Measuring The IPv6 Internet By Active DNS And HTTP Measurements . - CAIDA
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measuring the IPv6 Internet by active DNS and HTTP measurements (work in progress) Emile Aben emile.aben@ripe.net Emile Aben Early 21st centry http://www.ripe.net 1
RIPE Network Coordination Centre The 2 Internets The IPv4 Internet The IPv6 Internet How are they different? - Size - Structure - Operational problems Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 2
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Other IPv6 measurements RIR delegations (prereq for IPv6) BGP table sizes (prereq for IPv6) Traffic (backbone, IX) (very link dependent) Web server stats (edge) Compilation on RIPE Labs: lation Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 3
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Problem statement Can we measure the IPv6 connectivity of the end users, in combination with their ISPs to provide more insight into IPv6 deployment? - How different is the IPv6 readiness between these groups? - More accurate info can influence IPv6 deployment We prototyped a method of looking at IPv4/IPv6 at the client and the recursive DNS resolver the client is using - Recursive DNS resolver usually part of ISP infrastructure Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 4
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Methodology Make web client fetch data from a number of different URLs Vary the way the client can fetch data over HTTP - Only over IPv4, only over IPv6, or allow both Vary the way the DNS resolver can perform a DNS lookup - Only over IPv4, only over IPv6, or allow both We can observe and correlate the resulting HTTP and DNS requests Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 5
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement setup (step 1) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 6
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement setup (step 3 HTTP) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 7
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement setup (step 2, DNS) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 8
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Submeasurements HTTP DNS DNS DNS v4 v6 both h4.d4 h4.d6 - h6.d4 - - - - hb.db v4 HTTP v6 HTTP both Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 9
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Methodology details Unique ID allows for correlation between the 4 sub-measurements Low DNS RR TTL makes caching a no-op Measurements are limited to 1 run of the script per day per client Aggregate results over 1 day (DHCP) Measurement bias on clients: - Only visitors to site with measurement-script - Clients that use javascript ( 95%) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 10
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Data collected Client IPv6 preference: - hb.db test resulted in client using IPv6 Client IPv6 capable: - h6.d4 test resulted in client using IPv6 Resolver IPv6 capable: - h4.d6 test resulted in DNS resolver using IPv6 AAAA queries seen: - Any test resulted in AAAA queries being directed at measurement DNS server Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 11
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Initial results (Labs) Script served from on RIPE Labs (n 768): Client prefers IPv6 7.2% Client has IPv6 9.2% Resolver has IPv6 11.0% AAAA observed 29.4% Caveat: - Teredo connectivity problems Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 12
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Initial results (www) Script served from RIPE www (n 8707, 1d): Client prefers IPv6 1.4% Client has IPv6 3.5% Resolver has IPv6 5.6% AAAA observed 10.8% Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 13
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Initial results (www) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 14
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Initial results at AS level Map IP to AS using INRDB - Special treatment for 6to4 and Teredo At AS level (total routing table 33k) - Web clients: 2311 ASes seen 77 ASes with IPv6 activity (3.3%) - Resolvers: 2199 ASes seen 144 ASes IPv6 activity (6.5%) Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 15
RIPE Network Coordination Centre DNS relationships Are client and resolver in the same AS? n v4 HTTP 8260 Same Different Mixed AS AS AS 78.7% 19.6% 1.7% 21.2% 78.5% 0.3% 63.9% 36.1% 0.0% v4 DNS v6 HTTP 297 v4 DNS v4 HTTP 415 v6 DNS Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 16
RIPE Network Coordination Centre DNS relationships ASes providing DNS service to other Ases: - Open resolver unintentional DNS service, high indegree (Open DNS, Google) - Business relationship (c2p, other?) # clients # client ASes ASN Name 206 130 36692 OpenDNS 170 113 15169 Google 97 59 3356 Level3 38 16 3269 Telecom Italia 32 21 702 Verizon EMEA Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 17
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Possible next steps Move out from feasibility-study phase Scale up (can you host a javascript?) Track over longer time Use in IPv6 geo-location Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 18
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Initial Conclusions This method works and can be used to study the relationship between populations of web clients and the DNS resolvers they use - We want more data! In 3.6% of measurements we see IPv6 capable clients In 5.3% of measurements we see IPv6 capable resolvers Significant number of clients use a resolver not in their own AS Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 19
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Questions? Emile Aben AIMS 2010 http://www.ripe.net 20
Client IPv6 preference:-hb.db test resulted in client using IPv6 Client IPv6 capable:-h6.d4 test resulted in client using IPv6 Resolver IPv6 capable:-h4.d6 test resulted in DNS resolver using IPv6 AAAA queries seen:-Any test resulted in AAAA queries being directed at measurement DNS server
ipv6 hello-interval eigrp 10 1. ipv6 hold-time eigrp 10 3. ipv6 authentication mode eigrp 10 md5. ipv6 authentication keychain - eigrp 10 eigrp. interface Vlan4. description Data VLAN for Access: ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::2/64. ipv6 nd prefix 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 no-advertise. ipv6 nd managed-config-flag. ipv6 dhcp relay destination 2001 .
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Over 5.5% of networks on the Internet are IPv6-enabled (and accelerating) At least 23% of IXPs support IPv6 Over 90% of installed OSes are IPv6-ready (and 25% on by default) Approx 1% of DNS (1.5 mil names) has IPv6 Only 0.15% of the top 1 million websites (ranked by Alexa) are IPv6 accessible The top economies with IPv6 presence
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