TOHONO 'O'ODHAM-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

1TOHONO 'O'ODHAM-ENGLISHDICTIONARY

2Jose Pancho

3ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe data collection work for the dictionary was sponsored by the Franciscan Province ofSt Barbara. During the two years I spent at the Covered Wells Mission in Arizona (from1958 to 1960) my principal respondent was Jose Pancho from Santa Rosa.During the next few years I went over the data with the help of Lena Antone fromCovered Wells, who was staying with me in Los Angeles.The entries for the dictionary were typed up by Kenneth Hill, then a student at UCLA.In the early 70'ies the dictionary was published in two volumes by Indiana UniversityPress, under the title of A Dictionary of Papago Usage.The project of putting the dictionary on the internet was initiated in the early 2000 by DrsMichael T Hammond and Ofelia Zepeda, at the University of Arizona.Two students, Mizuki Miyashita and Laura Moll did the scanning of volume I and a partof volume II. Dr Terrence Langendoen let them use his lab to do the work.The project was abandonned for a while and started anew by Dr Colleen M Fitzgeraldand her students, first at Texas Tech University, in Lubbock, TX, then, at the Universityof Texas at Arlington.The students who worked on scanning the pages of the dictionary include:Katelyn Anderson, Jared Hoover, Nathan Jahnke, Kristen Jones and principallyDr Pat Perez.I corrected the scanned text under the generous auspices of the Department ofLinguistics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York.Madeleine MathiotProfessor emerita

4ABBREVIATIONS(For the grammatical significance of the abbrevitions used here, see the GrammaticalOutline in Volume I of A Dictionary of Papago Usage, pp.29-134)AdjAdvaggregalienanimassim of*CompCompl:concursConjcontr of*Correl:defdial:dissim of *disson of *Distr, distrdtrDur:elis of *Engl:ex:Excl, efindivinstr:AdjectiveAdverbaggregate statusalienable statusanimate statusassimilated form ed form of *Correlativedefinitedialectal variantdissimilated form of*dissonant form of *distributivedouble transitiveDurativeelided form of mediativeimperativeimpersonalinalienable statusinanimate statusincluded inindefiniteindividual statusinstrumental

5Interr:intrlocmassmass omet of Prpron:Quantredupl of *-reflexRepet:ssemi ntransitivelocativemass statusobject with mass statusmetathesized form of ersonpluralplural/distributiveplural objectplural antifierreduplicated form of *-reflexiveRepetitivesubjectsemi stativesingularsingular objectsingular subjectsingleSpanishStative verbsubstitutetransitiveunitiveverb

6SPELLING SYMBOLSConsonants:p as in pilkañ wheatb as in ban cayotet as in taş sund as in da:k noseḑ as in taḑai road runnerc as in cucul chickenj as in jisk auntk as in kakaicu quailg as in gogs dog' as in ce'ul willow treev as in vopo downs as in si:s older sisterş as in şu:şk shoesh as in kahio legm as in makai medicine mann as in na:k earñ as in ñuvï owlƞ as in ca:ƞ go monkeyl as in lo:ba materialy as in ya:vï key

7Vowels:ShortLonga as in 'a'al childrena: as in ha:l squashe as in 'eḑa insidee: as in je:ñ to smokei as in ciñ mouthi: as in vi:b milkï as in bavï beanso as in 'on salto: as in vo:g roadu as in 'uvï young femaleu: as in 'u:s stick, poleA NOTE ABOUT COMPOUNDSIt is important to know whether a multi-stem nominal lex ical unit is acompund or an expression, for two reasons:(1) placement of the person markers.Thusñ-ha'icu-'a:ga my storyha'icu-'a:ga-j his/her storybutñ-'u:ḑvis ga navait my wine'u:ḑvis ga-j navait his/her wineorgogs ñ-şoiga my pet doggogs şoiga-j his/her pet dog(2) presence versus absence of link before locatives.ThusJu:kam-Jevuḑ-c-'eḑ in Mexico, 'u:s-şonjun-t-'ab on/against the stakebutkokdam haki: 'ab at the hospital

8A note about the spelling

9VOLUME I

10babad/ babgacudba-babad N aggreg [distr: babbad]: frogbabadag s-Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-babbadag): to be full of frogs in onelocationex: Sbabadag ha'icu mhiosigga 'eḑa. There are lots of frogs in your flowers.babaicu see Postp ba'icu on the throatbabaicud Vdtr Repet (for Unit see ba'icud): to make somebody swallow somethingrepeatedlyex: Cum hekid ha'icu ñbabaicud. He always makes me swallow something (a pill).babbad see N babad frogbabbadag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-babadag): to be full of frogs in severallocationsbabbas see N ba:bas potatoesbabbhe Vintr Repet (for Unit see baha) [Neutr: indef babbhe. Dur: babbhe-d. lnterr:babbe-him]: to ripen repeatedlyex: Cum hekid babbhe. They ripen repeatedly (every year). — Vo babbhed g ñbahidag.My fruits will be ripening repeatedly (year after year). — Babbehim 'o. It has beenripening repeatedly (year after year).babe/baba Vtr Repet (for Unit see ba'a) [Neutr: indef babe/baba. Dur: babe-d/baba-d.Interr: babe-him]: to swallow obj repeatedlyex: Pt o hema babed ves 'o:la 'eḑ. You will swallow one (pill) every hour.babe Vreflex: to swallow one's saliva repeatedly (as when one is hungry)ex: 'I 'i( 'e)babe. He keeps swallowing his saliva.babga see Stat s-baga to be angrybabgacud Vtr plo (for sgo see bagacud) [Neutr: def babgac; hort and indefbabgacud]: to make obj angryex: Pt o ho( ha)babgac. You will make them angry.

11babgacud/ bagacudbabgacud Vtr Repet (for Unit see bagacud) sgs: to make somebody angry repeatedlyex: Cum hekid ñbabgacud. He makes me angry all the time.babgam see Adv s-bagam angrilybabgat Vintr pls (for sgs see bagat) [Neutr: def, hort and indef babgat. Interr: babgatahim]: to get angryex: 'Idam 'at babgat. They are (got) angry.-- Tp 'oia ghekaj 'am 'i babgat g hemajkam.But, possibly, because of that, the people got angry. — Hegam 'o pi hekid babgat. Theynever get angry. — Babgatahim 'o. They are getting angry.babgat Vintr Repet (for Unit see bagat) sgs [Neutr: indef babgat. Dur: babgata-d.Interr: babgata-him]: to get angry repeatedlyex: Pi 'iñ( 'añ) hekid babgat. I never get angry.babko'ola see N bako'ola pascola dancerbabmud Vtr Repet (for Unit see ba:mud) (Neutr: indef babmud]: to ask objrepeatedly to give a handex: Heg 'o cum hekid 'i a 'i ñbabmud. He repeatedly asks me to give a hand here.babmust see Stat s-bamustk to be even-temperedbabmustkam see N subst s-bamustkam even-tempered onebabşo see N ba:şo chestbabşo see Postp ba:şo in front of, againstbabşoḑag see N ba:şoḑag apronbabyoka see N bayoka necklacebabyoka see Stat bayoka to have a necklacebaga s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-baga; def s-baga k. Dur: s-baga ka-d. Interr: sbaga ka-him); pls: s-babga]: to be angryex: Heg 'o sbaga. He is angry. — Hegam 'o sbabga. They are angry. — Pi g 'am sbagak'ab ñvui! Don't be sore at me! — Ñ( 'añ) abş si sbaga. I am just real angry. —Pi 'iñ( 'añ)baga. I am not angry. -- T o sbagakad 'ab ñvui. He will be sore at me.bagacud Vtr Unit (for Repet see babgacud) sgo (for plo see babgacud) [Neutr: defbagac; hort and indef bagacud. Interr: bagacuda-him]: to make somebody angryex: Pt o ñbagac. You're going to make me angry. — Pi g 'am ñbagacud! Don't make meangry — Cum hekid ñbagacud. He makes me angry all the time. — Ñbagacudahim 'ap.You are making me angry. — Bş( vabş) 'i ñbagacudahi. It started making me angry.

12bagam/ ba[h]ibagam s- Adv sg [pl: sbabgam]: angrilyex: Sbagam ñiok. He is talking angrily. — Sbabgam ñeñiok. They are talking angrily.bagas s- N subst sg: ill tempered, irascible one (same as bagvul)bagat Vintr Unit (for Repet see babgat) sgs (for pls see babgat) [Neutr: def and hortbagat. Correl: bagat-k; immed: bagat-ka-'i. Interr: bagata-him]: to become angryex: Si 'int( 'ant) bagat. I am real angry. — Napt bagat? Are you angry? — Pi 'int( 'ant) obagat. I won't get angry. — Pi g 'am bagat 'ab ñvui! Don't get angry at me! — Napbagatahim? Are you getting angry? — Hekid o şa bagatka'ik abş 'am o a( va) 'i hugka g'ali. As soon as she gets angry, she just scratches a child.bagatam N subst sg: one who gets angry easilybagatam vuḑ Stat Expr sgs: to be one who gets angry easilyex: Naumk uḑ bagatam. When he is drunk (having gotten drunk) he is easily angered.bagvul N sg: ill tempered, irascible one (same as s-bagas)baha (assim of *bahe) Vintr Unit (for Repet and Distr see babbhe) [Neutr: def bai;indef baha; hort ba:-'i. Correl: ba:-k; immed: ba:-ka-'i. Compl: bahi-ok; immed: bahi-oka'i. Interr: bai-him. Dur: baha-d]: to ripen, to get cooked, bakedex: Nnalaşga 'at o bai hemu. My oranges will ripen soon. -- Bai 'at g ñ'e'es. My crop isripe.-- Pi 'it( 'at) koi bai. It is not ripe yet. -- Nat bai g mu:ñ-hidoḑ? Is the bean stewdone? Bai 'at. It is done. — Skeg bai hega'i ha'a. That pot is well baked. — Mu:ñ-hidoḑskeg bai. The bean stew is well cooked. — B( hab) 'añ 'elid mat hemho a( va) skeg obai. I think that for sure it will bake well (the pot). —Skeg g ba:'i! Cook/ ripen well! —.c 'ab 'i ba:ka'ik ha'i 'i 'i( 'e)ta:tş. .and immediately after they had ripened, some splitthemselves open. — Nnalaşga 'o baihim. My oranges are getting ripe. — Baihim 'o kcvepegihim g mansa:na. The apples are ripening and reddening. Ves sisialmad 'o 'ob( 'ab)baha g nalaş. Every day there is a batch of ripe oranges (the oranges ripen). — T o bahadhemu. They will soon ripen continually without interruption.bahi N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg bahi-j); pl: ba:bhai (met of *ba:bahi)]: tailba[h]i Stat [sing (Neutr: indef bahi; def bai k. Dur: bai ka-d. Interr: bai ka-him);mult: ba:bhai]: to have a tailex: 'I:da'a mi:tol pi ha bahi. This cat does not have a tail.ba[h]i s- Adj: ripeex: Ha'i 'añ tacu g sbahi nalaş. I want some ripe oranges.

13ba[h]i/ bahiḑpi'okba[h]i s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-ba[h]i; def s-bai k. Dur: s-bai ka-d. Interr: s-bai ka-him]:to be ripeex: 'Id 'o sbai. It is ripe. — Sbahi 'o. It is ripe. — Hemu 'ut( 'at) o sbaikad. Soon it/theywill be ripe.bahidag in ha'icu bahidag N Expr alien aggreg [1st pers ha'icu ñ-bahidag ga]:fruits, crop, produceciolim-bahidag NComp alien aggreg: cholla fruit (also called simply ciolim)ha:şañ-bahidag NComp alien aggreg: saguaro fruit (also called bahidaj)nalaş-bahidag N Comp alien aggreg: orange (also called simply nalaş)bahidag Stat [Neutr: indef bahidag; def bahidag k. Dur: bahidag ka-d. Interr:bahidag ka-him]: to have, bear, fruitsex: Tkï o skeg bahidagk. It looks like it will have beautiful fruits. — Cum 'o skegbahidagkahim. It used to have beautiful fruits.bahidagga vuḑ Stat Expr: to be somebody's fruits, cropex: D( vuḑ) 'o ñbahidagga. It is my crop (they are my fruits).bahidagga in ha'icu s-bahidagga Stat Expr: to have lots of fruits (or vegetables)ex: Nap ha'icu sbahidagga? Do you (sg) have lots of fruit (or vegetables)?ha:şañ-bahidagga s- Stat Comp: to have lots of saguaro fruits (same as sbahidajga)ex: Nap sha:şañ-bahidagga? Do you(sg) have lots of saguaro fruits?bahidaj N alien aggreg [3rd pers sg bahidaj ga-j]: saguaro fruit, cropex: No mu'ij g bahidaj 'id 'ahid 'ab? Is the saguaro crop abundant this year? — Gakshim 'og bahidaj. The saguaro fruits are getting dry.bahidaj vuḑ Stat Expr: to be (a) saguaro fruit(s)ex: 'Id 'o ḑ( vuḑ) bahidaj. This is a saguaro fruit.bahidajga s- Stat: to have a lot of saguaro fruitsex: Nap sbahidajga? Do you(sg) have a lot of saguaro fruits?bahidaj-ko'io VComp pls: to camp out in order to harvest saguaro fruit (to go andeat saguaro fruit)bahiḑ[a]d Vtr sing [Neutr: def and hort bahiḑad]: to put a tail on objbahiḑpi'ok Vtr sing [Neutr: def bahiḑpi'o; hort bahiḑpi'ok]: to remove the tail of obj