Long Term SaiL Or DeveLopmenT - Sail Canada
Long Term SailorDevelopment
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Long term sailor development expert groupsLTSD Working GroupIstvan Balyi (LTAD)Ken Dool (CYA)Tine Moberg-Parker (BC)Brian Todd (NS/CYA)Marie Gendron (QC)Peter MacDougall (AB)Rob Fox (ON)Eric Cartilidge (Ontario Sailing)Sarah Case-Moscrop (CYA)Andrew Moss (Moss Melien)Competition Review Working GroupTyler Bjorn (QC)Tommy Wharton (ON/CYA)Dr. Teddi Orenstein Lyall (Cdn. Opti Dinghy Class Assoc., BC rep)Steve McBride (BC)Quentin Pollock (BC)Paul Ulibarri (BC)Canadian Yachting AssociationTracy Terry (BC)Association canadienne de yachtingDave Thomas (BC)Brigitte Smutny (MB)Portsmouth Olympic HarbourLisa Ross (NS)53 Yonge StreetKevin Black (BC)Kingston, OntarioZac Plavsic (BC)CanadaK7M 6G4Tel/Tél.(613) 545-3044Fax/Téléc.(613) 545-3045Email/Courrielsailcanada@sailing.caWeb : www.sailing.ca3
“Growing up near the water in BritishColumbia, I started sailing in sailingsummer camp when I was 9 years old.I really enjoyed being outside, on thewater, playing around on boats andbeing with my friends. I played many othersports all throughout growing up but in thesummers I concentrated on achieving all thelevels of sailing. It wasn’t until I was about 15that I narrowed my focus in on sailing andracing.When fun was met by challenges, goalswere formed which hurdled me down apath of success, ultimately competing intwo consecutive Olympic Games. What’sreally great about sailing is that it’s alifelong sport.”Nikola GirkeINTRODUCTION2-time Olympian4“As a youth, sailing around Nova Scotia was one of themany ways to get out and enjoy all of our lakes andocean. Later in life, when I began sailing competitively,the local support from the sailing community - alongwith great coaches and mentors - helped me realizemy dream of achieving excellence.”Paul TingleyGold Medallist2008 Paralympic Games
forewordThe release of the Canadian Yachting Association’s Long Term Sailor Development Modelrepresents a significant step towards our vision: Sailing to Win – Sailing for Life. This initiativeestablishes our commitment to aligning our systems and programs with Sport Canada’sLong Term Athlete Development Resource Paper.In recognition of the current reality where substantial numbers of sailors are abandoningour sport at a young age, this document provides a framework for the optimal developmentof athletes towards the stages of Winning for a Living, and ultimately Sailing for Life. Thisis the result of a collaboration of experts from across the country, all of which have beenrecognized in the acknowledgements section in the inside cover.The Canadian Yachting Association’s motivation behind compiling this document is notonly to advance our sport, but also to ensure that all participants develop into healthy andactive individuals. The principles of LTSD expand beyond the sport into a general model forphysical, cognitive and emotional developmentThe implementation of this model in conjunction with the Canadian Yachting Assocation’sstrategic plan will ideally result in unprecedented Canadian success on the internationalracing stage, as well as increased numbers of long-term participants of all ages, abilitiesand motivations for sailing.“Sailing to Win – Sailing for Life embraces the longterm sailor development (LTSD) philosophy, focusingon the individual’s development within sailing. LTSDis a framework for developing the participant’s firstinvolvement into a lifelong love affair with sailing, withevery stage appropriate to the physical and intellectualneeds of the sailor.”Paddy BoydExecutive DirectorCanadian Yachting Association5
tableof contentstableof contentsLTSD Expert Groups.3Introduction.4Table of Contents.6LTSD Overview.7Challenges and Opportunities.8Factors Influencing LTSD.10LTSD Model .12Training/Competition Overview.14LTSD Stage Descriptions.16Optimal Windows of Trainability.60Information for Parents.61Glossary of Terms.62LTSD is a sailing-specific adaptation of two importantresources developed by Sport Canada: “Canadian Sport forLife” and “No Accidental Champions”.These documents provide generic foundation informationon long term athlete development for both able bodiedand disabled athletes.Please visit http://canadiansportforlife.ca to access thesedocuments and other resources related to long termathlete development.6
The LTSD framework provides:LONG TERM SAILOR DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW Sailing specific adherence to the Long Term Athlete Development principles asset forth by Canadian Sport for Life.Developmentally appropriate programming for sailing from sport entry throughlearning and training.Coaching expertise at all stages of development.A competitions structure appropriate to the development stage of the sailor.An officials development framework.And a strong and effective yachting and sailing club network. We will evaluate our success using thefollowing indicators:Long Term Sailing Development The LTSD framework being implemented across Canada.Sailing To Win Winning performances at Olympic and Paralympic, world and majorevents (Podium, top 6 – top 10 performances).High performance system operational, aligned with LTSD framework.Investment in areas which optimize performance.By 2020, a 30% increase in the number of top 10 world rankings.Sailing For Life By 2020, a 20% increase in the number of Canadians participating insailing.Increases in the number and quality of coaches, instructors and officials.Increases in the number and quality of CYA programs being delivered inclubs and by stakeholders.Increases in the participation levels in sailing in Canada (retention recruitment – growth –activity).Leadership Our effectiveness as the National Sport Organization for sailing in Canada.The level, engagement with and satisfaction of our membership.The effectiveness and quality of partnerships with key stakeholders.The revenue we generate to invest in our sport – from all sources.7
A Time of OpportunityThe Canadian sport system is full of examples where the “way we dothings” has been developed over the years based on a piecing together oftradition, historical perspectives passed along to others, political precedence,and if we look at coaching as an example, “coaching the way we werecoached”.challenges and opportunitiesTo those entering the sport, these operating methods are often assumed,based on the assurances of those who have been aroundlongest, to be the best way.8Sports who step back and look at their own systemsfrom the perspective of the long term development ofthe participants, will find many opportunities for systemenhancements -- enhancements based on the science ofbiological and psychological development.Some examples of shortcomings seen in theCanadian sport system: Developmental athletes over-compete and under-train. Adult training and competition programs are imposedon developing athletes. Training methods and competition programs designed for male athletesare imposed on female athletes. Preparation is geared to the short-term outcome — winning — and not tothe process. Chronological rather than developmental age is used in training andcompetition planning. Coaches largely neglect the critical periods of accelerated adaptation totraining. Fundamental movement skills and sport skills are not taught properly. The most knowledgeable coaches work at the elite level while less skilledcoaches work at the developmental level. Parents are not educated about long term athlete development. Developmental training needs of athletes with a disability are not wellunderstood. Competition systems interfere with optimal athlete skill development. Sports specialize too early in an attempt to attract and retain participants.
“inaction is not an option”We must take this opportunity to deal withsignificant issues facing our sport. Athletes failing to reach their genetic potential and optimal performance level. Failure to reach optimal performance levels in international competitions. Lost membership in the sport - participants will find a sport where their talents canbe developed - or they will leave sport all together. Sailors lacking basic coordination and movement skills. Lack of overall athletics fitness - an important factor for recovery, learning new skillsand life after sport. Compromised skill development - sailors lacking the mastery formed throughrepetition in training. Bad habits developed from over-competition focused on winning. Female athlete potential not reached due to inappropriate programs. Children not having fun as they are put through adult-based programs. No systematic development of the next generation of successful participants sailors, coaches, officials, managers, administrators. Sailors pulled in different directions by school, club, and provincial teams because ofthe lack of alignment of programs. Costly requirement to implement remedial programs, implemented by provincialand national team coaches, to counteract the shortcomings of sailor preparation atearlier stages. Fluctuating national and international performances with potential talent lost fromthe sport, or under-developed through traditional pathways.9
factors influencing sailor developmentThe Ten Year RuleSport scientists have determined that it takes approximately 10 years and10,000 hours of applied training for a talented athlete to attain elite status.The FundamentalsThe FUNdamentals are the basic sport skills necessary become an athletein any sport. The FUNdamental movement and sports skills are referred toas physical literacy. Individuals who do not develop physical literacy (whichconsists of agility, balance, coordination, speed, jumping, etc) before theonset of the adolescent growth spurt are unlikely to achieve success in sport,including sailing.factors influencing LTSDSpecialization10Sailing is referred to as a late-specialization sport, which means that therequired skills are mastered following maturation and a sailor’s prime isreached in one’s early thirties. Young sailors should participate in a variety ofsports in order to develop physical literacy, which will ultimately help themmaximize their sailing potential.Developmental AgeThe LTSD model is based upon developmental age, rather than chronologicalage. Sailing coaches and instructors must be aware of the varying levels ofphysical maturity among their athletes. Each athlete’s level of maturity mustbe identified as early, average or late in order to provide appropriate trainingand competition programs. *Note that each stage identifies an age rangethese are simply a guideline for children entering the sport. Not all peopleneed enter sailing as a child. The sailing skill development progressionthrough the stages appears to anyone’s development as a sailor.TrainabilityWhile the human body remains ‘trainable’ throughout one’s lifetime, thereare particular stages in development when the body is the most receptiveto particular forms of training. The critical stages of development identifywindows of opportunity during which young sailors should focus onparticular skills. The five skills identified by LTSD are: Stamina, Strength,Speed, Skill and Flexibility. Adhering to the LTSD model will ensure theoptimal development of these skills in sailors.
Physical, mental, cognitiveand emotional developmentTaking into consideration all aspectsof how the human body develops isan integral part of the LTSD model.Each athlete’s physical, mental, cognitive and emotional development needs are tobe considered when developing training and competitive programs. Particularlyrelevant in sailing are the mental and cognitive characteristics, which should be aprimary focus of development for any coach or athlete.PeriodizationPeriodization is, in essence, time management. It is the process of analyzing andarranging the complex assortment of training processes into a methodical, realisticand scientific program that will optimize progression in performance. The benefit ofperiodization is that it is a situation-specific activity that takes into account prioritiesand availability. This methodology can be long-term (multi-year) or short-term (annual,monthly, weekly). The most important thing to remember is to create a timeline thatis realistic and in alignment with the stages outlined in the LTSD model.Calendar planning for competitionAs sailing is a seasonal sport, calendar planning is crucial. In the early stages of LTSD,physical and cognitive capabilities take precedence over competition. As the stagesprogress, competing becomes more important. With this in mind it is important tosync your schedule with the dates of races and high level regattas that you planon competing in. By establishing your schedule to fit those requirements, you giveyourself the optimal chance of succeeding.System alignment and integrationThe long term athlete development model acknowledges that physical education,school sport, recreational activities, and competitive sports are mutually dependent.Sailing is a late specialization sport, and as such relies on schools, clubs and othersports to develop physical literacy and an early level of fitness. Each of these separateentities must support one another, with clearly stated roles in the developmentalprocess.11
Sailing to WinSailing for LifeLong Term Sailor Development Model12
Active Start and AwarenessChildren have FUN playing SAFELY on and in the water as part ofdaily physical activity.Fundamentals & Point of First ContactSailing for LifeSailing activities teach boat propulsion and steering, water safetyand seamanship, athletic abilities and FUN!Enjoying a lifetime ofsailing activities.Learn to Sail Fast!Participating in cluband class racing atall levels.Learn boat handling and propulsion skills in all types of windconditions. Introduction to rules and fundamental racing skills.Learn to TrainAs the sailor grows, refine established sailing and racing skills inlarger single handed boat, double handed boat and board.Learn to CompeteSailors pursuing a performance pathway transition to Olympicand Paralympic classes. Refinement of all advanced skills.Train to CompeteSailors develop annual and multi-year campaigns with trainingfocused on best ever performances at major events.Train to WinMulti-year campaigns with training and racing focused on topranked performances at major events.Enjoying cruisingand day sailing.Learning to sail asan adult.Coaching othersto sail.Get involved in theadministration of thesport of sailing atany level.Becoming a sailingrace official.Helping out with thehosting of events.Winning for a LivingFull time racing campaign with consistent medal performance atall major events.13
TRAINING AND PROGRAMS MODELWinning for aLivingTrain to WinTrain toCompeteRace and train to win!Transition into Olympic/ParalympicclassesIntroduction to program and gOptimize class-specific fitnessLearn toCompeteLearn to TrainLearn toSail Fast!FundamentalsFirst contactActive startAwareness14Refinement of racing skillsIntroduce double handed and board sailingRefinement of single handed boat handlingand technique for speedAdult learnto sailInstructingEnhance basic movement skills throughsailing and other complementary sportsIntroduction to sailingLearn to be comfortable and safearound boatsLearn correct fundamental movement skillsand build overall sport skillsSportAdministrationSailingforLife
COMPETITION MODELWorldsSailingforLifeClub andclass racingRaceOfficiatingCoachingWinning for aLivingOlympics/ParalympicsTrain to WinDomestic Olympic Class regattaOlympic and Paralympicdevelopment class eventsWarm weather training/competitioneventsNational Championships Youth eventsTrain toCompeteLearn toCompeteLearn to TrainRegional and Provincial eventsEvent hostingSailingforLifeMonthly training/racing clinics withcoachesSailing school fun introduction to raceskillsLearn toSail Fast!FundamentalsFirst contactSkill based programmingActive startAwareness15
ACTIVE START AND AWARENESSAge Range: 0-6 years (*see note on age on page 10)Key Objectives Learn to be comfortable and safe around boats.Learn and perform fundamental movements and link them together intoplay including in-water, on-water and off-water activities.Encourage participation in both organized physical activity, andunstructured but supervised play.Allow children to explore risk and limits in safe environments.General Characteristics 16Introduction to water activities.Develop physical literacy through basic movement skills such as running,jumping, twisting, wheeling, kicking, throwing and catching.Organized physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day for toddlers and 60minutes a day for preschoolers.Unstructured physical activity for at least 60 minutes a day, and up to severalhours per day for toddlers and preschoolers. Toddlers and preschoolers shouldnot be sedentary for more than 60 minutes at a time except while sleeping.Ensure that children acquire simple movement skills that build towards morecomplex movements. These skills help lay the foundation for lifelong physicalactivity.Design activities that help children to feel competent and comfortableparticipating in a variety of fun and challenging activities.Ensure that games for young children are cooperative and focus onparticipation.Activity design allows for success and challenge, developing self esteem andresiliency.Ensure that activities are gender-neutral and inclusive so that active livingis equally valued and promoted for all children, including those with adisability.Focus on social skills and personal interaction.Physical activity every day regardless of weather.Provide parents and care givers with age-appropriate information promotingdaily physical activity.
Considerations for Sailors with Disabilities National, Provincial and local sailing organizations implement awareness strategiesthat make their program offerings known to prospective sailors with a disability. Encourage parents to let children explore their physical abilities. Promote sailing as an activity for life. Sailing clubs and instructors must create an accessible and welcomingenvironment.Sailing skills Introduce balance in or on a boat through an organized mix of play and discovery,with limited formal instruction. Promote supervised unstructured play in and on the water.Specialized Equipment Properly fitted lifejacket or PFD.Recommended Programs Water and land based programs offered in the community. Introduction to boating and sailing programs for children and parents, as availableat yacht and sailing clubs.17
FUNDAMENTALS & FIRST CONTACTAge Range: Male 6-9 years, Female 6-8 years (*see note on age on page 10)Key objectives Learn correct fundamental movement skills and build overall sport skills. Introduction to sailing.General characteristics Encourage participation in a wide range of sports. Develop basic balance, propulsion and direction sailing skills. Consolidate swimming skills to be comfortable in and on the water. Emphasize the overall development of the sailor’s physical capacities,fundamental movement skills and ABC’s of athleticism – agility, balance,coordination and speed. Introduce children to the sim
“As a youth, sailing around nova Scotia was one of the many ways to get out and enjoy all of our lakes and ocean. Later in life, when i began sailing competitively, . a 30% increase in the number of top 10 world rankings. Sailing for Life By 2020, a 20% increase in the numbe
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sail to bring the leech to between 2"-8" / 50-205mm from the tip of the lower spreader and the sail should be between 3"-8" / 75-205mm outside the shroud base. The sail will be inside the upper spreader as shown in the photo at right. First Reef Mark: With the genoa furled to the first reefing mark and the mark facing aft, the
