ABC - Institute Of Mental Health
EDITORDr Rathi MahendranABCsPsychiatricofMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 1Medication10/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
Copyright 2011, Institute of Mental HealthMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 210/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
cs.53.Antidepressants.104.Anxiolytics / Hypnotics.165.Drugs Used for Dementia. 206.Drugs Used to Stabilise Moods.237.Drugs Used for Substance Dependence.278.Drugs Used for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.299.Anticholinergics Medicines.3210. Contributors.35ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 1110/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
cs.53.Antidepressants.104.Anxiolytics / Hypnotics.165.Drugs Used for Dementia. 206.Drugs Used to Stabilise Moods.237.Drugs Used for Substance Dependence.278.Drugs Used for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.299.Anticholinergics Medicines.3210. Contributors.35ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 1110/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
2Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 2Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
1. IntroductionPsychiatric medicines have changed thelives of people with mental illnesses forthe better and many people have goneon to live fulfilling lives with the help ofthese medicines. Today, there is a wide range ofsafe and effective medicines available to treatthese illnesses and it is important to know themedicines that your doctor prescribes to you.Besides knowing what they are and whatsymptoms they treat, it is good to be aware ofsome of the side effects so that you would be ableto talk to your doctor about them. Adhering tomedication dosages and schedules is important. Ifyou wish to adjust the medication routine, pleaseconsult your doctor as abruptly stopping someof these medicines may cause a DiscontinuationSyndrome, with either a worsening of earliersymptoms or the appearance of other physical orpsychological symptoms.This booklet does not provide information aboutdiagnosing mental illnesses. Your medicines,dosages and treatment plan are based on thedoctor’s review, which considers your individualneeds and medical condition. You will learn fromthis booklet, the available psychiatric medicinesat IMH for specific illnesses, their usage andcommon side effects.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 3310/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
Other Important Considerations: Let your doctor/pharmacist know what other medicines you areon. Some medicines have drug-drug interactions and may need tobe avoided. This also includes informing your doctor about herbalpreparations, dietary supplements and other over-the-counterremedies you may be taking. Ensure you provide information about any medical/surgical problemssuch as Diabetes, Hypertension, renal or cardiac problems. Pregnancy is important as some medicines may have effects onpregnancy and the fetal development, and may be secreted in thebreast milk. Always know what medicines you are taking and keep in mind orkeep a record of the dosages you have been given and the frequencyof dosing. If you are on depot injections, know the frequency ofinjections and maintain a record. You must be responsible for your medicines. Keep them safe, out ofreach of children and in a cool and dry place. Note expiry dates of medicines you are prescribed. Inform your doctor/pharmacist if you have leftover medicines.4Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 4Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
2. AntipsychoticsIntroductionAntipsychotics are used to treat and prevent the recurrence of symptoms ofpsychosis in schizophrenia. These include hearing or seeing things whichare actually not present, disorganised or unreal thoughts, suspiciousness,uncontrollable anger or social isolation.They can be divided into two groups, namely the typical and atypicalantipsychotics.TYPICAL (or First Generation)ATYPICAL (or Second ipsychotics have other uses in addition to their role inschizophrenia. Typical or first generation antipsychotics can beTourette’s syndrome or to control severe behavioural problems inand other indicated conditions. Some atypical antipsychotics canto treat bipolar mood disorder too.treatingused inchildrenbe usedAntipsychotics correct the abnormal concentrations of neurotransmitter inthe brain.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 5510/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
How to Use These MedicinesTake your medicine as prescribed. Do not take more or less of it. It must betaken regularly for a few weeks before its full effect is felt.Antipsychotic drugs available in the market come in different forms, suchas tablets (immediate and extended-release), oral solutions and injections.The type of formulation chosen for each patient is dependent on his needsand preferences. Oral solutions can be mixed in drinking water, fruit juiceor low-fat milk. They cannot be mixed with tea, cola or alcoholic drinks.Extended-release tablets need to be swallowed whole with water or otherliquids and should not be split, crushed or chewed.In some circumstances, you may find the tablet shell of some medicines inyour stools. This occurs because the empty tablet shell cannot be dissolvedcompletely after the medicine has been absorbed into the body. Oneexample of such a drug is Paliperidone.For patients who have difficulty taking oral medicines or who tend notto take their medicines regularly, the option of depot injections can beconsidered. Antipsychotic depot injections are typically administered onceevery two to four weeks and can stay in the body throughout that lengthof time. In addition to the side effects experienced with the oral forms ofmedicines, depot injections can also cause redness at the injection site.PrecautionsMost of the antipsychotics can interfere with your body’s ability to cooldown and make you sweat less. This might cause your body temperature torise. Take extra care not to overheat your body, especially during strenuousexercise. Atypical antipsychotics may sometimes worsen your blood glucosecontrol and cholesterol levels. You may need to have periodic blood testswhile on medication. Typical antipsychotics may make your skin becomemore sensitive to sunlight. Avoid prolonged exposure by wearing protectiveclothing or using sunscreen. If you are a smoker, the amount of Olanzapineor Clozapine that stays in your body may be decreased due to your smokinghabit. Clozapine may cause seizures (fits).6Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 6Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
Side EffectsCommonThe following side effects may lessen or go away with time.Let your doctor know if any of these persists or affects you significantly.Typical antipsychoticsAtypical antipsychoticsDrowsiness & dizzinessDrowsiness & dizzinessDry mouthDry mouthConstipationConstipationChanges in menstrual cycleChanges in menstrual cycleTremor or shakingIncrease in appetite and weight gainIncreased salivation or droolingHeadacheNausea or vomitingStomach discomfort or indigestionDifficulty in sleepingAnxietyStuffy or runny noseRare but SeriousThese are some rare but serious side effects of antipsychotic drugs. If youexperience any of these adverse effects, stop the medicine immediately andsee your doctor as soon as possible. These include: Allergic reactions: skin rash or itching, difficulty in breathing, swellingin the face, lips or other parts of the body or chest pain. Severe muscle stiffness Muscle spasm (such as in the neck, back or eyelids), twitching oruncontrolled face, tongue or jaw movements. High fever and confusionABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 7710/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
Restlessness or the need to keep moving constantly. Difficulty in speaking or swallowing. Irregular heartbeat Seizures (fits) Problems with eyesight or blurred visionClozapineClozapine is a very unique and effective antipsychotic but it can causea serious and potentially fatal blood condition called agranulocytosis – adecrease in white blood cell count in the body. However, it can be detectedwith regular blood monitoring. If the condition occurs, see your doctorimmediately to stop the medicine and you should not take Clozapine again.You must also comply with all appointments with your doctor. The doctor willorder certain blood tests before starting your treatment, weekly for the first18 weeks and at least monthly thereafter. These blood tests are extremelyimportant to detect the condition. It is dangerous to take Clozapine withoutregular blood tests.While you are taking Clozapine, seek immediate medical attention if youhave high fever, sore throat and feel very tired.If you happen to stop taking Clozapine for any reason for more than twodays, do not resume the same dose of medicine. Consult your doctorregarding the dose you should start on.Pregnancy and BreastfeedingPregnancy is possible for patients who suffer from schizophrenia orwho need to be on long-term medication. Studies show that there is aslight increase in the risk of birth defects with some first generationantipsychotics. Haloperidol is one of the typical antipsychotics which canbe used by pregnant women as there is no relationship between its use andthe risk of birth defects. There are some concerns over the use of atypicalantipsychotics and the potential risk of developing gestational diabetes.8Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 8Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
Antipsychotics may appear in breast milk at low amounts. However, theuse of Clozapine during breastfeeding is not recommended because itsamount in breast milk was found to be three times higher than that inblood concentration.Stopping MedicationDo not stop taking your medicines without telling your doctor, especially ifyou have taken large doses for a long time. Otherwise, your condition mayworsen very quickly.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 9910/19/2011 10:34:09 PM
3. AntidepressantsIntroductionThere are many different types of antidepressants which are available in themarket today. The following antidepressants are currently available at IMH,grouped under their respective classes:Antidepressant ralineDothiepinParoxetineNortriptyline10Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 10Serotonin aneptineMoclobemideInstitute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
Antidepressants are primarily used to treat symptoms of depression likepersistent feelings of sadness, significant loss of interest in daily activities,appetite and weight changes, disruptions to sleep pattern and thoughts ofself-harm or suicide. They act by regulating the neurotransmitter levels inthe brain.They are also used to treat other conditions, like anxiety disorders andeating disorders.How to Use These MedicinesTake the medicine as prescribed by the doctor. Do not take more or lessof it.It will take a few weeks for the full effect of antidepressant medicine tobe felt. They should be taken with or after food. Do avoid alcohol whileon treatment. Consult the doctor immediately if you experience new orworsening thoughts of harming or killing yourself, increase in symptomssuch as anxiety, restlessness, violent behaviour, or other changes in moodand behaviour. Your caregiver should know which symptoms requireimmediate attention so that they can call the doctor in the event that youare unable to seek treatment on your own.Different types of drugs are formulated differently.Fluoxetine, Dothiepin, Nortriptyline, and Duloxetine come in capsule formand should be swallowed whole. Venlafaxine and Bupropion are extendedrelease tablets and should not be crushed or chewed. Mirtazapine candissolve rapidly once it is placed on the tongue. Do not handle the tabletswith wet hands and do not break, split or crush them.Stopping MedicationContinue to take your medicines regularly even if you feel well. Do not stoptaking it without first discussing with your doctor. Doing so especially aftertaking it for a long time may lead to unwanted effects. It may also causeyour condition to worsen quickly.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 111110/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
The following table describes characteristics which are specific to eachclass of antidepressant medicines:SSRIs Difficultysleeping DrowsinessCommon Side Effects Sexualdysfunction Diarrhoea IncreasednervousnessTCAs Drowsiness Tiredness Sexualdysfunction Constipation Dryness ofmouth Weight gainSNRIs DifficultysleepingM D I Decreasedappetite Constipation Dryness ofmouth Increasednervousness Sexualdysfunction Fever, severeweakness,muscletwitchingRare but Serious Side Effects Intenseagitation oranxiety Manicsymptoms212 Blurred vision Intenseagitation Problemsurinating Fast orirregular Hallucinationsheartbeat Fast orirregularheartbeat Stiffness ofarms andlegsMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 12 S F MAllergic reactions include Skin rash, itch, swelling or difficulty breathingManic symptoms: Talking, feeling and acting with sudden uncontrollable excitement12 SInstitute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
de Nausea Headache Dizzinessygedation Drowsiness Drowsiness Increasedappetite –may lead toweight gain Tirednessof Dryness ofmouth Diarrhoea orconstipation Difficultysleeping Difficultysleeping Dryness ofmouth Drowsiness Dryness ofmouth Stomachdiscomfort Stomachdiscomfort Loss ofappetite Increasednervousness Weight loss Sexualdysfunctiondness Drowsiness Constipation Dryness ofmouthtionnrat Allergic reactions1 Seizures (fits) Confusion Swelling in Priapism Fast orhands, anklesirregular Blurred visionor feetheartbeat Water Severe Intenseretention (invomiting oragitation orthe limbs)diarrhoeaanxiety Flu-likesymptoms MuscletwitchingABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 13 Fastheartbeat Muscle orjoint pain Fast orirregularheartbeat Severethrobbing Yellow skin orheadacheeyeswhich starts Dark-colouredat the backurineof the headand radiates Pain inforwardthe upperabdomen1310/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
SSRIsPregnancyUsage in BreastfeedingPrecautions Specific to the DrugTCAsSNRIsTo be usedwith caution inmost cases. Notrecommendedfor Paroxetine.To be usedwith caution– discuss withyour physicianTo be usedwith caution– discuss withyour physicianTowi–dyoExcreted inbreast milk– to use withcautionExcreted inbreast milk– to use withcaution. Notrecommendedfor Dothiepin.Excreted inbreast milk– to use withcautionExbre–tcaAny signs andsymptomsof abnormalbleeding shouldbe reportedto the doctorimmediately.Note: Common side effects of the respective drugs may lessen or go away withtime. Let your doctor know if any of these persist or affect you significantly.Talk to your pharmacist about how to manage these side effects.All serious side effects should be reported immediately.The side effects listed above are not exhaustive. Talk to your doctor if youexperience any other side effects that you think may be medication-related.14Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 14MInstitute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
IsMirtazapineTrazodoneBupropiondonwithcianTo be usedwith caution– discuss withyour physicianTo be usedwith caution– discuss withyour physicianTo be usedwith caution– discuss withyour physiciannkithExcreted inbreast milk– to use withcautionEnters breastmilk – to usewith cautionEnters breastmilk – notrecommendedSeek medicalattentionimmediately ifyou experiencepriapism:Painful,persistentand abnormalpenile erection,unaccompaniedby sexual desireor excitation.TianeptineMoclobemideNot to be usedUse inpregnancyis notrecommendedNot to be usedEnters breastmilk – to beused withcautionMoclobemidemay causedangerous reactions such asa sudden rise inblood pressurewhen takenwith certainsubstances.Let your doctoror pharmacistknow if you areon any otherThis drugmedicationsshould not beor herbal reused in children medies.under the ageDo not take anyof 15.other medicineswithout consulting the doctoror pharmacistfirst.Avoid consuming excessiveamounts oftyramine-richfood (cheese,fermented soyabean products,avocados, etc).ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 151510/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
4. Anxiolytics / HypnoticsIntroductionBenzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and Antihistamines are some classes of drugsthat are used in the acute treatment of anxiety and insomnia.The following diagram shows some of the anxiolytic and hypnotic drugsavailable at IMH:Anxiolytics / amLorazepam16Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 16Z-hypnoticsAntihistaminesZolpidem CR(controlledrelease)HydroxyzineZopicloneInstitute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
Some of the medicines listed in the diagram may have other uses. For example,Hydroxyzine may be used to relieve skin itch. Some Benzodiazepines canalso be used to prevent or control seizures. Be very clear what you aretaking the medication for.There are other drugs that can be used in the long-term treatment of anxietydisorders (e.g. certain antidepressants). This chapter elaborates on drugsthat can only be used in the short-term.How to Use These MedicinesTake the medicine as directed by your doctor. Do not take more or less of itor for a longer time than prescribed by your doctor. Avoid alcohol while onmedication. To be able to fall asleep more quickly, do not take the medicinewith or immediately after food.Excessive or prolonged use of these medicines can cause mental or physicaldependence, and the medicines may lose their effectiveness.Dependence on this medicine can be prevented when it is taken shortterm at the lowest effective dose and intermittently for the relief of anxietyor insomnia.Stopping MedicationAnxiolytic and hypnotic medicines should ideally be used on a short-termbasis. However, if you have been taking the specific drug on a long-termbasis or at high doses, do not stop the medicine abruptly. Discuss with yourdoctor to come up with a discontinuation plan to cut down the dose slowlyover a few weeks.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 171710/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
The following table describes characteristics which are specific to each typeof anxiolytic or hypnotic medicines:BenzodiazepinesIndicationCan be used for short-termanxiety and insomniaUsNot to be usedTodisNot recommendedTodisCommon Side EffectsRare but Serious Side EffectsPregnancyUsage in BreastfeedingNote: Common side effects of the respective drugs may lessen or go away withtime. Let your doctor know if any of these persist or affect you significantly.Talk to your pharmacist about how to manage these side effects.All serious side effects should be reported immediately.The side effects listed above are not exhaustive. Talk to your doctor if youexperience any other side effects that you think may be medication-related.18Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 18Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
sermZolpidem (CR)Used for insomnia only ZopicloneUsed for insomnia onlyHydroxyzineCan be used for short-termanxiety and insomniaStomach discomfortDrowsiness or daytime sleepinessDizzinessHeadache Dry mouth and tastealteration Dry mouth Allergic reactionsMemory impairmentUnusual behaviour or activities while partially asleepAbnormal thinking or changes in behaviour such as unusual excitement,nervousness, irritability or agitation ConfusionTo be used with caution –discuss with your physicianInsufficient data on safety inpregnancyTo be used with caution –discuss with your physicianTo be used with caution –discuss with your physicianNot recommendedExcretion in breastmilk unknown – notrecommendedABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 191910/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
5. Drugs Used for DementiaIntroductionDementia medicines are used to treat the symptoms of dementia inAlzheimer’s disease. These include difficulty remembering recent events,activities, or the names of familiar people or things, problems with thinking,speaking, understanding, reading or writing, poor concentration or judgment.It will not cure or stop the disease from getting worse but can help improvethe patient’s ability to think and perform daily activities.The drugs that are available in IMH include Donepezil, Rivastigmine,Galantamine and Memantine.The initial medicine prescribed is usually continued throughout the courseof the patient’s illness, unless there is a decline in cognitive function afterone year. In such cases, an alternative drug will be considered.How to Use These MedicinesTake the medicine as prescribed by the doctor. Do not take more or less ofit. Take with food. You have to take it regularly for a few weeks before its fulleffect is felt. Continue to take the medicine regularly every day even if youfeel well. You should never stop your medication abruptly without talking toyour doctor as this can cause worsening of cognition and behaviour. Someother medicines may affect how they work. Tell your doctors, pharmacists,dentists and other health care providers who treat you about all medicinesand natural remedies that you are taking.If you are taking Galantamine, ensure you drink enough water every day.Do not make big changes in your diet, such as switching from vegetarian tonon-vegetarian diet when you are taking Memantine. Smoking may changethe concentration of drug in your body.20Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 20Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:10 PM
Side EffectsCommonThe following side effects may lessen or go away with time.Let your doctor know if any of these persists or affects you essDizzinessDizzinessDizzinessNausea & vomitingNausea & vomitingNausea & vomitingLoss of appetite orweightLoss of appetite orweightLoss of appetite orweightDiarrhoeaDiarrhoeaDiarrhoeaMuscle crampsStomach pain orindigestionStomach pain orindigestionRare but SeriousThese are some rare but serious side effects of drugs used for dementia. Ifyou experience any of these adverse effects, stop the medication immediatelyand see your doctor as soon as possible. These include: Allergic reaction: skin rash or itch, swelling in the face or hands,chest tightness, or difficulty in breathing Seizures (fits) Difficulty or pain in passing urine Muscle weakness or tightness Fainting Vomiting of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds Bloody or black tarry stools Slow or irregular heartbeatABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 212110/19/2011 10:34:11 PM
Other Significant Side Effects Specific to Individual DrugsMemantine Hallucinations(seeing or hearingthings that are notpresent)Galantamine Confusion Tremors orshaking Sudden severeheadacheRivastigmine Hallucinations(seeing or hearingthings that are notpresent)Donepezil Severe stomachdiscomfort Tremors orshaking ConfusionAs with all other medicines, the side effects listed in the above categoriesare not exhaustive.Talk to your doctor if you experience any other side effects that you thinkmay be related to the medicine.Stopping MedicationIf you have missed your medication for several days in a row, do not restartit on the same dose. Consult your doctor on what dose you should take.Do not stop your medicines suddenly without first checking with your doctoras this can worsen cognition and behaviour, especially if you have beentaking the medicine in high doses and/or for a long period of time.22Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 22Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:11 PM
6. Drugs Used to Stabilise MoodsIntroductionMood stabilisers are used primarily to reduce the severity of mood swingsin bipolar disorders, depression and other mood disorders. Besides Lithium,the other mood stabilisers can be used to control some types of seizures (fits)in the treatment of epilepsy. Sodium Valproate can also be used to preventmigraine headaches, while Carbamazepine is used to relieve symptoms offacial nerve pain.How to Use These MedicinesMood stabilisers come in forms such as tablets (ordinary, enteric-coated,controlled-release or extended-release) and liquids. Liquids can be mixedin drinking water, fruit juice or low-fat milk. They cannot be mixed into anycarbonated drink. Extended-release, enteric-coated or controlled-releasedtablets need to be swallowed whole with water or other liquids and shouldnot be split, crushed or chewed. You are advised to avoid grapefruit juicewhile on Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine and Carbamazepine.Take the medicine as prescribed by the doctor. Do not take more or lessof it. Continue to take this medicine regularly even if you feel well. Someother medicines may affect how they work. Tell your doctors, pharmacists,dentists and other health care providers who treat you about all medicinesand natural remedies that you are taking.Side EffectsCommonThe following side effects may lessen or go away with time.Let your doctor know if any of these persists or affects you significantly.ABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 232310/19/2011 10:34:11 PM
CarbamazapineLamotrigineLithiumSodium dachHeadacheHeadacheNausea or vomitingNausea or vomitingNausea or vomitingNausea or vomitingStomach discomfortStomach discomfortStomach discomfortStomach discomfortDiarrhoea orconstipationDiarrhoea orconstipationDiarrhoeaDiarrhoeaDry mouthDry mouthClumsiness orunsteadinessFine tremorTrembling of handsand armsIncrease in appetiteor weight gainSlight initial andtemporary hair lossRare but Serious Side EffectsThese are some rare but serious side effects of mood stabiliser medicines. Ifyou experience any of these adverse effects, stop the medication immediatelyand see your doctor as soon as possible. These include: Allergic reaction: skin rash or itch, difficulty breathing, swelling in theface, lips or other parts of the body Confusion, clumsiness and unsteadiness, severe weakness Seizures (fits) Blurred or double vision Unusual bruising or bleeding24Medication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 24Institute of Mental Health10/19/2011 10:34:11 PM
Other Significant Side Effects Specific to Individual DrugsCarbamazepineLamotrigineFever, chills, sorethroat, mouth ulcersor soresFever or chills, flulike symptoms, sorethroatSodium valproateYellowing of eyesor skinYellowing of eyesor skinThoughts aboutharming or killingyourselfThoughts aboutharming or killingyourselfChest pain, fast,pounding orirregular heartbeatLithiumIrregular heart beatBlistering, peeling,red skin rashChange in howmuch or how oftenyou urinateDark coloured urineor pale stoolsSevere loss ofappetite, stomachpain and vomitingthat does not goawaySevere vomiting,nausea or diarrhoeathat does not goawaySevere shaking /tremorLamotrigineCheck with your doctor immediately if you develop a skin rash.LithiumIts effectiveness is affected by its concentration in your blood. Therefore, itis important to comply with all appointments with your doctor. Your doctormay order blood tests to monitor your response to lithium. The amount ofsalt in the diet can also affect the level of lithium in the blood. Do not changeyour diet from a high to low salt diet or vice versa. Drink plenty of fluids (atABCs of Psychiatric MedicationMedication Information booklet (Oct 2011).indd 252510/19/2011 10:34:11 PM
least 8 – 12 glasses of water or other beverage per day) when you exerciseor during hot weather as you may lose large amounts of water and salt fromyour body under such conditions. Excessive loss of water can cause seriousside effects. Avoid drinking too much caffeinated beverages, such as tea,coffee, cola or chocolate milk. If you have an infection or illness that causesheavy sweating, vomiting or diarrhoea, consult the doctor immediately.Pregnancy and BreastfeedingSome mood stabilisers (Carbamazepine, Sodium Valproate and Lamotrigine)may decrease the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives (e.g. birth control pills,patches, rings, injections, implants or intrauterine dev
ABCs of Psychiatric Medication. 3. P. sychiatric medicines have changed the lives of people with mental illnesses for the better and many people have gone on to live fulfilling lives with the help of these medicines. Today, there is a wide range of safe and effective medicines available
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Mental Health, Mental Health Europe NGO and the UK Royal College of Psychiatrists7. "No health without mental health" has also been adopted by the Irish organisation Mental Health Ireland, Supporting Positive Mental Health. Burden of Mental Disorders Mental disorders have been found to be common, with over a third of people worldwide
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3.2 european Policy 12 3.4 Happiness and wellbeing debates 14 4.0 Concepts and definitions: what is mental health? 15 4.1 Dual continuum model of mental health 16 4.2 Measuring mental health 17 5.0 Benefits of mental health promotion 19 5.1 Benefits of preventing mental illness 19 5.2 Benefits of promoting positive mental health 22
3.1 Prevalence of mental ill health 9 3.2 Mental health service need 9 3.3 Mental health service provision gap 10 3.4 Housing system and homelessness 10 3.5 Entries into homelessness 11 3.6 Mental health and housing system capacity 12. 4 Links between housing and mental health 13 5 Housing for people with lived experience of mental ill health 16
A mental health policy (1996) and plan (2007-2011) existed. Emergency and disaster plans for mental health did not exist. Legislation A new Mental Health Act 846 2012 was passed in 2012 and was awaiting Government to establish the Mental Health Board. Financing of mental health services Mental health had a ring-fenced budget of 1.4% of
mental health is about much more than mental illness, and that there are significant benefits to be gained by approaching mental health from a public health perspective. Positive mental health, mental wellness and mental health promotion have emerged as the missing pieces in a system that has traditionally been
