CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING: A CASE
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING: A CASE STUDY OF"CADANGAN MEMBJNA DAN MENYIAPKAN KEJLL1YYAH SAINSUNTUK UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA MALAYSIA"MOHD KHALIL BIN ABDUL KADJRA final year project report submittedpartial fulfillmentof the requirement for the award of the degree ofinBachelor of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringKolej Universiti Kejuruteraan dan Teknologi MalaysiaNOVEMBER, 2006
VABSTRACTConstruction planning and scheduling is one of the important tool in aconstruction project. Every construction project involve with a lot of activities whichneed to be planned and schedule properly to ensure the completion of the project.Therefore the study on construction planning and scheduling must be conduct toprovide knowledge on this topic and (a view on how it is be implement theoreticallyand in the real case of construction project). This study reviewed on the concept ofsequence of work for building construction project, scheduling technique used in theprimavera project planner and the development of construction planning andscheduling on building construction of science faculty International IslamicUniversity Malaysia (hUM). From the study is found that the sequence of work forbuilding construction project can be divided in to four main categories which issubstructure work, superstructure work, architectural work and mechanical andelectrical work. The study also found that the precedence diagramming method PDMis a scheduling technique used in the primavera project planner and the total durationfor the HUM project after developed using the primavera project planner is 695 days.
ABSTRAKPerancangan dan penjadualan pembinaan adalah salah satu daripadapengetahuan yang amat penting dalam sesuatu Projek pembinaan. Setiap projekpembinaan akan melibatkan banyak aktiviti-aktiviti yang akan dijalankan yang sudahtentunya memerlukan perancangan dan penjadualan pembinaan yang betul bagimemastikan projek tersebut dapat disiapkan dengan mengikut jadual. Oleh sebab itusatu kajian ke atas perancanggan dan penjadualan pembinaan harus dijalankankerana ianya akan dapat memberikan serba sedikit pengetahuan tentang topik mi danmemberikan gambaran bagaimana ianya dipraktikkan secara teori di dalam situasipembinaan sebenar. Kajian mi menyentuh tentang konsep turutan kerja untuk projekpembinaan bangunan, teknik penjadualan yang digunakan di dalam perisianprimavera dan penghasilan perancanggan dan penjadualan untuk projek pembinaanbangunan bagi kulliyyah sains Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. Daripadakajian boleh disimpulkan untuk turutan kerja bagi pembinaan bangunan boleh dibahagikan kepada empat kerja utama iaitu kerja-kerja untuk struktur bawah, kerjauntuk struktur atas, kerja-kerja arkitek dan kerja-kerja mekanikal dan elektnkal. Dankajian juga didapati bahawa kaedah gambarajah duluan adalah kaedah penjadualanyang diguna pakai dalam perisian primavera dan jumlah masa bagi projek pembinaanbagunan untuk kulliyyah sains Universiti Islam Antarabangsa adalah 695 han.
viiTABLE OF NACKNOWLEDGEMENTABSTRACTABSTRAKTABLE OF CONTENTSviiLIST OF TABLESxiLIST OF FIGURESXiiLIST OF APPENDICESxiiiCHAPTER 1CHAPTER 2IN FRODUCTION1.1General11.2Problem Statement31.3Objective of Study41.4Importance of Study51.5Scope of Study6LITERATURE REVIEW
VIII2.1General82.2Construction Project Life Cycle92.3Sequence of Work102.4Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)132.4.1 Use of Work Breakdown Structure142.4.2 Work Breakdown Structure for building16Construction2.5CHAPTER 3Conclusion19LITERATURE REVIEW3.1General213.2Planning and Scheduling223.2.1Definition of Planning and Scheduling223.2.2Basic Concept in the Development of23Construction Plans3.2.33.3Schedule Use in Pre Planning26Scheduling Technique263.3.1Critical Path Method (CPM)273.3.1.1 Fundamental of Critical Path27(CPM)3.3.1.2 CPM Identified critical activities3.3.23.3.33.3.428Program Evaluation and Review Technique 293.32.1 Network Construction293.3.2.2 Computational Process in PERT30Line of Balance (LOB)303.3.3.1 Concept of LOB31Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)313.3.4.1 Network Logic Creation323.3.4.2 Project Duration Determination323.3.4.3 Forward Pass33
ix3.43.3.4.4 Backward Pass.333.3.4.5 The Critical Path343.3.4.6 Float34Time Duration353.4.1General353.4.2Textbook Approach363.4.3Duration from Subcontractor or Vendor363.4.4Duration from Superintendents or Crew37Leader3.4.53.5CHAPTER 4Scheduling for Inclement WeatherConclusion3738REASEARCH METHODOLOGY4.1General394.2Literature Review404.3Information Collected404.3.1Interview414.3.2Project Description414.3.3Initial Planning424.3.4Interview Question424.3.5Factor Consider In Preparing Interview43Question4.3.6CHAPTER 5Structure of Interview Question454.4Data Collected464.5Respondent Selection464.6Interview Procedure474.7Data Analysis474.8Conclusion and Recommendation48ANALYSIS AND RESULT5.1General505.2Respondents Background515.3Interview Analysis515.3.152Project Delivery Method
x5.3.2Sequence of Work535.3.3Work Breakdown Structure535.3.3.1 Piling Work585.3.3.2 Structural Work595.3.3.3 Architectural Work605.3.3.4 Mechanical and Electrical Services615.3.4Link of Activity625.3.5Duration Determination645.4Use of Software as Planning and Scheduling Tool655.5Work Breakdown Structure for II1JM using66Primavera Project Planner5.6CHAPTER 6Scheduling of HUM Building Construction Project 76CONCLUSION AND cheduling Technique Use in DevelopingPrimavera Project Planner Software6.2.2Determination of Time Duration for86Construction Planning and Scheduling6.2.3Construction Planning and Scheduling87Of International Islamic University DIX 192APPENDIX 2APPENDIX 396
xiLIST OF TABLESTABLE NO.TITLEPAGE2.1Sequence of work for building construction105.1Comparison on WBS elements of Building Project545.2WBS for HUM building construction project67
xliLIST OF FIGURESFIGURE NO.TITLEPAGE3.1Arrow Diagram284.1Research Methodology Flowchart495.2aScheduling for HUM project775.2bScheduling for HUM project785.2cScheduling for HUM project795.2dScheduling for HUM project805.2eScheduling for HUM project815.3S-curve for HUM project82
xliiLIST OF APPENDICESAPPENDIXI2TITLEPAGEFigure 1A Construction project life cycle92Figure I Typical WBS93Figure 2A CPM logic diagram-main network for a hotel project 94Figure 2B Example of PERT network94Figure 2C Precedence activity box format and example95Figure 2D Forward and backward pass early start and finish date95and late start and finish date3Figure 3.A Alternative Emphases in Construction Planning96Figure 3.B Example of precedence network97Figure 3C Sequence of work for wall, slab, and column98
CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 GeneralThe construction industry today has been built on the need of the worldsinhabitants to provide shelter, harness energy, and create public access. The basic humanneed have not changed over time even though the process and environment in whichdesigner or constructor operate have becoming increasingly more complicated. Rapidlyescalating technology has made possible structure and processes unimaginable evenfrom generation to generation.By referring back to the flow of the global development industries it will see thatdeveloping country like Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and India are still spending a lotof money in development of a new project like housing, building office, shopping malletc. This phenomenon will influence the increasing of the job opportunity for the peopleat those countries especially the fresh graduate because with the development of the newindustrial areas and business area it shows that a lot of new workers needed to involve inthe development of the country. The different scenario for the development country
2because for them they more stress on the maintaining the existing buildings in order toprolog the life span of the building.Malaysia is the one of the developing country which is still concentrate in thedevelopment of the new buildings and at the same time maintaining all existing building.The government spending a lot of money for the new infrastructure works especially theinfrastructure that will provide the public facilities such as school, hospital, universityand low cost housing project. With this opportunity it will cause the increasing numberof new contractor company. At the same time multinational companies are lookingforward in exploring the construction project around Asian nation especially India.By looking for the expenditure of the constructions industry, the projectmanagement profession is being very valuable for the construction companies in order tomake sure the project that currently running can be completed successfully. The projectmanagement knowlee becomes the critical part in the project because it contains theknowledge in controlling the cost, scheduling, and resources. In this project managementfield, project manager plays very important role in the construction project. Projectmanager is responsible personnel to ensure the project complete successfully thus it areimportant for the project manager to have experience and knowledge in projectmanagement technique.The construction management it may refer to the contractual arrangement underwhich is a firm supplies construction management service to an owner. However, in itsmore common use it refers to the act of managing the construction process which is theway to manage the basic resource of construction. The resource included workers andsubcontractor, equipment and construction plant, material, money and time. Skillfulconstruction management results in the project completion on time and within budget.
3Time management is on keys of effective project management. They are a fewproblems effect the time management such as a rework activity, the change of jobspecification without direct notification, work overload, unreasonable time constraintand etc. The impact that from poor time management will cause delay or event worsteffect mostly on cost as it is correlates to each other. As a solution of this situation theplanning and scheduling will be the best method that can be used to overcome with thisproblem. With the proper planning and scheduling it will assist the project manager incompleting the project within the time and meet the aim and objective of the project.1.2 Problem StatementMalaysian Construction industry now days are facing with a lot of problemwhich is produce the lost of a billions ringgit. The main factor which gives the instabilityto the construction industry is a cost and time planning. By referring to the news in massmedia the cost and the time of the project will be the first factors that lead in theuncompleted of the project or the delayed of the project. This phenomenon will cause alot of problem to the client which is the client must do the payment back to the bankform the loan that the bank provided although the project did not complete.Cost of the project is the factor that usually may lead of the project delayed oruncompleted. Without the proper planning the construction company may lost a lot ofProfit from the project and this situation may cause the project cannot finished on thetime. The multi-storey building construction project is the projects that involve a lot ofmoney and using a lot of time to be complete. The construction company shouldplanning the project cost by looking for the future because the company must predict thematerials price for the future if anything situation that may lead to the increasing of thematerials price occur. The uncontrolled usage of the source at the site also is being the
FA4factor that leads to the lost of the profit. This is because if the construction company didnot control well the usage of the source it will cause the company spend more moneywithout following the planning cost and at the end of the project the company will lost alot of money and sometimes the company will suffer the lost of profit in the project.The time scheduling also is the major factor that lead to the delayed or theuncompleted of the project. The construction company is facing a tough challenge in thetime planning of the project because without the proper planning the time factor willcause the lost of the profit to the company. All of the construction company haveplanning and scheduling the time first before starting the project and some of thecompany did not follow well the time constraint of the project and this situation will leadthe delayed of the project. Sometimes the construction companies which are planningtheir time for the project did not concern about the environment factor when doing theplanning. The environment factor must be consider when doing the planning because thebad impact of the environment factor to the scheduling of the project will cause thedelayed of the project and at the same time will make the loss of profit to the company.Thus it is important to carry a study on schedule developing for a project.1.3 Objective of StudyFor conducting this study the main objective have to be finding first and afterthat with the clears objective the study can be conduct easily and successfully. Thereforefor conducting this study the 3 main objective have been choose and this objective willbe the guide line for the production of the final thesis which is related with this topic,PIahning and scheduling using primavera software. A case study of project "Membina
5Dan Menyiapkafl Kulliyyah Sains Untuk Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia DiBandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang Darn! Makmur ".1) To identify construction sequence for building construction.2) To identify scheduling technique used in developing planning and scheduling.3) To develop scheduling using Primavera project planners software.1.4 Importance of StudyThe importance of this study also it will help the project manager to know thecritical path of the building construction work sequence. Therefore it will help theproject manager to produce the good planning and scheduling for the project and lastlywith the good planning and scheduling it will help the project complete on timesuccessfully.The importance of this study to be conduct because with this study it will givesome input to the project manager or the undergraduate civil engineering student aboutthe scheduling technique which has been commonly use in the developing of planningand scheduling for the construction project and from that it will help the person whenchoosing the best technique to be use for developing the planning and scheduling.This study also importance to the constructions industry and the project manageron the application of the Primavera project planner software which is the software can bethe best Solution to solve the problem in the planning and scheduling for the constructionProject because from this study it will shows that by using this software in the planning
and scheduling and also match it with the good controlling and monitoring to the projectit will lead to the successfully of the project and the project will complete on time andthe last result the company will receive the profit like as it dream from the first of theproject.1.5 Scope of StudyThe primavera software is being the first source in conducting this study. Thissoftware will be using to develop a planning and scheduling model for the buildingconstruction project. Although the usage of this software between the constructionscompany is still lower, therefore with the production of these report finally will give theperson some input about the importance of the primavera project planner software in theplanning and scheduling for the construction project.This study also will concentrate on a several contractor company which haveinvolve in the multi-storey building construction project around Pahang. The studiesjust concentrate on the work sequences of the multi-storey building and the planning andscheduling technique that has been using for the project.This study also will be more focus on the usage of the PDM technique("PRESEDENCE DIAGRAM METHOD") in planning and scheduling in the projectbecause this technique is a base on the production of the designing primavera software.The several contractors will be choosing to be as a respondent in this study.One construction project which is still under construction in Kuantan will bechoosing as a case study for this project. The project is a "Cadangan Membina Dan
Menyiapkafl Kulliyyah Sains Untuk Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia" and it issituated at Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur
CHAPTER 2CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION2.1 GeneralThe life cycle is the only thing that uniquely distinguishes projects from nonprojects". If that is true, then it would be valuable to examine just what role the so-calledproject life cycle plays in the conduct of project management. The basic life cyclefollows a common generic sequence: Opportunity, Design & Development, Production,Hand-over, and Post-Project Evaluation. A project can be defined as the work requiredtaking an opportunity and converting it into an asset." In this sense, both the opportunityand asset are singular, with the implied use being for generating benefit rather thanconsumed as a resource in normal operational activity over a prolonged period.(Kerzner, 1995).
2.2 Construction Project Life CycleAccording to Lawrance, (2003) a project has been defined as having a beginningand an end (the life) and the project can be divided Up into several stages. The projectthen is said to have a life cycle. The cycle does not usually repeat.For a construction project, there are several standard stages for the holisticpicture and with looking at. The client is involved in all of these stages and outsideappointments may only be made for some of client, depending upon client choice andexpertise. The diagram indicates the main phases of a construction project and the orderin which they come. Figure 1A Construction Project Life Cycle can be refer to theAppendix 1.The design and tender stages are included within the pre construction box underthis model. Engineering commissioning is making sure the systems are working in thebuilding, and client occupation includes fitting out.Only one or two of these stages are considered by the contractor and designer;Co nsequently client objectives are not in perspective and there is frequently no overallstrategy for the project which would aid the client.
10 The client's chief concerns are to meet their business objectives which may, forexample, concern performance, aesthetics, and sustainability, production or sales targets.This makes the client more active in the beginning and the end stages. In other forms ofprocurement s such as design and build, PFI (Private Finance Initiative) and constructionmanagement, the contractor plays a closer role to the client.The project team should be concerned with the effectiveness as well as theefficiency of the project. Effectiveness will be enhanced if there is more of an overlap inthe roles played by design and construction so that each individual player may takeaction in the light of a greater understanding of client requirements.2.3 Sequence of WorkTable 2.1c Courtesy: (Chudley and Greeno, 1999) Sequence of work for building constructionNOSEQUENCE OF WORKSUBSTRUCTURE WORK1-234S678910FOOTINGCaisson ExcavationDrilling CassionPrefabricated Steel CasingInstallation Temporary Steel CasingRemove water from HoleInstallation Reinforced BarsPouring Concrete WorkConcrete VibrationFOUNDATION
ITable 2.1c: 1323334-123456789101112131Positioning FormworkPrefabricated Reinforcement BarInstallation Reinforcement BarPouring concreteConcrete VibrationCuring ProcessStriping Concrete FormworkGROUND FLOOR BEAMPositioning
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