FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR Practical Test Standards
FAA-S-8081-6Awith Change 1FLIGHT INSTRUCTORPractical Test StandardsforAIRPLANE SINGLE-ENGINE MULTIENGINEMAY 1991FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICEWashington, DC 20591
FLIGHT INSTRUCTORAIRPLANEPractical Test Standards1991FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICEWashington, DC 20591
NOTEThe INTRODUCTION of this practical test book includes informationthat is pertinent to all flight instructor practical test standards in additionto that which applies specifically to FAA-S-8081-6A, Flight Instructor Airplane (Single-engine and Multiengine) Practical Test Standards.Material in FAA-S-8081-6A will be effective May 31, 1991. All previouseditions of this book will be obsolete as of this date.FAA-S-8081-6A
RECORD OF CHANGESFORFAA-S-8081-6A, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORPRACTICAL TEST STANDARDSChange 1: 07/20/97Reason: Reference change. The reference AC 61-92 was canceledwhile FAA-S-8081-6A, Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards, wasbeing printed. New reference is AC 61-67. AREA OF OPERATION: II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREASTASK C: USE OF DISTRACTIONS DURING FLIGHT TRAINING(ASEL and ASES)FAA-S-8081-6A
FOREWORDThe Flight Instructor - Airplane Practical Test Standards book has beenpublished by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish thestandards for the flight instructor certification practical tests for theairplane category and the single-engine and multiengine classes. FAAinspectors and designated pilot examiners shall conduct practical testsin compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and applicantsshould find these standards helpful in practical test preparation.Thomas C. AccardiActing Director, Flight Standards ServiceFAA-S-8081-6A
INTRODUCTIONThe Aviation Standards National Field Office of the FAA has developedthis practical test book as a standard to be used by FAA inspectors anddesignated pilot examiners when conducting flight instructor - airplane(single-engine) and flight instructor - airplane (multiengine) practicaltests. Flight instructors are expected to use this book when preparingflight instructor applicants for practical tests.This book can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided bya nation-wide public "Job Task Analysis" team that developed theknowledge, skills, and abilities which appear in this book.Comments regarding this book should be sent to:U.S. Department of TransportationFederal Aviation AdministrationAviation Standards National Field OfficeOperations Support Branch, AVN-130P.O. Box 25082Oklahoma City, OK 73125FAA-S-8081-6A
Practical Test Standard ConceptFederal Aviation Regulations (FAR's) specify the areas in whichknowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before theissuance of a flight instructor certificate with the associated categoryand class ratings. The FAR's provide the flexibility that permits the FAAto publish practical test standards containing specific TASKS in whichcompetency must be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this bookwhenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest ofsafety. Adherence to the provisions of regulations and the practical teststandards is mandatory for the evaluation of flight instructor applicants.Flight Instructor ResponsibilityAn appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training theflight instructor applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matterareas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKS within theappropriate flight instructor practical test standard. Because of theimpact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots,flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and theability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. The flightinstructor must certify that the applicant:1. is able to make a practical application of the fundamentals ofinstructing;2. is competent to teach the subject matter, procedures, andmaneuvers included in the standards to students with varyingbackgrounds and levels of experience and ability;3. is able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in1the standards to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level(or, in the case of the Flight Instructor - Instrument applicant, tothe INSTRUMENT PILOT skill level) while giving effective flightinstruction; and4. is competent to pass the required practical test for the issuanceof the flight instructor certificate with the associated categoryand class ratings or the addition of a category and/or classrating to a flight instructor certificate.1The term "Commercial Pilot Skill Level" is defined, for the purpose of this publication,as performing a procedure or maneuver within the tolerances listed in the FAACommercial Pilot Practical Test Standards. If the maneuver appears only in a PrivatePilot Practical Test Standard, the term means that the applicant's performance isexpected to be "more precise" than that indicated by the stated tolerances. This "moreprecise" performance must be determined by the examiner through the exercise ofsubjective judgment.FAA-S-8081-6A
Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsiblefor emphasizing the performance of, and the ability to teach, effectivevisual scanning and collision avoidance procedures. These areas arecovered in AC 90-48, Pilot's Role in Collision Avoidance; AC 61-21,Flight Training Handbook; AC 61-23, Pilot's Handbook of AeronauticalKnowledge; and the Airman's Information Manual.2Examiner ResponsibilityThe examiner who conducts the practical test is responsible fordetermining that the applicant meets acceptable standards ofknowledge, skill, and teaching ability in the selected TASKS. Theexaminer makes this determination by accomplishing an action that isappropriate to each selected TASK and includes an evaluation of theapplicant's:1.2.3.4.ability to apply the fundamentals of instructing;knowledge of, and ability to teach, the subject matter,procedures, and maneuvers covered in the TASKS;ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in thestandards to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level (or inthe case of the Flight Instructor - Instrument applicant, to theINSTRUMENT PILOT skill level) while giving effective flightinstruction; andability to analyze and correct common errors related to theprocedures and maneuvers covered in the TASKS.It is intended that oral testing be used at any time during the practicaltest to determine that the applicant can instruct effectively and has acomprehensive knowledge of the TASKS and their related safetyfactors.Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner willevaluate the applicant's use of visual scanning and collision avoidanceprocedures, and the applicant's ability to teach those procedures.2The word "examiner" is used throughout this standard to denote either the FAAinspector or FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts an official flight test.FAA-S-8081-6A
Flight Instructor Practical Test Book DescriptionThis book contains the practical test standards for Flight Instructor Airplane (Single-engine and Multiengine).Other flight instructorpractical test books include:FAA-S-8081-7,Flight Instructor - Rotorcraft (Helicopter andGyroplane)FAA-S-8081-8,Flight Instructor - GliderFAA-S-8081-9,Flight Instructor - Instrument (Airplane andHelicopter)The loose-leaf feature of this book allows the incorporation of changeswhich will be sold, as required. This will permit the dissemination ofinformation concerning changes in regulations, pilot certificationprocedures, and other areas related to safety upon which emphasisshould be placed.The Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards include the AREAS OFOPERATION and TASKS for the issuance of an initial flight instructorcertificate and for the addition of category and/or class ratings to thatcertificate.Initial Flight Instructor CertificationAn applicant who seeks initial flight instructor certification will beevaluated in all AREAS OF OPERATION of the standards appropriateto the rating(s) sought. The evaluation will include at least one TASK ineach AREA OF OPERATION and will always include the requiredTASKS.Addition of Aircraft Category And/Or Class Ratings To A FlightInstructor CertificateAn applicant who holds a flight instructor certificate and seeks anadditional aircraft category and/or class rating will be evaluated in atleast the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS that are unique andappropriate to the rating(s) sought (see table at the beginning of eachstandard).At the discretion of the examiner, the applicant'scompetence in all AREAS OF OPERATION may be evaluated.FAA-S-8081-6A
CATERGORYAND/OR CLASSRATING(S) SOUGHTASEAMERHRGGIAIHAPPLICABLE BOOKAND SECTIONFAA-S-8081-6, Section 1FAA-S-8081-6, Section 2FAA-S-8081-7, Section 1FAA-S-8081-7, Section HRGGIAIHAirplane Single-EngineAirplane MultiengineRotorcraft HelicopterRotorcraft GyroplaneGliderInstrument AirplaneInstrument HelicopterNOTE:When administering a test based on FAA-S-8081-6A,Sections 1 and 2, the TASKS appropriate to the class airplane (land orsea) used for the test should be included.Flight Instructor Practical Test Standard DescriptionAREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test. In thispractical test book, the first AREA OF OPERATION is Fundamentals ofInstructing; the last is Postflight Procedures. However, the examinermay conduct the practical test in any sequence that results in acomplete and efficient test.TASKS are knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuversappropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) withinparentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the category and/orclass aircraft appropriate to that TASK. The meaning of eachabbreviation follows:ASELAMELASESAMESRHAirplane, Single Engine LandAirplane, Multiengine LandAirplane, Single-Engine SeaAirplane, Multiengine SeaRotorcraft - HelicopterFAA-S-8081-6A
RGGIAIHRotorcraft - GyroplaneGliderInstrument - AirplaneInstrument - HelicopterREFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describes the TASK.Descriptions of TASKS and maneuver tolerances are not included inthe flight instructor standards because this information can be found inreferences listed for each TASK. Publications other than those listedmay be used as references if their content conveys substantially thesame meaning as the referenced publications. References listed in thefour flight instructor practical test books include the current revisions ofthe following publications:FAR Part 61FAR Part 91FAR Part 97NTSB Part 830AC 00-2AC 00-6AC 00-45AC 60-14AC 61-13AC 61-21AC 61-23AC 61-27AC 61-65AC 61-67AC 61-84AC 61-94AC 67-2AC 90-48AC 91-13AC ID'sSTAR'sAFDNOTAM'sFAA-S-8081-6ACertification: Pilots and Flight InstructorsGeneral Operating and Flight RulesStandard Instrument Approach ProceduresNotification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidentsand IncidentsAdvisory Circular ChecklistAviation WeatherAviation Weather ServicesAviation Instructor's HandbookBasic Helicopter HandbookFlight Training HandbookPilot's Handbook of Aeronautical KnowledgeInstrument Flying HandbookCertification: Pilots and Flight InstructorsStall and Spin Awareness TrainingRole of Preflight PreparationPilot Transition Course for Self-Launching orPowered Sailplanes (motorgliders)Medical Handbook for PilotsPilots' Role in Collision AvoidanceCold Weather Operation of AircraftPilot's Weight and Balance HandbookPrivate Pilot Practical Test StandardsCommercial Pilot Practical Test StandardsInstrument Rating Practical Test StandardsAirman's Information ManualInstrument Approach Procedures (charts)Standard Instrument DeparturesStandard Terminal ArrivalsAirport Facility DirectoryNotices to AirmenPertinent Pilot Operating Handbooks and FAAApproved Flight Manuals
Each TASK has an Objective. The examiner determines that theapplicant meets the TASK Objective through the demonstration ofcompetency in various elements of knowledge and/or skill. TheObjectives of TASKS in certain AREAS OF OPERATION, such asFundamentals of Instructing and Technical Subject Areas, include onlyknowledge elements. The Objectives of TASKS in the AREAS OFOPERATION that include elements of skill as well as knowledge alsoinclude common errors which the applicant must be able to describe,recognize, analyze, and correct.The Objective of a TASK that involves pilot skill consists of four parts.Those four parts include determination that the applicant exhibits:1.2.3.4.instructional knowledge of the elements of a TASK. This isaccomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulatedinstruction;instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK,including their recognition, analysis, and correction;the ability to demonstrate and simultaneously explain the keyelements of a TASK. The TASK demonstration must be to theCOMMERCIAL PILOT skill level (or, in the case of the FlightInstructor - Instrument applicant, to the INSTRUMENT PILOTskill level); the teaching techniques and procedures shouldconform to those set forth in AC 60-14, Aviation Instructor'sHandbook; AC 61-21, Flight Training Handbook, and AC 61-27,Instrument Flying Handbook; andthe ability to analyze and correct common errors related to aTASK.Use Of The Practical Test Standards BookAll of the procedures and maneuvers in the Private Pilot, CommercialPilot, and Instrument Rating Practical Test Standards have beenincluded in the Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards. However, topermit the completion of the practical test for initial certification within areasonable timeframe, the examiner will select one or more TASKS ineach AREA OF OPERATION. In certain AREAS OF OPERATION,there are required TASKS which the examiner must select. Theserequired TASKS are identified by NOTES immediately following theAREA OF OPERATION titles.The term "instructional knowledge" means the "what," "why," and "how"of a subject matter topic, procedure, or maneuver. It also means thatthe flight instructor applicant's discussions, explanations, anddescriptions should follow the recommended teaching procedures andtechniques explained in AC 60-14, Aviation Instructor's Handbook.FAA-S-8081-6A
The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordancewith the appropriate Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards and thepolicies set forth in the INTRODUCTION. The flight instructor applicantmust be prepared to demonstrate the ability to instruct effectively in allTASKS included in the AREAS OF OPERATION of the appropriatepractical test standards.In preparation for the practical test, the examiner will develop a "plan ofaction." The "plan of action" for an initial certification test will includeone or more TASKS in each AREA OF OPERATION and will alwaysinclude the required TASKS. If the applicant is unable to perform aTASK listed in the "plan of action" due to circumstances beyond his/hercontrol, the examiner may substitute another TASK from the applicableAREA OF OPERATION.The "plan of action" for a test administered for the addition of an aircraftcategory and/or class rating to a flight instructor certificate will includethe required AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the table at thebeginning of each standard. The required TASKS appropriate to therating(s) sought must also be included. The examiner will select atleast one TASK in each AREA OF OPERATION. In some instances,notes identify additional required TASKS. Any TASK selected will beevaluated in its entirety.NOTE: AREA OF OPERATION IX, Stalls, Spins, and ManeuveringDuring Slow Flight, contains TASKS referred to as "proficiency" and"demonstration." The intent of TASKS A and B (proficiency) is toensure that the flight instructor applicant is tested on proficiency for thepurpose of teaching these TASKS to students. The intent of TASKS C,D, and E (demonstration) is to ensure that the flight instructor applicantis knowledgeable of the maneuvers and can demonstrate them tostudents for both familiarization and stall/spin awareness purposes.With the exception of the required TASKS, the examiner will not tell theapplicant in advance which TASKS will be included in the "plan ofaction." The applicant should be well prepared in all knowledge andskill areas included in the standards. Throughout the flight portion ofthe practical test, the examiner will evaluate the applicant's ability tosimultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures and maneuvers,and to give flight instruction to students at various stages of flighttraining and levels of experience.The purpose for including common errors in certain TASKS is to assistthe examiner in determining that the flight instructor applicant has theability to recognize, analyze, and correct such errors. The examinerwill not simulate any condition that may jeopardize safe flight or resultin possible damage to the aircraft. The common errors listed in theTASK Objectives may or may not be found in the TASK References.FAA-S-8081-6A
However, the FAA considers their frequency of occurrence justificationfor their inclusion in the TASK Objectives.The examiner will place special emphasis on the applicant'sdemonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and soundjudgment in decision making. The evaluation of the applicant's ability toteach judgment will be accomplished by asking the applicant todescribe the oral discussions and the presentation of practical problemsthat would be used in instructing students in the exercise of soundjudgment. The examiner will also emphasize the evaluation of theapplicant's demonstrated ability to teach stall/spin awareness, spatialdisorientation, collision avoidance, checklist usage, use of distractions,and any other areas directed by future revisions of the standards.Flight Instructor Practical Test PrerequisitesAn applicant for a flight instructor initial certification practical test isrequired by regulation to:1.2.3.4.5.6.have passed the appropriate flight instructor written test(s) sincethe beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he orshe takes the practical test;hold a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot certificate withan aircraft rating appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;hold an instrument rating if applying for an airplane or aninstrument instructor rating;have the prescribed aeronautical experience and instruction fora flight instructor certificate with the rating sought;have reached the age of 18 years; andobtain a written statement from an appropriately certificated andqualified flight instructor certifying that the applicant has beengiven flight instruction in the items required by FARSection 61.187(a) in preparation for the practical test within 60days preceding the date of application. The statement shallalso state that the instructor finds the applicant competent topass the practical test, and that the applicant has satisfactoryknowledge of the subject area(s) in which a deficiency was1indicated on the airman written test report.An applicant holding a flight instructor certificate who applies for anadditional rating on that certificate must:1.2.hold an effective pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to theflight instructor rating sought;have at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category andclass aircraft appropriate to the rating sought;FAA-S-8081-6A
3.4.have passed the written test prescribed for the issuance of aflight instructor certificate with the rating sought since thebeginning of the 24th month before the month in which he orshe takes the practical test; andobtain a written statement from an appropriately certificated andqualified flight instructor certifying that the applicant has beengiven flight instruction in the items required by FAR Section61.187(a) in preparation for the practical test within 60 dayspreceding the date of application. The statement shall alsostate that the instructor
The INTRODUCTION of this practical test book includes information that is pertinent to all flight instructor practical test standards in addition to that which applies specifically to FAA-S-8081-6A, Flight Instructor - Airplane (Single-engine and Multiengine) Practical Test Standards. Mat
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Flight Center will participate in flight training activities to verify safe and effective flight training. 2.2 Chief Flight Instructor The Chief Flight Instructor is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Flight Center. He is the principle point-of-contact to the FAA for the University of Dubuque. He ensures
The Flight Instructor—Airplane Practical Test Standards book has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the flight instructor certification practical tests for the airplane category and the single- engine and multiengi
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