80.5% more than aluminum propeller, whichindicates that the operation range of frequency ishigher for composite propeller.4. Harmonic analysis results for aluminum propellershows that the resonance occurs in the frequencyrange of 400 Hz in Ux, Uy, Uz directions, so thepropeller may be operated in frequency range otherthan 400Hz.5. Harmonic analysis results for composite propellershows that the resonance occurs in the frequencyrange of 2000-2500Hz in Ux, 2500-3000 Uy, around2000Hz in Uz directions, so the propeller may beoperated in frequency range other than 2000-3000Hz.REFRENCES1. Taylor, D.w, “The Speed and Power andShips”, Washington, 19332. J.E.Conolly, “Strength Of Propellers”,reads in London at a meeting of the royalintuition of naval architects on dec1.1960,pp 139-1603. Terje sonntvedt, “Propeller Blade Stresses,Application Of Finite Element Methods”computers and structures, vol.4,pp1932044. Chang-sup lee, yong-jik Kim, gun-do Kimand in-sik nho. “Case Study On TheStructural Failure Of Marine PropellerBlades”5. M.jourdian, visitor and J.L.Armand.“Strength of Propeller Blades-A NumericalApproach”, the socity of naval architectsand marine engineers, may 24-25, 1978,pp 20-1-21-3.6. G.H.M.Beek, visitor, lips B.V. Drunen.“Hub-Blade Interaction In PropellerStrength”, the socity of naval architectsand marine engineers, may 2425,1978,pp19-1-19-147. George W.Stickle and John L Crigler.“Propeller analysis from experimentaldata” report No.712, pp 147-164.8. P.Castellini,C.Santolini.“VibrationMeasurements On Blades Of A NavalPropeller Rotating In Water With TrackingLaser Vibromneter ”Dept. of mechanics,university of Ancona, pp43-549. W.J.Colclough and J.G.Russel. “TheDevelopment Of A Composite PropellerBlade With A CFRP Spar” aeronauticaljournal, Jan 1972, pp53-5710. J.G.Russel “use of reinforced plastics in acomposite propeller blade” plastics andpolymers, Dec 1973 pp292-296IJERTFig31: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in UxdirectionFig32: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller in UydirectionFig33: amp-freq graph of Composite propeller inUz directionCONCLUSIONS1. The deflection for composite propeller blade wasfound to be around 0.5mm for all layers which ismuch less than that of aluminum propeller i.e6.883mm, which shows composite materials is muchstiffer than aluminum propeller.2. Interlaminar shear stresses were calculated forcomposite propeller by incorporating differentnumber of layers viz. 4,8,12,16 and was found thatthe percentage variation was about 3.147%,whichshows that there is strong bonding between the layersand there’s no peel-off.IJERTV2IS70418www.ijert.org2594
Static, Eigen and frequency responses analysis of both aluminum and composite propeller are carried out in ANSYS. Inter laminar shear stresses are calculated for composite propeller by varying the number of layers. The stresses obtained are well within the limit of elastic property of the materials. The dynamic analysis of aluminum,
simulation method. A dynamic fault tree usually consists of static gates and dynamic gates. The unique function of dynamic gates is depicting interactions in a complex system, which cannot be realized by static gates. In order to understand fault tree better, we apply static fault tree and dynamic fault tree in risk analysis of di erent areas .
variation of the load is small, hence static analysis is sufficient. However, in case of off-shore structures (oil rigs), high rise buildings subjected to lateral loads (wind, earth quake) dynamic effects of the load must be explored for knowing the exact safety and reliability of the structure. Comparison between static and dynamic analysis:
Abstract: Static analysis relies on features extracted without executing code, while dynamic analysis extracts features based on execution (or emulation). In general, static analysis is more efficient, while dynamic analysis can be more informative, particularly in cases where the code is obfuscated. Static analysis of an Android application
l Combines static and dynamic analysis l Static analysis phase Extract program communication structure tree - Loops, branches etc. l Dynamic analysis phase Use this tree as a template "Fill in" runtime information - Loop count MUG'18-Combining Static and 26 Analysis for Top -down Communication Trace Compression 11
Static analysis checks 20 Stages of static analysis Control flow analysis. Checks for loops with multiple exit or entry points, finds unreachable code, etc. Data use analysis. Detects uninitialized variables, variables written twice without an intervening assignment, variables which are declared but never used, etc. Interface analysis.
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5 Vulnerability Analysis Techniques Static analysis Analysis performed before a program starts execution Works mainly on source code Binary static analysis techniques are rather limited Not very effective in practice, so we won't discuss in depth Dynamic analysis Analysis performed by executing the program Key challenge: How to generate input for execution?
Nonlinear Iwan Joints Using Quasi-Static Modal Analysis," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol 118, pp. 133-157, 2019. Dynamic analysis of a structure is computationally expensive so we use a static analysis 10x increase in speed for a quasi-static case (seconds) vs. static response
