Wuthering Heights (Norton Critical Edition, 4e, Richard J .
WUTHERINGHEIGHTSEMILY BRONTËE D I T E D BY R I C H A R D J . D U N NA NORTON CRITICALFOURTHEDITIONEDITION
WUTHERINGHEIGHTSThis best-selling Norton Critical Edition is based on the 1847first edition of the novel. For the Fourth Edition, the editor hascollated the 1847 text with several modern editions and has cor rected a number of variants, including accidentals. T h e text isaccompanied by entirely new explanatory annotations.New to the Fourth Edition are twelve of Emily Bronte's lettersregarding the publication of the 1 8 4 7 edition of WutheringHeights as well as the evolution of the 1 8 5 0 edition, prose andpoetry selections by the author, four reviews of the novel, andEdward Chitham's insightful and informative chronology of thecreative process behind this beloved work.Five major critical interpretations of Wuthering Heights are in cluded, three of them new to the Fourth Edition. A. StuartDaley considers the importance of chronology in the novel.J. Hillis Miller examines Wuthering Heights s problems of genreand critical reputation. Susan Gubar assesses the role VictorianChristianity plays in the novel, while Martha Nussbaum tracesthe novel's romanticism. Finally, Lin Haire-Sargeant scrutinizesthe role of Heathcliff in film adaptations of WutheringHeights.A Chronology and updated S e l e c t e d Bibliography are alsoincluded.ABOUT T H E S E R I E S : E a c h Norton Critical Edition includes an authori tative text, contextual and source materials, and a wide range of inter pretations—from contemporary perspectives to the most current criti cal theory—as well as a bibliography and, in most cases, a chronologyof the author's life and work.C O V E R I L L U S T R A T I O N : Photograph o f a pathway Emily B r o n t ë fre quently walked when leaving her home village of Haworth to roam thenearby moorland. In her 1 8 5 0 preface, C h a r l o t t e B r o n t ë spoke ofWuthering Heights as "rustic all through. It is moorish, and wild, andknotty as a root of heath." Photograph by Bichard J . Dunn.ISBN 0 - 3 9 3 - 9 7 8 8 9 - 3
The Editoris Professor of English at the Uni versity of Washington, where he has taught since1967. His publications include the Norton CriticalEditions of Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre; Ap proaches to Teaching Dickens's DavidCopperfield;David Copperfield: An Annotated Bibliography; TheEnglish Novel: Twentieth-Century Criticism Defoe toHardy; and Oliver Twist: Whole Heart and Soul. Heis the author of many articles on the Brontes, Dick ens, Tennyson, and Carlyle.RICHARD J . DUNNy
W.W.NORTONAlso& COMPANY,INC.PublishesT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATUREedited by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay et al.T H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF AMERICAN LITERATUREedited by Nina Baym et al.T H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY FICTIONedited by R. V. Cassill and Joyce Carol OatesT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF ENGLISH LITERATUREedited by M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt et al.T H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF LITERATURE BY W O M E Nedited by Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan GubarT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF MODERN POETRYedited by Richard Ellmann and Robert O'ClairT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF POETRYedited by Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Salter, and Jon StallworthyT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT FICTIONedited by R. V. Cassill and RichardBauschT H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF THEORY AND CRITICISMedited by Vincent B. Leitch et al.T H E NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF W O R L D LITERATUREedited by Sarah Lawall et al.T H E NORTON FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST FOLIO OF SHAKESPEAREprepared by CharltonHinmanT H E NORTON INTRODUCTION TO LITERATUREedited by Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, and Kelly J. MaysT H E NORTON INTRODUCTION TO THE SHORT NOVELedited by Jerome BeatyT H E NORTON READERedited by Linda H. Peterson, John C. Brereton, and Joan E. HartmanT H E NORTON SAMPLERedited by Thomas CooleyT H E NORTON SHAKESPEARE, BASED ON THE OXFORD EDITIONedited by Stephen Greenblatt et al.For a complete list of Norton Critical Editions, htm
À NORTON CRITICALEDITIONEmily BrontëWITHERING HEIGHTS à LTHE 1847 TEXTBACKGROUNDS AND CONTEXTSCRITICISMFOURTH EDITIONEdited byRICHARD J. DUNNU N I V E R S I T YOFW A S H I N G T O NW W NORTON & COMPANY New York London
Copyright 2003, 1990, 1972, 1963 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.The text of this book is composed in Fairfield Mediumwith the display set in Bernhard Modern.Composition by PennSet, Inc.Manufacturing by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBronte, Emily, 1818-1848.Wuthering Heights : the 1847 text, backgrounds and criticism / Emily Brontë ;edited by Richard J. Dunn.— 4th ed.p. cm.— (A Norton critical edition)Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-393-97889-3 (pbk.)1. Triangles (Interpersonal relations)—Fiction. 2. Rejection (Psychology)—Fiction. 3. Yorkshire (England)—Fiction. 4. Rural families—Fiction.5. Foundlings—Fiction. 6. Brontë, Emily, 1818-1848. Wutheringheights. I. Dunn, Richard J., 1938- II. Title.PR4172.W7 2002b823'.8—dc212002026531W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110www.wwnorton.comW. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street,London WIT 3QT1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
ContentsPreface to t h e F o u r t h E d i t i o nThe Text of WutheringixHeightsBackgrounds and ContextsTHE 1847WUTHERINGHEIGHTSWUTHERINGHEIGHTST h e 1 8 5 0 WutheringHeightsS e p t e m b e r 5, 1 8 5 0S e p t e m b e r 5, 1 8 5 0259261Emily B r o n t e ' s DiaryNovember 24, 1834June 26, 1837July 3 0 , 1841July 3 0 , 1 8 4 5" T h e Butterfly"Edward Chitham Sculpting the Statue: A Chronologyof the Process of Writing Wuthering Heights 266P u b l i s h i n g t h e 1 8 4 7 WutheringHeightsApril 6, 1 8 4 6July 4 , 1 8 4 6N o v e m b e r 10, 1 8 4 7D e c e m b e r 14, 1 8 4 7December 2 1 , 1847F e b r u a r y 15, 1 8 4 8Reviews of t h e 1 8 4 7 WutheringHeightsAthenaeumAtlasDouglas Jerrold's Weekly NewspaperExaminerBritanniaUnidentified ReviewNew Monthly MagazinePalladiumNorth American ReviewTHE 282284285288291292293298303in P r o g r e s s304304304
viCONTENTSSeptember 13, 1850September 20, 1850September 27, 1850November 19[?], 1850December 8, 1850 306CharlotteBrontë BiographicalNoticeofEllisActon Bell 307CharlotteBrontë Editor'sPrefacetotheEdition of Wuthering Heights 313Emily Bronte's Poems for the 1850 Wuthering Heights 317Charlotte Brontë SelectionsPoems4 0 [A little w h i l e , a little while]4 2 [ T h e b l u e b e l l is t h e s w e e t e s tflower]3 9 [ L o u d w i t h o u t t h e w i n d w a s roaring]84 [Shall Earth no more inspire thee] 32679 [The night wind] 32785 [Aye there it is! It wakes to night] 328128 [Love is like the wild rose briar] 329112 [From a Dungeon Wall] 330106 [How few, of all the hearts that loved] 33298 [In the earth, the earth thou shalt be laid] 33335 [Song by J. Brenzaida to G.S.] 33432 [For him who struck thy foreign string] 335120a [Heavy hangs the raindrop] 335120b [Child of Delight!] 337123 [Silent is the House] 33889 [I do not weep] 342201 [Stanzas] 343125 [No coward soul is mine] 344Reviews of t h e 1 8 5 0 WutheringHeightsExaminerLeaderAthenaeumEclectic ReviewCriticismA. Stuart Daley A Chronology of Wuthering Heights 357J.HillisMiller WutheringHeights:the "Uncanny" 361SusanGubar LookingOppositely:Bible of Hell 379MarthaNussbaum WutheringHeights:Ascent 1355RepetitionandEmilyBronte'sTheRomantic
CONTENTSviiLin H a i r e - S a r g e a n t S y m p a t h y for t h e Devil: T h eProblem of Heathcliff in Film Versions ofWuthering Heights 410Emily B r o n t ë : A C h r o n o l o g y429S e l e c t e d Bibliography431
Preface to tke Fourtk EditionW i l l i a m M . Sale, Jr.'s first N o r t o n Critical E d i t i o n ofWutheringHeights in 1962 w a s a p i o n e e r i n g effort t h a t e s t a b l i s h e d a reliabletext, provided b a c k g r o u n d s a n d c o n t e x t s , a n d r e c o v e r e d s e l e c t e dreviews a n d criticism. F o r t h e s e c o n d e d i t i o n t e n years later, h er e p l a c e d several of t h e critical essays w i t h n e w e r o n e s a n d a d d e dbrief c o m m e n t a r y of his o w n c o n c e r n i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p of E m i l yBronte's earlier G o n d a l p o e m s a n d h e r novel. F o r t h e t h i r d edi tion in 1 9 9 0 , t h e first after Sale's d e a t h , I r e t a i n e d h i s t e x t u a l a n dexplanatory n o t e s a n d m u c h of t h e b a c k g r o u n d m a t e r i a l , b u t rear r a n g e d it a n d a d d e d m a t e r i a l s to d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n t h e c o m p o sition, p u b l i c a t i o n , a n d r e c e p t i o n of t h e first e d i t i o n a n d t h e o n eedited by C h a r l o t t e B r o n t ë in 1 8 5 0 .B e c a u s e b i o g r a p h i c a l , textual, a n d critical a n d c u l t u r a l s t u d i e s oft h e p a s t q u a r t e r of a c e n t u r y h a v e p r o v i d e d m o r e a n d b e t t e r infor mation about the Brontes and their times, we can better situateEmily's novel a m o n g t h o s e of h e r sisters a n d also b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n dt h e c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t of s o m e o n e r e a d i n g t h e 1 8 4 7 or 1 8 5 0 e d i t i o n sof WutheringHeights. T h i s edition's selective b i b l i o g r a p h y p r o v i d e sa g u i d e to t h e B r o n t ë s c h o l a r s h i p w h i c h h a s m a d e p o s s i b l e t h efourth N o r t o n Critical E d i t i o n of WutheringHeights. I give p r i m a c yto t h e 1 8 4 7 edition, b e c a u s e given b o t h t h e i n d e p e n d e n c e of E m ily's m i n d a n d art a n d t h e qualifications C h a r l o t t e ' s e d i t i o n m a d eto t h e work, it is helpful to r e a d WutheringHeights first as it a p p e a r e d in 1 8 4 7 a n d t h e n to deal w i t h it as e d i t e d a n d p r o m o t e d bythe then better-known Charlotte.E d i t i o n s of WutheringHeights,1847-1850A l t h o u g h w e k n o w t h a t Emily B r o n t ë received proofs a n d cor r e c t e d t h e m to s o m e extent, h e r p u b l i s h e r , T h o m a s N e w b y , p r o d u c e d a d i s a p p o i n t i n g first e d i t i o n , flawed by obvious t y p o g r a p h i c a lerrors, e c c e n t r i c p a r a g r a p h i n g , a n d m u c h i n c o n s i s t e n c y in p u n c t u a t i o n . A l t h o u g h n o c o m m e n t by Emily o n t h e finished p r o d u c tr e m a i n s , it is r e a s o n a b l e to a s s u m e s h e s h a r e d C h a r l o t t e B r o n t e ' sdisgust w i t h t h e N e w b y e d i t i o n . P l e a s e d w i t h h e r o w n p u b l i s h e r s ,C h a r l o t t e c o m p l a i n e d to t h e m t h a t a l t h o u g h N e w b y h a d proofix
XP R E F A C E TO THE F O U R T H E D I T I O Ns h e e t s by t h e b e g i n n i n g of A u g u s t 1 8 4 7 , h e "shuffles, gives his worda n d b r e a k s it," a n d t h a t h e r "relatives h a v e suffered from exhaustingdelay a n d p r o c r a s t i n a t i o n . " After receiving copies of t h e Newby edi t i o n t h a t fall, s h e r e p o r t e d t h a t " T h e b o o k s [both WutheringHeightsa n d Agnes Grey] a r e n o t well got u p — t h e y a b o u n d in errors of t h ep r e s s , " particularly, " T h e o r t h o g r a p h y & p u n c t u a t i o n of t h e booksa r e mortifying t o a d e g r e e — a l m o s t all t h e errors t h a t w e r e correctedin t h e p r o o f - s h e e t s a p p e a r i n t a c t in w h a t s h o u l d have b e e n t h e fairc o p i e s . If M r . N e w b y always d o e s b u s i n e s s in this way, few a u t h o r sw o u l d like t o h a v e h i m for t h e i r p u b l i s h e r a s e c o n d t i m e . "A m e r i c a n e d i t i o n s of Jane Eyre, WutheringHeights, a n d AgnesGrey a p p e a r e d in 1 8 4 8 . T h e r e w a s n o i n t e r n a t i o n a l copyright, a n dt h e B r o n t e s h a d n o t a u t h o r i z e d t h e A m e r i c a n e d i t i o n s . T h u s textualv a r i a n t s in t h e first A m e r i c a n e d i t i o n have n o a u t h o r i t y . T h e Amer i c a n e d i t i o n s , h o w e v e r , did lead t o reviews w h i c h c a m e to t h e Bron tes' attention.WutheringHeights w o u l d n o t h a v e g a i n e d s t a t u r e a n d even re m a i n e d in p r i n t for m a n y years h a d n o t Jane Eyre b e e n s u c h a ni n s t a n t a n d c o n t i n u i n g s e n s a t i o n . C h a r l o t t e ' s novel was p u b l i s h e dby S m i t h , E l d e r i n O c t o b e r 1 8 4 7 . I n D e c e m b e r of t h e s a m e year,T h o m a s N e w b y p r i n t e d only 2 5 0 of t h e p r o m i s e d 3 5 0 copies of t h ev o l u m e s c o n t a i n i n g WutheringHeights a n d Agnes Grey. Reviewersw e r e c o n v i n c e d t h a t Jane Eyre w a s by far t h e s u p e r i o r work, b u tt h a n k s in p a r t to N e w b y ' s u n s c r u p u l o u s a n d i n s i n u a t i v e p r o m o t i o nof t h e o t h e r t w o novels, t h e r e w a s r a m p a n t s p e c u l a t i o n t h a t t h ep s e u d o n y m s , C u r r e r , Ellis, a n d A c t o n Bell, w e r e t h o s e of a singlea u t h o r or, possibly, of a c o m b i n a t i o n of b r o t h e r ( s ) a n d sister(s). T h e1 8 4 8 N e w York e d i t i o n a t t r i b u t e d WutheringHeights to " T h e Au t h o r of ' J a n e Eyre'," a n d a B o s t o n edition of t h e s a m e year simplyi n d i c a t e d it w a s " E d i t e d by C u r r e r Bell" ( w h i c h h a d b e e n t h e word ing o n t h e title-page of t h e first British edition of Jane Eyre t h e yearbefore).C o n f u s e d a n d m i s l e d t h o u g h t h e p u b l i c h a d b e e n in t h e late1 8 4 0 s a b o u t t h e a u t h o r s h i p of t h e s e w o r k s , it is evident t h a t Emily'sa n d A n n e ' s fictions r o d e t h e coattails or skirts ( d e p e n d i n g onw h e t h e r t h e y w e r e s e e n as m a l e or female writing) of Jane Eyre. In1 8 4 8 , C h a r l o t t e , w h i l e Emily a n d A n n e w e r e yet alive, p e r s u a d e dh e r o w n p u b l i s h e r to r e i s s u e t h e sisters' Poems t h a t two years earlierAylott a n d J o n e s h a d p u b l i s h e d b u t w h i c h h a d sold only two copies.T h e S m i t h , E l d e r r e i s s u e of t h e p o e m s a n d t h e i r 1 8 5 0WutheringHeights and Agnes Grey . . . A New Edition Revised, With A Bio graphical Notice of the Authors, A Selection from Their Literary Re11. Margaret Smith, ed. The Letters of Charlotte1995. 5 6 1 , 5 7 5 , 5 9 0 .Brontë. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press,
P R E F A C E TO THE F O U R T H E D I T I O Nximains, and a Preface by Currer Bell w e r e d i r e c t c o n s e q u e n c e s ofJane Eyre's s u c c e s s .As editor of h e r late sisters' work, C h a r l o t t e a d d r e s s e d a n u m b e rof issues c o n c e r n i n g WutheringHeights a n d Emily. T h i s w a s h e ro p p o r t u n i t y to c o r r e c t t h e m a n y textual e r r o r s of t h e first e d i t i o na n d to i n t r o d u c e m o r e of Emily's p o e t r y , w h i c h s h e also heavilyedited. In h e r b i o g r a p h i c a l n o t i c e s h e i n t e n d e d to e n d m u c h of t h econfusion a b o u t t h e Bell p s e u d o n y m s ( a l t h o u g h s h e did n o t s t a t et h e B r o n t ë s u r n a m e ) , a n d in h e r p r e f a c e s h e r e p l i e d to t h e m o s thostile a n d e c h o e d t h e m o s t favorable earlier reviews of t h e 1 8 4 7Wuthering Heights. A l t h o u g h Emily lived only a y e a r after t h e p u b lication of WutheringHeights, s h e w a s a w a r e of t h e novel's r e c e p tion, a n d in h e r w r i t i n g d e s k w e r e f o u n d e x c e r p t s of five reviews.Also, C h a r l o t t e b r o u g h t to h e r a t t e n t i o n c o m m e n t s from The NorthAmericanReview in 1 8 4 8 . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , w e h a v e n o inkling ofw h a t s h e t h o u g h t a b o u t t h e s e or of w h e t h e r s h e m i g h t h a d s e e no t h e r c o m m e n t s s h e did n o t r e t a i n .R e c o v e r i n g a WutheringHeightsTextAs is t h e c a s e w i t h t h e n u m b e r p l a n s , proofs, a n d l e t t e r s ofC h a r l e s D i c k e n s , m o d e r n editors of n i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y fiction of t e n c a n t r a c k closely a book's c o n c e p t i o n , c o m p o s i t i o n , a n d revi sion. S u c h is n o t possible for WutheringHeights. T h e p r o b l e m , asn o t e d above, is t h a t n o t h i n g r e m a i n s directly from Emily's h a n d a n dw e a r e left w i t h a n error-riddled first e d i t i o n . M o d e r n e d i t o r s h a v es c a n t i n f o r m a t i o n u p o n w h i c h to c o n s t r u c t a copy-text. A l a t e r s e c tion of this N o r t o n CriticaJ Edition provides C h a r l o t t e ' s 1 8 5 0 bio graphical s t a t e m e n t a n d p r e f a c e a n d also t h e p o e m s s h e s e l e c t e dto p r e s e n t as a s a m p l i n g of Emily's literary r e m a i n s . T h e s e a r e im p o r t a n t early a n d i n t i m a t e r e s p o n s e s t o m u c h of t h e negative r e c e p t i o n of t h e first e d i t i o n , b u t textually critical m o d e r n e d i t o r s c a ng r a n t n o a u t h o r i t y to t h e 1 8 5 0 e d i t i o n b e c a u s e t h e y a r e u n a b l e t od e t e r m i n e w h a t a w a r e n e s s C h a r l o t t e h a d of h e r sister's i n t e n t i o n s— w h e t h e r s h e h a d m a n u s c r i p t or p r o o f c o r r e c t i o n s .In t h e "Textual C o m m e n t a r y " for t h e 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 7 2 , a n d 1 9 9 0 N o r t o n Critical E d i t i o n s of WutheringHeights, W i l l i a m M . Sale, Jr.d e s c r i b e d t h e kind of textual e r r o r s a t t r i b u t a b l e to Emily's p u b lisher, N e w b y , as "typographical; . . . l e t t e r s a r e t r a n s p o s e d a n d o u tof a l i g n m e n t ; ellipsis d o t s a r e s o m e t i m e s u s e d i n p l a c e of d a s h e s ;h y p h e n s a r e occasionally o m i t t e d a t t h e e n d s of lines w h e n w o r d sare divided." H e realized t h a t s o m e of t h e s e a r e " h a r d t o a c c o u n tfor except as a c o n s e q u e n c e of N e w b y ' s i g n o r a n c e or c a r e l e s s n e s s , "b u t h e also g r a n t e d t h a t , w i t h n o surviving m a n u s c r i p t or c o r r e c t e dproof for t h e N e w b y e d i t i o n , it is i m p o s s i b l e to d e t e r m i n e " t h e d e -
xiiP R E F A C E TO THE F O U R T H E D I T I O Ng r e e to w h i c h p r i n t e r a n d a u t h o r s h o u l d s h a r e in t h e responsibilityfor t h e s t a t e of t h e text."F o r h e r 1 9 7 6 C l a r e n d o n WutheringHeights, H i l d a M a r s d e n like wise c h o s e t h e N e w b y e d i t i o n as copy-text, b u t m a d e n u m e r o u se m e n d a t i o n s to avoid " r e p r o d u c i n g t h e o r t h o g r a p h y a n d p u n c t u a t i o n w h i c h C h a r l o t t e d e p l o r e d . " Like Sale, M a r s d e n c o r r e c t e d "thep u n c t u a t i o n a n d o t h e r e x a m p l e s w h e r e . . . w r o n g , misleading, ir ritating, or d i s c o n c e r t i n g to t h e r e a d e r " (xxxii). T h e Sale a n d M a r s d e n texts differ little in s u b s t a n c e , b u t careful c o m p a r i s o n of theirc o r r e c t i o n s to t h e 1 8 4 7 text i n d i c a t e s s o m e different c h o i c e s a b o u th o w b e s t to a d d r e s s t h e i r c o n c e r n s for t h e m o d e r n r e a d e r . T h e s ec h o i c e s c e r t a i n l y reflect Sale's p r i m a r y c o n c e r n for A m e r i c a n read ers a n d M a r s d e n ' s for British o n e s .T h i s f o u r t h N o r t o n Critical E d i t i o n of WutheringHeights repro d u c e s , w i t h only a few e x c e p t i o n s , t h e text Sale e s t a b l i s h e d for t h efirst t w o N o r t o n e d i t i o n s ( 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 7 2 ) a n d w h i c h I u s e d again int h e t h i r d N o r t o n C r i t i c a l E d i t i o n ( 1 9 9 0 ) . E a c h of t h o s e editionsc o n t a i n e d a n u m b e r of textual n o t e s , w h i c h I h a v e n o t i n c l u d e d thist i m e , b e c a u s e m y p u r p o s e h a s b e e n to m a k e t h e 1 8 4 7 text as a c cessible as p o s s i b l e a n d , in t h e " B a c k g r o u n d s a n d C o n t e x t s " sectionof t h i s novel, to d e s c r i b e t h e n a t u r e a n d i m p a c t of C h a r l o t t e ' s 1 8 5 0e d i t i o n . T o collate Sale's a n d M a r s d e n ' s w o r k or even to r e p r i n t t h etextual v a r i a n t s Sale h i m s e l f listed in t h e first t h r e e editions w o u l dp r o v i d e , primarily in a c c i d e n t a l s , scores of v a r i a n t editorial choicest h a t d o c u m e n t t h e impossibility of arriving at a truly a u t h e n t i c text.A n y r e a d e r n e e d i n g to review t h e textual issues in detail, i n c l u d i n gt h e c h a n g e s in spelling a n d p u n c t u a t i o n m a d e by C h a r l o t t e B r o n t ëin 1 8 5 0 , s h o u l d c o n s u l t b o t h t h e 1 9 9 0 S a l e - D u n n T h i r d N o r t o nC r i t i c a l E d i t i o n a n d t h e 1 9 7 6 M a r s d e n C l a r e n d o n Edition.2I n t h i s text, I h a v e silently c o r r e c t e d w h a t a p p e a r to have b e e n afew e r r o r s by Sale in d e a l i n g w i t h t h e 1 8 4 7 edition, a n d in a fewp l a c e s I h a v e c a n c e l l e d Sale's c h a n g e s in p u n c t u a t i o n to favor t h o s eof t h e first e d i t i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , in C h a p t e r V, Nelly D e a n speaksof C a t h e r i n e E a r n s h a w as "a wild, wick slip," a n d Sale, a s s u m i n gt h i s t o b e N e w b y ' s e r r o r , c o r r e c t e d t h e w o r d i n g to "a wild, wickedslip." A l t h o u g h t h e Oxford English Dictionary cites "wick" as a var i a n t of "wicked," it also s h o w s t h e w o r d to b e a N o r t h e r n t e r m for" q u i c k , " w h i c h b e t t e r fits t h e c o n t e x t . T h e major differences inp u n c t u a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e Sale a n d M a r s d e n texts c o n c e r n t e r m i n a lp u n c t u a t i o n . S a l e generally s h o r t e n e d s e n t e n c e s , eliminating m o r eof t h e original d a s h e s , ellipses, a n d s e m i c o l o n s t h a n did M a r s d e n .Following t h e first e d i t i o n p u n c t u a t i o n r e t a i n e d by M a r s d e n , I have2. Marsden, Hilda and Ian Jack, eds. Wutheringxxv.Heights.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
P R E F A C E TO THE F O U R T H E D I T I O Nxiiic h o s e n to r e s t o r e d a s h e s w i t h i n a few key s p e e c h e s w h e r e t h i sp u n c t u a t i o n signifies f r a g m e n t a r y expressions of c h a r a c t e r s u n d e rt h e great stress of often inexplicable s t a t e s of m i n d or h e a r t . S u c his t h e c a s e in C a t h e r i n e ' s efforts t o give Nelly "a feeling of h o w Ifeel" ( C h . IX), HeathclifPs a c c o u n t of his e x p e r i e n c e s a t t h e graveof C a t h e r i n e ( C h . XXIX), a n d Nelly's a d m i s s i o n of h e r fear of g h o s t s( C h . XXXIV).I have e x p a n d e d a n d revised all t h e e x p l a n a t o r y f o o t n o t e s for t h i sedition, b a s e d u p o n t h e n e e d s of r e c e n t g e n e r a t i o n s of college-levelr e a d e r s . In p a s s a g e s heavy w i t h N o r t h - o f - E n g l a n d dialect, f o o t n o t e sin earlier editions glossed s e l e c t e d t e r m s , a n d s t u d e n t s h a v e o b j e c t e d to having t h e i r r e a d i n g i n t e r r u p t e d by s u c h n o t e s . T o e a s ethis, I have n o w t r a n s l a t e d t h e p a s s a g e s of dialect, w h i c h , a c c o r d i n gto their e a r for t h e r e g i o n a l i s m s , r e a d e r s m a y t a k e or leave.H e a d n o t e s to t h e " B a c k g r o u n d s a n d C o n t e x t s " a n d " C r i t i c i s m "sections of this edition m a k e clear t h e r a t i o n a l e for s e l e c t i o n . T h eobjective is to provide t h e r e a d e r w i t h reliable i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u tt h e c o m p o s i t i o n , p r o d u c t i o n , a n d r e c e p t i o n of t h e 1 8 4 7 a n d 1 8 5 0texts a n d to supply s a m p l e s of c o n t e m p o r a r y critical c o m m e n t a r ya n d a p p r o a c h e s to WutheringHeights.N e w to this edition areE d w a r d C h i t h a m ' s c o m m e n t a r y o n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n of t h e novel;critical excerpts from S a n d r a G i l b e r t a n d S u s a n G u b a r , The Mad woman in the Attic; a n d from M a r t h a N u s s b a u m ' s"WutheringHeights: T h e R o m a n t i c A s c e n t . " As w i t h m u c h n i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r yfiction, film versions of WutheringHeights h a v e proliferated. T h u s ,this edition i n c l u d e s Lin H a i r e - S a r g e a n t ' s essay o n t h e p o r t r a y a l ofHeathcliff in t h e major film a d a p t a t i o n s .T o a c k n o w l e d g e all w h o have c o n t r i b u t e d to t h i s e d i t i o n w o u l dd e m a n d r e p r i n t i n g a n u m b e r of class lists n a m i n g t h e m a n y s t u d e n t s w h o c o n t i n u e to b e f a s c i n a t e d a n d s o m e t i m e s r e p u l s e d bythis novel. In r e c e n t years I h a v e u r g e d t h e m t o t a k e a c u e fromJ . Hillis Miller, w h o d e s c r i b e s t h e r e a d e r as " t h e last surviving c o n s c i o u s n e s s e n v e l o p i n g all t h e s e o t h e r c o n s c i o u s n e s s e s , o n e i n s i d et h e o t h e r . T h e r e a d e r is c o n d e m n e d . . . t o k e e p t h e b o o k o p e n a n dat t h e s a m e t i m e to close its covers o n c e a n d for all, so it m a y b eforgotten, or so it m a y b e r e a d o n c e m o r e , this t i m e definitively"(see "WutheringHeights: R e p e t i t i o n a n d t h e ' U n c a n n y ' " ) . F o r t h es u p p o r t of colleagues a m o n g faculty a n d staff at t h e University ofW a s h i n g t o n , advisers a n d c o n t r i b u t o r s to t h i s e d i t i o n , a n d p a r t i c ularly growing n u m b e r s of r e a d e r s in m y close family, I a m m o s tgrateful.Seattle, W a s h i n g t o nRICHARD J.DUNN
The Text ofWUTHERING HEIGHTS
ChapterI1 8 0 1 . — I have j u s t returned from a visit to my l a n d l o r d — t h esolitary neighbour that I shall b e troubled with. T h i s is certainly abeautiful country! In all E n g l a n d , I do not believe that I could havefixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society.A perfect misanthropist's h e a v e n — a n d Mr. Heathcliff a n d I ares u c h a suitable pair to divide the desolation between u s . A capitalfellow! H e little imagined how my heart w a r m e d towards him whenI beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously u n d e r their brows,as I rode u p , and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with aj e a l o u s resolution, still further in his waistcoat, a s I a n n o u n c e d myname."Mr. Heathcliff?" I said.A nod was the answer."Mr. Lockwood, your new tenant, sir. I do myself the honour ofcalling as soon a s possible after my arrival, to express the h o p e thatI have not inconvenienced you by my p e r s e v e r a n c e in soliciting theoccupation of T h r u s h c r o s s G r a n g e : I heard, yesterday, you h a d h a dsome t h o u g h t s — ""Thrushcross G r a n g e is my own, sir," he interrupted, wincing, "Ishould not allow any one to inconvenience m e , if I c o u l d hinderit—walk in!"T h e "walk in," was uttered with closed teeth a n d expressed thesentiment, "Go to the Deuce!". Even the gate over which he leantmanifested no sympathizing movement to the words, a n d I thinkthat c i r c u m s t a n c e determined m e to a c c e p t the invitation: I feltinterested in a m a n who s e e m e d m o r e exaggeratedly reserved thanmyself.When he saw my horse's b r e a s t fairly p u s h i n g the barrier, he didpull out his hand to u n c h a i n it, and then sullenly p r e c e d e d m e u pthe causeway, calling, a s we entered the c o u r t —"Joseph, take Mr. Lockwood's horse; a n d bring u p s o m e wine.""Here we have the whole establishment of d o m e s t i c s , I s u p p o s e , "was the reflection, s u g g e s t e d by this c o m p o u n d order. "No wonderthe grass grows u p between the flags, a n d cattle a r e the onlyhedgecutters."J o s e p h was an elderly, nay, a n old m a n , very old, p e r h a p s , thoughhale and sinewy."The Lord help us!" he soliloquized in an u n d e r t o n e of peevishdispleasure, while relieving m e of my horse: looking, m e a n t i m e , inmy face so sourly that I charitably conjectured he m u s t have n e e dof divine aid to digest his dinner, a n d his pious ejaculation h a d noreference to my unexpected advent.3
4WUTHERINGHEIGHTSW u t h e r i n g Heights is the n a m e of Mr. Heathcliff's dwelling."Wuthering" being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive ofthe a t m o s p h e r i c tumult to which its station is exposed in stormyweather. P u r e , b r a c i n g ventilation they m u s t have u p there, at alltimes, indeed: one may g u e s s the power of the north wind, blowingover the e d g e , by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the endof the h o u s e ; a n d by a r a n g e of gaunt thorns all stretching theirlimbs one way, a s if craving a l m s of the sun. Happily, the architecth a d foresight to build it strong: the narrow windows are deeply setin the wall, a n d the corners defended with large jutting stones.Before p a s s i n g the threshold, I p a u s e d to admire a quantity ofg r o t e s q u e carving lavished over the front, a n d especially about theprincipal door, above which, a m o n g a wilderness of crumbling grif fins a n d s h a m e l e s s little boys, I detected the date "1500," and then a m e "Hareton E a r n s h a
THE NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF WORLD LITERATURE edited by Sarah Lawall et al. THE NORTON FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST FOLIO OF SHAKESPEARE . edited by Jerome Beaty THE NORTON READER edited by Linda H. Peterson, John C. Brereton, and Joan E. Hartman THE NORTON SAMPLER edited by Thomas Cooley
9 Wuthering Heights (Penguin Classics) and either The Scarlet Letter (Oxford World’s Classics) or The Color Purple (Phoenix) Either: (a) ‘Childhood is shown to be a bitter experience in Wuthering Heights.’ Explore the methods writers use to present childhood. In your response, you should focus on Wuthering Heights to establish your
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Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff’s dwell-ing. ‘Wuthering’ being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. Pure, bracing ventilation they m
Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff’s dwelling. ‘Wuthering’ being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. Pure, bracing ventilation they must have up t
THE NORTON READER edited by Arthur M. Eastman et al. THE NORTON SAMPLER edited by Thomas Cooley the NORTON ANTHOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY FICTION edited by R. V. Cassill A NORTON CRITICAL EDITION RICH'S POETRY AND PROSE POEMS PROSE REVIEWS AND CR
Penguin for extracts from: Rod Mengham, Penguin Critical Studies: Wuthering Heights, Penguin, London, 1989; David Daiches, introduction to the Penguin Classics edition of Wuthering Heights , Penguin, London, 1985 (2nd edition; 1st edition and introduction, 1965)
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inertia of pile cross section with respect to the neutral axis. Relationships between variables lem p M dM V dV V M dx x x x x x F y p y I M x dx p right p (soil resistance) p left a) Pile loading b) Net soil reactionc) Pile deflection d) Slope e) Bending moment. The Genesis of the P-Y Curve: (Reese and Van Impe, 2001) B . P-y curve Method . P-Y CURVES . p-y model used for analysis of .
