ACT Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy
WAction Plan No.oodlands for WildlifeACT Lowland WoodlandConservation Strategy27
Action Plan No.27Woodlands for WildlifeACT Lowland WoodlandConservation Strategy
This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the CopyrightAct 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the writtempermission from Customer Services and Information, Department of UrbanServices, ACT Government, GPO Box 158, Canberra City ACT 2601.ISBN: 0 642 60259 X Australian Capital Territory, March 2004.Publishing by Environment ACT (ECR 04/1202)Environment ACT Helpline: (02) 6207 9777Environment ACT Website: www.environment.act.gov.au
VisionThe Australian Capital Territory makesan outstanding contribution, regionallyand nationally, to the conservation ofLowland Woodland.Before European settlement, the temperate woodlands of the ACT andregion, and their component floral and faunal communities, were oncepart of a great grassy woodland mosaic covering much of sub-coastalsouth-eastern Australia. In acknowledgment of the importance of thisconnectivity, the ACT Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy takesan integrative, territory-wide approach within a regional context, to theprotection of the remaining lowland grassy woodlands. It recognisesthat in addition to the relatively intact, endangered woodlandcommunity there is a spectrum of woodland-grassland blends also ofconservation value. The Strategy includes actions to identify importantareas and proposes means to protect them and to identify areassuitable for regeneration and restoration to reconnect the mosaic. It willprovide a guide to land use planning and environmental managementin the ACT with respect to the remaining lowland woodlands.
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYAcknowledgementsThe Strategy was prepared for the Conservator ofFlora and Fauna by the Wildlife Research andMonitoring Unit of Environment ACT. The teamcomprised: Mark Dunford (data management andmapping), Murray Evans, Marjo Rauhala, Sarah Sharpand David Shorthouse assisted by Peter Ormay,Nicola Webb and Lara Woollcombe.Additional field assistance was provided by contractstaff: Nina Bishop and Judith Harvey. Data entry wasassisted by Alita Oakley.Kevin Frawley prepared drafts of the report andmanaged its compilation.Progress in preparing the Strategy was reported to theACT Flora and Fauna Committee, and individualmembers provided expert comment and advice.Use of unpublished information from ecological studieson the Superb Parrot (Adrian Manning post-graduateresearch student, Australian National University) andfrom the bird database held by the CanberraOrnithologists Group, is gratefully acknowledged.Fiona Baker prepared the front cover illustration.Figure 2.2 was drawn by Pat Campbell.THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE CITED AS:ACT Government, 2004 Woodlands for Wildlife: ACTLowland Woodland Conservation Strategy. Action PlanNo. 27. (Environment ACT, Canberra).FURTHER INFORMATIONFurther information on this Action Plan or onthreatened species and ecological communities can beobtained from:Environment ACT(Wildlife Research and Monitoring)Phone:(02) 6207 2126Fax:(02) 6207 2122ii
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYContentsAcknowledgementsii1. Introduction11.1 A New Focus for Nature Conservation in the ACT11.2 Scope of the Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy11.3 Woodland Definition31.4 Role of the ACT Flora and Fauna Committee41.5 Relevant Legislation1.5.1 ACT Planning and Land Management51.5.2 Legislation Applying to the Conservation ofFlora and Fauna in the ACT and Region51.6 Consultation and Community Participation71.7 Implementation81.8 Bushfires of January 200391.9 Structure of the Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy92. The Lowland Grassy Woodland Mosaic112.1 Background112.1.1 Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands ofSouth-eastern Australia112.1.2 Temperate Woodland: ACT Regional Context122.2 Woodlands in the ACT Region132.2.1 Woodland Types in the ACT Region132.3 Changes to Woodland Since European Settlementand Ongoing Threats152.3.1 Changes to Woodland Since European Settlement152.3.2 Ongoing Threats to Woodland162.3.3 Changes to Lowland Woodland in theACT Region: pre-1750 to Present172.3.4 Changes to Lowland Woodland in theACT: pre-1750 to present182.4 Classifying the Remaining Lowland Woodland202.4.1 A Typology of Woodland Landscapes202.5 Description of the Categories of Lowland Woodlandin the ACT212.5.1 Unmodified Lowland Woodland(pre-1750 Composition and Structure)212.5.2 Partially Modified Lowland Woodland212.5.3 Moderately Modified Lowland Woodland222.5.4 Moderately Modified Lowland Woodland—Secondary Grassland242.5.5 Substantially Modified Lowland Woodland242.5.6 Severely Modified Lowland Woodland— Paddock Trees243. Lowland Woodland Flora273.1 Introduction273.2 Lowland Woodland Flora of the ACT Region27iii
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYContents3.3 Surveys in Lowland Woodland in the ACT3.4 Threatened Lowland Woodland Communitiesand Plant Species in the ACT293.4.1 Conservation Goal293.4.2 Tablelands and Slopes Yellow Box–Red Gum GrassyWoodland Endangered Ecological Community293.4.3 Threatened Plant Species in ACT Lowland Woodland313.4.4 Tarengo Leek Orchid (Prasophyllum petilum)313.4.5 Small Purple Pea (Swainsona recta)323.5 Conservation of Other Uncommon PlantSpecies/Communities in the ACT333.5.1 Austral Toadflax (Thesium australe)333.5.2 Hoary Sunray (Leucochrysum albicans var. tricolour)343.5.3 Lowland Snow Gum Woodland343.5.4 Eucalypt Outliers353.5.5 Other Uncommon Species354. Lowland Woodland Fauna374.1 Introduction374.2 Fauna as Part of the Woodland Ecosystem374.3 Threats to Fauna384.3.1 Continued Removal and Fragmentation of Habitat384.3.2 Degradation of Existing Habitat394.3.3 Predators, Human Impacts404.4 Woodland Fauna of the ACT Region404.4.1 Woodland Fauna Information404.4.2 Birds414.4.3 Mammals414.4.4 Reptiles424.4.5 Amphibians424.4.6 Invertebrates424.4.7 Threatened, Declining and Uncommon Species434.5 Conservation of Lowland Woodland Fauna in the ACT434.6 Conservation of Threatened and DecliningWoodland Species in the ACT454.6.1 Contribution of ACT Woodlands to Conservationof Threatened, Declining and UncommonSpecies in the Region454.6.2 Ecological Requirements and Threats454.6.3 Hooded Robin (Melanodryas cucullata)494.6.4 Brown Treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus)504.6.5 White-winged Triller (Lalage sueurii)504.6.6 Varied Sitella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera)504.6.7 Painted Honeyeater (Grantiella picta)514.6.8 Regent Honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia)514.6.9 Superb Parrot (Polytelis swainsonii)524.6.10 Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor)524.7 Conservation Actionsiv2853
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYContents5. Woodland Complexes: Planning andManagement for Conservation555.1 Principles Underlying Conservation Planning forLowland Woodland555.2 Identifying Areas of Highest Conservation Significance565.3 ACT Lowland Woodland Complexes585.4 Gunghalin Woodland Complex595.4.1 North Gungahlin Unit605.4.2 Gooroo–Mulligans Flat Unit605.4.3 Central Gungahlin Unit615.5 Majura–Kowen Complex625.5.1 Mt Ainslie–Mt Majura Unit635.5.2 East Majura Valley Unit645.5.3 Kowen Unit645.6 Callum Brae–Jerrabomberra Valley Complex655.6.1 Red Hill Unit665.6.2 Mugga Lane West Unit665.6.3 Mugga Lane East Unit675.6.4 Wanniassa Hills Unit675.6.5 Farrer Ridge Unit685.7 Tuggeranong–Naas Complex685.7.1 Tidbinbilla–Booroomba Unit695.7.2 Rob Roy Range Unit705.7.3 Naas Unit715.8 North Murrumbidgee–Lower Molonglo Complex725.8.1 Bulgar Creek Unit725.8.2 Uriarra Unit735.8.3 Belconnen Unit745.9 Woodland Management for Conservation745.9.1 Conservation Management of LowlandWoodlands in the ACT745.9.2 Best Practice Management and Adaptive Management755.9.3 Rehabilitation, Regeneration and Restorationof Grassy Woodlands765.9.4 The Use of Fire in Managing Lowland Woodland785.9.5 Stock Grazing as a Management Tool785.9.6 Maintaining Integrity and Links between Remnants:Connectivity and Buffers795.9.7 Monitoring5.9.8 Land Management Agreements805.9.9 Conservation Management Networks815.9.10 Voluntary Agreements825.9.11 Education and Communication82v
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYContents6. The Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy836.1 Introduction836.2 Vision, Goals, Objectives and Actions for theLowland Woodland Conservation Strategy846.3 Policy Guidelines for Woodland Conservation in the ACT936.3.1 A Comprehensive, Adequate andRepresentative Reserve System936.3.2 Other Policy Guidelines for WoodlandConservation in the ACT936.3.3 The ACT Contribution to the Establishment of aComprehensive, Adequate and RepresentativeReserve System for Lowland Woodland Conservation946.3.4 Maintaining and Enhancing Habitat Connectivity966.4 The State of Protection of Yellow Box–Red Gum GrassyWoodland and Other Lowland Woodlands in the ACT966.4.1 Recent Actions to Improve Conservation ofLowland Woodland in the ACT6.5 Measuring ACT Performance as Part of a Comprehensive,Adequate and Representative Reserve System forYellow Box–Red Gum Grassy Woodland and OtherLowland Woodland Types6.5.1 Priority Tasks to Improve Conservation ofLowland Woodland in the ACT99100100LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1The Place of the Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategyin Land Use Planning and Land Management in the ACT8Figure 2.1Estimated Pre-European Distribution of TemperateWoodland Dominated by Yellow Box, Blakely’s RedGum and White Box in Southeastern Australia(from AUSLIG 1990). Map from Landsberg 200012Figure 2.2Landscape Distribution of Ecological Communities14Figure 2.3Distribution of Lowland Woodland in the ACTinserted after page 25Figure 2.4Schematic Diagram: Categories of ACT LowlandWoodland and Typical Landscape Location23Figure 4.1Regional Records of Threatened Bird Species46Figure 4.2Records of Threatened Bird Species in the ACT48Figure 5.1(a) Gungahlin Complexinserted after page 82(b) Gungahlin Landuseinserted after page 82(a) Majura–Kowen Complexinserted after page 82(b) Majura–Kowen Landuseinserted after page 82(a) Callum Brae–JerrabomberraValley Complexinserted after page 82(b) Callum Brae–JerrabomberraValley Landuseinserted after page 82(a) Tuggeranong–Naas Complexinserted after page 82(b) Tuggeranong–Naas Landuseinserted after page 82Figure 5.2Figure 5.3Figure 5.4vi
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGYFigure 5.5Figure 6.1(a) North Murrumbidgee–LowerMolonglo Complexinserted after page 82(b) North Murrumbidgee–LowerMolonglo Landuseinserted after page 82Future Actions to Improve Conservationof Lowland Woodlandsinserted after page 101LIST OF TABLESTable 1.1Table 2.1Ecological Community/Species Included in thisLowland Woodland Conservation Strategy andExisting Action Plans2ACT Woodlands: Inclusion in Lowland WoodlandConservation Strategy13Estimated Features of the pre-1750 LowlandBox–Gum Woodland19ACT Lowland Woodland: Habitat States andWoodland Categories22Species Typical of Different Levels of Disturbancein Lowland Woodland30Conservation Status Nationally of ACT ThreatenedLowland Woodland Plant Species31Woodland Species in the ACT Regiona that are Listedas Threatened in the ACT, NSW or Other Jurisdictions44Potential Threats to Woodland Birds and TheirApplication to ACT Declared Threatened Species49Table 5.1ACT Lowland Woodland Complexes, Units and Areas58Table 6.1Vision, Goals, Objectives, Actions andPerformance Criteria for the ACT LowlandWoodland Conservation Strategy84Table 2.2Table 2.3Table 3.1Table 3.2Table 4.1Table 4.2Table 6.2Analysis of Elements for a CAR System ofProtected Woodlands for the ACTinserted after page 95Table 6.3Summary of Lowland Woodland Data Showing AreasRemaining Under Various Categories of Land Use97APPENDICESAppendix 1Appendix 2Threatened Woodland Plant Species in the ACT(listed under the Nature Conservation Act 1980 (ACT))103Threatened Bird Species in the ACT(listed under the Nature Conservation Act 1980 (ACT))107REFERENCES121GLOSSARY130vii
ACT LOWLAND WOODLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGY iii Contents Acknowledgements ii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 A New Focus for Nature Conservation in the ACT 1 1.2 Scope of the Lowland Woodland Conservation Strategy 1 1.3 Woodland Definition 3 1.4 Role of the
Eastern Woodland Indians. Their food, shelter, clothing, weapons and tools came from the forest. The Iroquois, Mound Builders, Algonquian and Shawnee are a few Woodland tribes. Woodland Tribes - Shelter Woodland tribes lived in wigwams and longhouses. Wigwams are round, wooden-framed structures, covered in bark. Only one familylived in a wigwam .
Australia are bounded on the west by semi-arid shrub woodlands and mallee, and on the east and south by . adjacent to the woodland prior to European settlement. Shrubs and sub-shrubs may also be present and form a . n Woodland included i
Lowland rice is mostly grown in zone I while in zone II both lowland and upland rice are cultivated. Rice is sparingly grown in zone III. The headquarters of the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) is located in Lavun Local Government Area of Niger State. From its inception in 1954 to date the rice programme in NCRI in collaboration
Outdoor Ethics & Conservation Roundtable March 9, 2022 The Distinguished Conservation Service Award, and Council Conservation Committees. DCSA and Conservation Committees 2 March 9, 2022 . (7:00pm Central) Safety moment -Campout planning BSA Conservation Video Council Conservation Committee Toolbox Distinguished Conservation .
Lowland Dry Forest (semi-deciduous forest) 9. Lowland Semi-desert and Desert areas These vegetation types were regrouped for the purpose of this strategy paper into 5 major forest resources. According to the Ethiopian Forestry Action Program (EFAP, 1994), the following broad categories of the country's forest resources were identified: .
their Woodland Creation Plan. Using information contained within the GeoPDF map, the scheme rules and following a site survey, the planner will need to annotate the GeoPDF and complete the Glastir Woodland Creation plan, using the following guidance. All sections must be completed to support the capital works that are in the Woodland Creation Plan
One of the finest examples of the FH Ash–ivy woodland type in Ireland, Charleville, Co. Offaly. Scenario 3: Brown earths / Oak-Ash-Hazel Woodland Most appropriate Major Native Woodland Type: FH Ash–ivy. Predominant trees & shrubs: Ash, hazel, pedunculate oak, downy birch, elm, r
Paper-and-Pencil Assessments INCLUDING Reading Comprehension Items English/Language Arts (ELA) Directions for Administering the Part 1 ELA Paper Practice Test- Section 1 . If the Mathematics practice test was previously administered, make sure you redistribute the practice test books to the correct students according to their names on the front covers. The passage and questions in this section .
