COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Vocational Higher SecondaryEducation (VHSE)Second YearCOMPUTER SCIENCE &INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYReference BookGovernment of KeralaDepartment of EducationState Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT),KERALA2016

List of ContributorsParticipants1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.SHYJITH B. T.Vocational Teacher in CSITTKDM GVHSS Kadappakada, KollamSREERAJ P.Vocational Teacher in CSIT,V.V.H.S.S, Poredom, KollamASHA NAIR S.Vocational Teacher in CSITG.V.H.S.S, Mavelikkara, AlappuzhaSYAM D.Vocational Instructor in CSITK.P.S.P.M.V.H.S.S, East Kallada, Kollam.ExpertsDr. K SAnil KumarAssociate Professor &Head, Dept. of Computer Science,SreeAyyappa College, Eramallikkara, ChengannurShri. Neevan RAssistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science,College of Engineering, AttingalViji BalakrishnanAsst. Professor in Computer Science & Member,Board of Studies, PG Computer Science, University of Kerala,College of Applied Science (IHRD), MavelikkaraAnil KumarDraftman (Mechanical)Govt. Polytechnique, Ezukone, KollamAcademic Co-ordinatorDr.Gopalakrishnan NResearch Officer, SCERTPrepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, KeralaWebsite : www.scertkerala.gov.in e-mail : scertkerala@gmail.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869Typesetting and Layout : SCERT Department of Education, Government of Kerala

ForewordDear Learners,This book is intended to serve as a ready reference for learners ofvocational higher secondary schools. It offers suggested guidelinesfor the transaction of the concepts highlighted in the course content.It is expected that the learners achieve significant learning outcomesat the end of the course as envisaged in the curriculum if it is followedproperly.In the context of the Right- based approach, quality education has tobe ensured for all learners. The learner community of Vocational HigherSecondary Education in Kerala should be empowered by providingthem with the best education that strengthens their competences tobecome innovative entrepreneurs who contribute to the knowledgesociety. The change of course names, modular approach adopted forthe organisation of course content, work-based pedagogy and theoutcome focused assessment approach paved the way for achievingthe vision of Vocational Higher Secondary Education in Kerala. Therevised curriculum helps to equip the learners with multiple skillsmatching technological advancements and to produce skilledworkforce for meeting the demands of the emerging industries andservice sectors with national and global orientation. The revisedcurriculum attempts to enhance knowledge, skills and attitudes bygiving higher priority and space for the learners to make discussionsin small groups, and activities requiring hands-on experience.The SCERT appreciates the hard work and sincere co-operation ofthe contributors of this book that includes subject experts, industrialistsand the teachers of Vocational Higher Secondary Schools. Thedevelopment of this reference book has been a joint venture of theState Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) andthe Directorate of Vocational Higher Secondary Education.The SCERT welcomes constructive criticism and creative suggestionsfor the improvement of the book.With regards,Dr. P. A. FathimaDirectorSCERT, Kerala

CONTENTSABOUT THE COURSE . 5SYLLABUS . 6FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES . 10PROGRAMMING IN C . 17ARRAYS AND STRINGS . 27STRUCTURE . 31FUNCTIONS . 34OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING . 39POLYMORPHISM AND INHERITANCE . 48FILES IN C . 53DATABASE DESIGNING . 56SQL (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE) . 65ENGINEERING GRAPHICS . 77INTERNET AND CYBER SECURITY . 95WEB DESIGN USING HTML . 100ADVANCED HTML . 112CLIENT SIDE SCRIPTING . 125SEVER SIDE SCRIPTING . 140WEB HOSTING . 160TRENDS IN COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY . 165LIST OF REFERENCE . 176

ABOUT THE COURSEThe COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CSIT)aims to equip students the knowledge, skills and attitudes to become productiveemployees in the area of computer science and technology. In this course, studentswill gain a perspective to become a successful entrepreneur in Computer Science &Information technology and allied sector.Scope of the CourseThe Computer Science and Information Technology course also provide studentswith the foundation for higher studies. Computer science and Information technologyis one of the most significant growth catalysts for the Indian economy. Computerscience and Information technology not only influenced the employment prospectsof the people but also affected the social lives of the people through networking andsocial web sites. CSIT course certificate is approved for various posts notified byKerala Public Service Commission (KPSC).Course NatureThe main objective of Vocational Higher Secondary Education is to make a selfreliance society who are capable of being self employed, acquiring skills to get jobas well as to obtain higher studies. In tune with the modular approach, the CSITcourse consists of 4 modules. Two or more job roles are identified in each module.Upon the completion of each module, skill certificate is awarded to students.Main Focus Areas Hardware Installation and maintenance Laptop maintenance Network configuration CCTV configuration DTP with Malayalam Graphics design Computer Programming Database Designing Computing Techniques Cyber Ethics Web DevelopmentRelevance of the CourseMany job opportunities in CSIT are emerged across the world. Upon the completionof the course, students will acquire skill and competent to enter in the upcoming jobmarket. Much of the CSIT related activities are entered on service in IT Field,Banking, Tele communication, Networking, Programming; Web designing, etc.

Reference BookSYLLABUSModule 3: Object Oriented Programming and DatabasesUnit No 3.1- Fundamentals of Computer Languages3.1.13.1.23.1.33.1.43.1.5Types of computer languagesLanguage translatorsApproaches in problem solvingProgramming methodologiesAlgorithm and flowchartUnit No 3.2 - Programming In C 3.2.1. Introduction to C 3.2.1.1 Character set and tokenso Input/Output statementso Turbo and Geany development environment3.2.1.2 Data types3.2.1.3 Control statementso Branching statementso Looping statementso Jump statements3.2.2 Arrays and Strings3.2.2.1 Arrays3.2.2.2 Strings3.2.2.3 String manipulation functions3.2.3 Structure3.2.3.1 Structure3.2.3.3 Nested structure3.2.3.4 Array of structure3.2.4 Functions and Pointers3.2.4.1 Built-in functions3.2.4.2 User defined functions3.2.4.3 Parameter passing3.2.4.4 Pointers3.2.5 Object Oriented Programming3.2.5.1 Object Oriented Programming Concepts3.2.5.2 Class and Objects6Periods: 30Periods: 140

COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY3.2.5.3 Member functions3.2.5.4 Friend functions and Friend class3.2.5.5 Constructors and Destructors3.2.6 Polymorphism and Inheritance3.2.6.1 Polymorphism3.2.6.2 Implementation of Polymorphismo Function overloadingo Operator overloading3.2.6.3 Inheritance3.2.7 Files in C 3.3.7.1 File stream classes3.3.7.2 File modes3.3.7.3 File operationso Read ()o Write ()3.3.7.4 Error handling functionsUnit No 3.3 - Database Designing3.3.13.3.23.3.33.3.43.3.53.3.6Concept of DBMSAdvantages of the database management systemData abstraction and Data independenceData modelsTerminologies in RDBMS.Keys in RDBMSUnit No 3.4 - SQL (Structured Query Language)3.4.13.4.23.4.33.4.43.4.5Periods: 80Features of Structured Query Language.Data types and commandsPractice on SQL commandsClauses associated with DML commandsAggregate FunctionsUnit No 3.5- Engineering Graphics3.5.13.5.23.5.33.5.4Periods: 40Periods: 50Application areas of Engineering GraphicsDrawing InstrumentsLettering, Numbering and Dimensioning.Lines7

Reference Book3.5.53.5.63.5.73.5.83.5.9ScalesGeometric constructionBasic geometric shapesProjectionOrthographic and isometric projectionModule 4 Web Application DevelopmentUnit No 4.1 - Internet and Cyber Security4.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.4Periods: 45History of InternetTerminologiesCyber ethicsLegal IssuesUnit No 4.2 - Web Design Using HTMLPeriods: 454.2.1 BASIC HTML4.2.1.1 Web pages4.2.1.2 Static and Dynamic web pages4.2.1.3 Tags in HTML4.2.1.4 Structure tags4.2.1.5 Formatting tags4.2.1.6 Comments in an HTML document4.2.1.7 Image Tags4.2.1.8 Linking tag4.2.1.9 List Tags4.2.2 - Advanced HTML4.2.2.14.2.2.24.2.2.34.2.2.44.2.2.5Periods: 55Table TagsForm TagsFrame tagCascading style sheetMultimedia contentsUnit No 4.3 - Web Development using Javascript & PHP Periods: 504.3.1 CLIENT SIDE SCRIPTING4.3.1.1 Scripting languages4.3.1.2 Importance of JavaScript4.3.1.3 Data Types & Variables8

COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION trol StructuresFunctionsAccessing values through a text box4.3.2 Sever Side ScriptingPeriods: 1004.3.2.1 Features of PHP4.3.2.2 Syntax of PHP statement4.3.2.3 Comments4.3.2.4 Variables and Constant4.3.2.5 Data types and Operators4.3.2.6 Control structures4.3.2.7 Functions4.3.2.8 Arrays4.3.2.9 PHP Forms4.3.2.10PHP global variables and Super Global arrays4.3.2.11 Database functions used in PHP4.3.2.12Database connectivityUnit No 4.4 - Web Hosting4.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.4Types of web hostingBuying hosting spaceDomain name registrationFTP softwareUnit No 4.5 - Trends in Computing iods: 15Periods: 30Mobile networkGeneration of networksWireless networking technologiesMobile application developmentComputing technologiesIoTArtificial Intelligence9

Reference BookMODULE 3OBJECT ORIENTEDPROGRAMMING AND DATABASESUnit - 1Fundamentals of Computer LanguagesThis unit introduces how computer is used for problem solving. The first part describesthe different types of programming languages and translators. Here also discussvarious approaches (Top Down and Bottom Up) in problem solving. Upon completionof problem solving approaches, introduces algorithm and flow chart A computercan solve problems only when we give instructions to it. An instruction is an actionoriented statement.Learning OutcomesThe learner : Classifies different types of computer languages Identifies different language translators Differentiates Top Down and Bottom Up approaches in problem solving Describes different programming methodologies Develops algorithm and flowchart for various problems3.1.1 Types of Computer LanguageJust as humans use language to communicate, and different regions have differentlanguages, computers also have their own languages that are specific to them. Differentkinds of languages have been developed to perform different types of work on thecomputer. Basically, languages can be divided into two categories according to howthe computer understands them.Two Basic Types of Computer Language Low-Level Languages: High-Level Languages:Low-level LanguagesA language that corresponds directly to a specific machine. Low-level computerlanguages are either machine codes or are very close them. A computer can onlyunderstand and execute instructions given in the form of machine language i.e. binary.10