Installing Galera Cluster With MariaDB

Installing GaleraCluster with MariaDBCodership Training

IntroductionInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

IntroductionsCodership OyRussell Dyer, PresenterCreators & Developers of Galera ClusterEmployees in Multiple CountriesGalera ClusterKB Editor, Documentation, Instructor(MySQL, MariaDB)Writer(O'Reilly Books)Released Initially in May 2007Over 1.5 Million DownloadsInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 3

Tutorial OutlineGalera Cluster OverviewInstalling SoftwareConfiguring NodesOpening PortsStarting GaleraInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 4

Galera Cluster OverviewInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Basic Replication ConceptsNode — Physical or Virtual ServerMasterDatabase — MariaDBReplicationSlaveClient WritesHigh AvailabilitySlaveLoad BalancingClient ReadsClient ReadsClient ReadsInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 6

Galera Cluster ConceptsVirtual Synchronous ReplicationGalera ClusterTrue Multi-Master SolutionConflict Detection & Resolution onCommitNode 1Client WritesEasy MaintenanceNode 2Node 3Automatic ProvisioningNode IsolationRolling UpgradesClient WritesInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.Client Readslibrary@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 7

Galera Factors & Best PracticesServersLinux or Unix Operating SystemDedicated Servers with Plenty of RAMMultiple, Odd Number of NodesNot a Stand-AloneThree MinimumEqual NodesEquipment & SoftwareConfigurationCodership KB - Best Practices Articles: mlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 8

Installing SoftwareInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Minimal SoftwareOperating System & Utilitiesssh -i '.ssh/galera-key' centos@12.127.17.75Synchronizing Toolssh galera-1FirewallLOGIN METHODSDatabase SoftwareGalera ClusterSimpler with config FileHost galera-1HostName 12.127.17.75User centosIdentityFile /.ssh/galera-keyHost galera-2HostName 12.127.17.89User centosIdentityFile /.ssh/galera-keyHost galera-3HostName 12.127.17.124User centosIdentityFile /.ssh/galera-keyInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 10

Node Provisioning ToolState Transfers for New NodesGalera ClusterState Snapshot Transfer (SST)Node 1Incremental State Transfers (IST)Methods for State TransfersSTATE TRANSFERNode 2JoinerNodeLogical — mysqldumpPhysical — rsyncASKS TO JOINNode 3yum -y install rsyncExecuted from Command-Line on Each Node.Documentation on Node Provisioning: de-provisioning.htmlDocumentation on State Transfers: ate-transfer.htmlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 11

Installing MariaDB with GaleraMariaDB Repo File Generatoryum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-clientsystemctl start sitories/)Install MariaDB — Galera Includedmysql secure installationExecuted from Command-LineSecure Installation (e.g., Password)Installation Documentation: stall.htmlMariaDB Repo File Generator: /Installing Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 13

Configuring NodesInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Database ConfigurationEdit MySQL Configuration File(/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf)bind-address — Not Local Host[mysqld]datadir /var/lib/mysqlsocket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockbind-address 0.0.0.0user mysqldefault storage enginebinlog formatlog-errordefault storage engine InnoDBinnodb autoinc lock mode 2innodb flush log at trx commit 0innodb buffer pool size 128Mbinlog format ROWlog-error /var/log/mysqld.logExcerpt from MySQL Configuration File.Installing Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 16

Galera Configuration — Initializingwsrep on Enables Galerawsrep provider is Name &Path of Galera Libraries[galera]wsrep on ONwsrep provider /usr/lib64/galera-4/libgalera smm.so Excerpt from Database Configuration File.May Need to Adjust File Path[GALERA] HEADERON MARIADB ONLYDocumentation on wsrep on: sql-wsrep-options.html#wsrep-onDocumentation on wsrep provider: sql-wsrep-options.html#wsrep-providerInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 17

Galera Configuration — Node & Clusterwsrep node nameUnique for Each Node (e.g., node1, node2)Corresponds to AWS Instanceswsrep node addressNode's IP AddressUse Internal IP Address for AWSwsrep cluster nameCluster Name — Same on All Nodes[GALERA] HEADERON MARIADB ONLY[galera].wsrep node name 'galera-1'wsrep node address "172.31.19.208"wsrep cluster name 'galera-training'wsrep cluster address Excerpt from Database Configuration File.wsrep cluster addressComma-Separated List of All Nodes — Same on All NodesDocumentation on wsrep node name: n on wsrep node address: tion on wsrep cluster name: tion on wsrep cluster address: ling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 18

Galera Configuration — More OptionsSet Galera Cache withwsrep provider optionsSet the Number of Threads for Galerawith wsrep slave threads[galera].wsrep provider options "gcache.size 300M;gcache.page size 300M"wsrep slave threads 4wsrep sst method rsyncExcerpt from Database Configuration File.Set wsrep sst method to eitherrsync or mysqldump for ProvisioningNew NodesDocumentation on wsrep provider options: entation on wsrep slave threads: ation on wsrep sst method: sql-wsrep-options.html#wsrep-sst-methodInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 19

Opening PortsInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Galera PortsMariaDB Default Traffic — TCP 3306Galera Cluster Communications — TCP & UDP 4567Incremental State Transfers — TCP 4444State Snapshot Transfers — TCP 4568Firewall Settings: rewall-settings.htmlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 21

SELinuxKernel Module for Linux Securitysetenforce 0Disables SELinuxOpen Port for MariaDBOpens Ports for GaleraOpen Ports for Galerasemanage port -a -t mysqld port t -p tcp rt-a-a-a-a-t-t-t-tmysqld port tmysqld port tmysqld port tmysqld port t-p-p-p-ptcptcpudptcp4444456745674568Open Ports on SELinuxsemanage permissive -a mysqld tSELinux Configuration: linux.htmlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 22

FirewallFirewall Daemon for RestrictingNetwork Traffic & Servicessystemctl enable firewalldsystemctl start firewalldEnable & Start Firewallfirewall-cmd --zone public --add-service mysql --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone public --add-port 3306/tcp --permanentOpen Port for MariaDBOpen Ports for GaleraReload ll-cmd--zone public--zone public--zone public--zone public--add-port 4444/tcp--add-port 4567/tcp--add-port 4567/udp--add-port ntfirewall-cmd --reloadConfiguring firewalld: rewalld.htmlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 23

Starting GaleraInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Caveats of Starting a ClusterA Cluster is made of Multiple Nodes— Not Stand-AloneNew Nodes Unassuming — Look forPrimary ComponentTell First Node it’s the PrimaryComponentInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 25

Starting NodesBootstrap Database & Galera onSeed NodeStartingMariaDB NodesMariaDB — galera new clusterSeed Nodegalera new clusterAdditional NodesStart Database & Galera Normallyon Additional NodesInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.systemctl start mariadblibrary@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 26

Video DemonstrationInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0

ConclusionInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBIntroductionConfiguring NodesStarting GaleraGalera Cluster OverviewOpening PortsConclusionInstalling Software

Additional ResourcesCodership Library (galeracluster.com/library)Documentation (/library/documentation)Knowledge Base (/library/kb)FAQ (/library/faq)Training (/library/training)Videos (/library/training/videos)Tutorials (/library/training/tutorials)Tutorial Article on Installing Galera with MariaDB: ls/galera-installing-mariadb.htmlInstalling Galera Cluster with MariaDBCopyright Codership Oy 2019. All Rights Reserved.library@galeracluster.comVersion 1.0Slide 29

Installing Galera Cluster with MariaDB Introduction Galera Cluster Overview Installin