Wind Energy In Europe In 2018
Subtittle if needed. If not MONTH 2018Published in Month 2018Wind energy in Europein 2018Trends and statistics
Wind energyin Europe in 2018Trends and statisticsPublished in February 2019windeurope.org
This report summarises new installations and financing activityin Europe’s wind farms from 1 January to 31 December 2018.WindEurope regularly surveys the industry to determinethe level of installations of wind farms, and the subsequentdispatch of first power to the grid. The data represents grossinstallations per site and country unless otherwise stated.Rounding of figures is at the discretion of the author.DISCLAIMERThis publication contains information collected on a regularbasis throughout the year and then verified with relevantmembers of the industry ahead of publication. NeitherWindEurope, nor its members, nor their related entities are,by means of this publication, rendering professional adviceor services. Neither WindEurope nor its members shall beresponsible for any loss whatsoever sustained by any personwho relies on this publication.This report was modified from the initial version published on21 February. Please refer to the footnote in page 8 for moreinformation.TEXT AND ANALYSIS:WindEurope Business IntelligenceIvan KomusanacDaniel FraileGuy BrindleyEDITORS:Colin WalshIvan PinedaDESIGN:Lin Van de Velde, DrukvormFINANCE DATA:Clean Energy PipelineIJ GlobalAll currency conversions made at EUR/GBP 0.8847 and EUR to USD 1.1810Figures include estimates for undisclosed valuesPHOTO COVER:Courtesy of José Vega-LozanoWindEurope acknowledges the kind cooperation of the following associations and institutions:IG Windkraft (AT) – BOP, EDORA and ODE (BE) - BGWEA (BG) – Obnovljivi izvori energije Hrvatskeand HROTE (HR) - K. Ellinas Energy (CY) - Komora obnovitelných zdrojů energie and CSVE (CZ) –DWIA (DK) – Tuulenergia (EE) – Suomen Tuulivoimayhdistys ry (FI) – France Énergie Éolienne (FR)– Deutsche WindGuard (DE) – HWEA (EL) – IWEA (IE) - ANEV (IT) - LWEA (LV) – LWPA (LT) – Ministry of Energy and Spatial Planning (LU) – NWEA (NL) – PWEA (PL) – APREN (PT) – NorWEA (NO) RWEA (RO) –RAWI (RU) – Elektromreža Srbije (RS) - Svenskvindenergi (SE) – AEE (ES) - Suisse Eole(CH) – TÜREB (TK) – UWEA (UA) – RenewableUK (UK).MORE INFORMATION:policy@windeurope.org 32 2 213 18 68
CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 71. WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS . 111.1 Overview . 111.2 National breakdown of 2018 installations . 121.3 Cumulative wind power installations . 141.4 Decommissioning and repowering of wind installations . 161.5 Wind power generation . 171.6 Wind turbine size . 201.7 Auctions and tenders in 2018 . 212. INVESTMENT NUMBERS IN 2018 . 233. TOTAL NEW CAPACITY ADDITIONS . 27ANNEX 1 . 30
EXECUTIVESUMMARYEurope installed 11.7 GW (10.1 GW in EU-28) of new windenergy in 2018. This is a 32% decrease on 2017. Europe decommissioned 0.4 GW of wind turbines. So the net increasein Europe’s wind energy capacity in 2018 was 11.3 GW.With a total installed capacity of 178.8 GW in the EU, windenergy remains the second largest form of power generation capacity in the EU-28 and is likely to overtake naturalgas installations in 2019.FIGURE 1Total power generation capacity in the European Union 2008-2018Cumulative capacity 520162017WindNatural GasCoalLarge HydroNuclearSolar PVFuel OilBiomass2018Source: WindEuropeWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope7
Executive summary2018 annual figures Europe installed 11.7 GW of new wind energy in2018. This is a decrease of 32% compared to 2017annual installations. 9 GW were onshore, and 2.65GW were offshore. Europe decommissioned 0.4 GWof wind capacity, almost all of which was onshorewind. 2018 was the lowest year for new onshoreinstallations since 2008. New offshore installations were 16% down on 2017(a record year). Wind power installed more capacity than anyother form of power generation in the EU in 2018.It accounted for 48% of total power capacityinstallations. Renewable energy accounted for 95% of all new EUpower installations in 2018: 19.8 GW of a total20.7 GW of new power capacity. With 362 TWh generated in 2018, wind powerTrends and cumulative installations There is now 189 GW of installed wind powercapacity in Europe: 170 GW onshore and 19 GWoffshore. Wind energy now accounts for 18.8% of the EU’stotal installed power generation capacity. The total installed power generation capacity in theEU increased by 17.4 GW1 in 2018 to 952 GW2 Conventional power sources such as fuel, oil andcoal continue to decommission more capacity thanthey install. New natural gas and coal installations inthe EU reached a record-low with a mere 0.9 GW ofadditions.Country highlights Germany installed the most wind power capacity in2018, with 29% of Europe’s gross installations, buttheir new installations were down 49% on 2017.covered 14% of the EU’s electricity demand. Germany remains the European country with the 2018 was a record year for new Final InvestmentDecision (FID) in future capacity. In total, 16.7 GWworth of projects reached FID: 4.2 GW in offshoreand 12.5 GW in onshore wind. This compares to 11.5GW in FIDs in 2017. Sweden led with 3.2 GW of FIDs(all onshore). The UK had the most offshore windFIDs with 1.9 GW. Investments were up on 2017 by 20% to 26.7bn,almost equalling the record year for investment in2016. Offshore investments were 10.3bn. Onshoreinvestments hit a record level of 16.4bn.largest installed wind power capacity, followed bySpain, the UK and France. 6 countries have morethan 5 GW of wind installations (Italy, Sweden,Turkey, Poland, Denmark and Portugal). Denmark is the country with the highest share ofwind energy in its electricity demand (41%). The UKregistered the largest annual increase of wind energyin its electricity demand, from 13.5% to 18%. Ireland(28%), Portugal (24%), Germany (21%) and Spain(19%) are the other countries with the highest shareof wind in their electricity mix. Wind energy accounted for 63% of the investmentsin renewable energy in 2018, up from 52% in 2017.1.2.8The EU’s increase in power generation capacity was revised from 17.5 to 17.4 GW.The EU’s total installed power generation capacity was revised from 977 to 952 GW.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope
Cumulativeinstalledcapacity(GW)311.7 GWTOTAL EUROPEGWChapter name40-50%Shareof windin powerdemand4GWNewinstallationsin 2018 (GW)10.1 GWOF NEW WIND POWERIN THE EUWIND ENERGYCOVERED30-40%14%20-30%OF EU ELECTRICITYDEMAND IN .33.00.010.50.0030.07230.20.080.33.00.003 0.030.042.80.50.20.23.4.Cumulative capacity in each country reflects decommissioning in 2018: Austria (29 MW), Denmark (12.7 MW), Finland (3 MW),France (12.6), Germany (249 MW), Greece (15.4 MW), the Netherlands (72 MW), Portugal (13.7 MW), Sweden (13.3 MW).Grey colored countries did not provide data for electricity generation and consumptionto ENTSO-Etransparencyplatform.Wind energyin Europein 2018 - Trendsand statisticsSource: WindEuropeWindEurope9
Executive summaryTABLE 1Gross installations, decommissioning and cumulative capacity in 20183EU-28 (MW)DECOMMISSIONEDOFFSHORECUMULATIVECAPACITY ,661421178,826Total EU-28OTHERS (MW)NEW INSTALLATIONS Y 20186Bosnia and h 533Total others1,566--10,403Total Europe9,0152,661421189,2295.6.10NEW INSTALLATIONS 2018ONSHOREAll numbers are rounded and therefore may not add up.Cumulative capacity reflects decommissioning.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope
1.WIND POWERINSTALLATIONS1.1OVERVIEWIn 2018 gross annual wind installations in the EU-28 were10.1 GW. This represents 87% of installations in Europe.This is the lowest amount since 2011, and reflects regulatory changes that European Member States have undertaken since the review of the European State-Aid Guidelines. This has led many countries to introduce auctionssince 2016, creating a new environment for permittingand project development; resulting in a slowdown.In 2018 gross annual wind installations in Europe fell to11.7 GW, with 0.4 GW being decommissioned. This marksa significant decrease compared to 17.1 GW in 2017, a record year for Europe and a number of countries: Belgium,France, Germany, Ireland, and the UK.Offshore wind represented 23% of the gross annual installations in Europe, with 2.65 GW of new capacity connected to the grid in 2018.FIGURE 2Gross annual onshore and offshore wind installations in 8100.3864201268.510.19.52008 2009 2015201620172018Onshore42Gross installations (GW)Gross installations (GW)180OffshoreSource: WindEuropeWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope11
Wind power installations1.2 NATIONAL BREAKDOWN OF 2018 INSTALLATIONSThe UK was the second largest market, with 16% of grossinstallations. Offshore installations represent 2/3 of theadditions. The Walney 3 Extension offshore wind farmwas completed in October. With 87 turbines and a capacity of 657 MW, this is now the largest operational offshorewind farm in the world.Germany installed 29% of new wind energy capacity in2018. This is significantly lower than Germany’s 2017 figure of 39%. It added 969 MW of offshore wind across 3wind farms. One of them, Borkum Riffgrund II (465 MW)was fully connected to the grid, becoming the largestoffshore wind farm in Germany to date7. Onshore installations recorded a significant decrease, from 5,334 MWin 2017 to 2,402 MW in 2018. This is a consequence oflengthy permitting processes and citizens’ projects thatwere granted longer build-out periods.65%The UK experienced a significant decrease in onshorewind installations. The end of the Renewable ObligationCertificate (ROC) caused a peak in 2017 and onshore windinstallations will now have to rely on Power PurchaseAgreements (PPAs) and other merchant options, as theUK government has given clear signals that there will beno auctions for onshore wind. After a stunning Europeaninstallation share of 26% in 2017, wind installations in theUK fell to 16% in 2018.OF WIND POWERIN EUROPE WAS INSTALLED INJUST 4 COUNTRIES: GERMANY,THE UK, FRANCE AND SWEDEN.FIGURE 32018 gross annual onshore and offshore wind installations in EuropeGross installations eceAustria480452392356220230589 1,5637172044974804523923562202302077063,371 1,901 1,565717513497480452397356281230207706 -----55--61-207-655-Source: lgiumSwedenFranceUKGermany0For a detailed analysis of the offshore market, ds-statistics-2018/Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope
Wind power installationsFrance was the third largest market, with 13% of installations. But the authorisation process for onshore windprojects in France is severely delayed or even suspendedin some parts of the country. Developing an onshore windfarm in France currently takes up to 8 years.And so far no commercial offshore wind farm has beendeveloped (although the government already held auctions in 2011). In France, installations fell from 1,692 MWin 2017 to 1,565 MW in 2018. However, due to overalllower installations in Europe in 2018, France’s share of installations in Europe increased from 10% in 2017 to 13%.Sweden had 6% of installations in Europe and the jointSwedish-Norwegian electricity certificate system is fullysubscribed nine years in advance of its expiration date.Belgium, Turkey, Norway and Italy each had installationsbetween 450 and 500 MW.14 countries did not have any wind installations in 2018.12 of these are EU-28 Member States.44%OF WIND INSTALLATIONSIN 2018 CAME FROM GERMANY AND THEUK, COMPARED TO 65% IN 2017FIGURE 002008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018GermanyUKFranceSwedenBelgiumGross installations (MW)Gross installations (MW)Distribution of the gross annual wind installations in Europe-OthersSource: WindEuropedeze ietsje hoger makenWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope13
Wind power installations1.3 CUMULATIVE WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS189 GW of wind power capacity are now installed in Europe. 10% of these are offshore. Cumulative capacitygrew 6% compared to 2017. Germany remains the country with the largest installed capacity in Europe, followedby Spain, the UK, France and Italy. Five other countries(Sweden, Poland, Portugal and Denmark) have more than5 GW installed. Five additional countries have over 3 GWof installed capacity: the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium,Austria and Romania.189 GWIn the EU-28, cumulative capacity reached 178.8 GW. TheEU-28 provides almost all of the installed offshore windcapacity in Europe.OF WIND POWER ARE NOW INSTALLEDIN EUROPEFIGURE 5Cumulative onshore and offshore installations in Europe16Cumulative capacity 0180131608018406575842008 2009 620172018OnshoreCumulative capacity (GW)200200OffshoreSource: WindEurope14Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope
Wind power installations68% of all wind power installations in Europe is in 5 countries: Germany (59.3 GW), Spain (23.5 GW), the UK (21GW), France (15.3 GW) and Italy (10 GW). Sweden, Turkey and Poland follow with 7.4 GW, 7.4 GW and 5.9 GWrespectively.68%OF WIND POWERIN EUROPE IS INSTALLED IN 5 COUNTRIESFIGURE 6Cumulative onshore and offshore installations by countryCumulative capacity (GW)6050Others32%4030Germany31%Italy France5% 8%UK11%2010Spain12%Offshore rmany00,10.110,8Onshore52.9 23.5 12.8 15.3 10.07.27.45.94.45.43.43.52.23.03.0 10.8Total59.3 23.5 21.0 15.3 10.07.47.45.95.75.44.53.53.43.03.0 10.9Source: WindEuropeWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope15
Wind power installations1.4 DECOMMISSIONING AND REPOWERING OFWIND INSTALLATIONSIn 2018, 421 MW of wind power were decommissioned,down from 683 MW in 2017. This took place in Germany(249 MW), the Netherlands (72 MW), Austria (29 MW),Greece (15.4 MW), Portugal (13.7 MW), Sweden (13.3MW), Denmark (12.7 MW), France (12.6 MW) and Finland(3 MW). Most of this (407 MW) was in in onshore wind.421 MWOut of the decommissioned 421 MW, a number of projects were repowered. That and a part of decommissioned capacity in 2017 resulted in 461 MW of repoweredcapacity.OF WIND POWER WEREDECOMMISSIONED IN 2018The majority came from Germany, but there was also repowering activity in Austria, France, Portugal and Spain.FIGURE 71,2001,2001,0001,00080080060060040040020020002008 2009 201020112012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Decommissioned capacity2018Capacity (MW)Capacity (MW)Decommissioned and repowered capacity80Repowered capacityRepowering terminologyExample - Tauerwindpark (Austria)Old projectNumber of turbinesTurbine power ratingCapacity under repoweringNew project131.823Number of turbinesTurbine power ratingRepowered capacity93.531Decommissioned capacity repowered capacity fully decommissioning Source: WindEurope8.16Repowered capacity data available as of 2015.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope
Wind power installations1.5 WIND POWER GENERATIONIn 2018 wind energy generated enough electricity to meet14% of the EU’s electricity demand9. This is a 2% sharehigher than in 2017 levels, in part due to the lower electricity demand registered10.Denmark had the highest share of wind (41%) in Europe,followed by Ireland (28%) and Portugal (24%). Germany,Spain and the UK follow with 21%, 19% and 18% respectively. 9 Member States had a wind share of 10% or more.FIGURE 8Percentage of the average annual electricity demand covered by eCyprusBulgariaNorwayLatviaHungaryCzech 7%7%7%6%6%6%5%3%2%1%1%1%0%0%0%0%10%20%Onshore 30%40%50%OffshoreSource: WindEurope9.At time of publication, generation data for Luxemburg, Croatia and Malta was not available (their combined demand represent lessthan 1% of EU demand).10. Data from ENTSO-E transparency platform. It excludes data for Luxemburg, Croatia and Malta. Data for the UK comes from BEIS quarterly reports. Data for Ireland has been corrected for January to March (using 2017 values) due to lack of information.11. The figures represent the average of the share of wind in final electricity demand, captured hourly from ENTSO-E and correctedthanks to national TSOs and BEIS data. Data is not available from all European countries.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope17
Wind power installationsTABLE 3Electricity production from wind power (TWh)EU ELECTRICITYCONSUMPTION(TWH)12ONSHOREWIND ENERGYPRODUCTION(TWH)OFFSHOREWIND ENERGYPRODUCTION(TWH)TOTAL WINDENERGYPRODUCTION(TWH)SHARE OF EUCONSUMPTIONMET BY WINDENERGY2,6453095336214%Throughout 2018, wind power plants produced a stableoutput, with peak production (98 GW of average outputduring the day) on 8 December. On that day, wind energysupplied one third of Europe’s electricity needs.10. See footnote 4.18Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope2018 was a less windy year than 2017. This is reflected ina decrease of the capacity factors both for onshore (22%)and offshore (36%).
Wind power installationsEUROPEAN WIND ENERGY GENERATION2018EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY GENERATION 2018EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY GENERATION201814%14%14%of EU’s electricity demandof EU’s electricity demandof EU’s electricity demand41% 28% 24% 21% 19%41% 28% 24% 21% 19%41% 28% 24% 21% 19%24%24%24%Average capacity factorAverage capacity factorAverage capacity factorONSHOREONSHOREONSHORE160 GW160onshorewind GWcapacity160GWonshorewind capacityonshore wind capacity12%12%onshore windof EU’s12%onshorewind demandof EU’selectricityonshorewindof age ageonshorewindcapacityfactorcapacity factorHighest wind energypenetrationratesHighestwind energypenetrationratesHighest windenergypenetration ratesOFFSHOREOFFSHOREOFFSHORE18.5 GW18.5offshoreGWwind capacity18.5windGWoffshorecapacityoffshore2% wind capacity2%offshore wind of EU’s2% winddemandoffshoreof EU’selectricityoffshore demandwind of EU’selectricityelectricity37% demand37%average offshore wind37%offshoreaveragecapacityfactor windaveragefactoroffshore windcapacitycapacity factorEuropean wind energy generation in 2018Europeanwind energy generation in 2018GW100Europeanwind energy generation in 20304010203001020 Jan010Jan0JanFebFebFebMarMarMarAprAprAprData refers to EU Member States onlyData refers to EU Member States onlyData refers to EU Member States onlyMayMayJunJunMayJunOnshorewindOnshore windOnshore windJulJul8 DecemberRecord in wind production8 DecemberRecordin wind production8 DecemberRecord in wind productionAugAugSepSepOffshoreJulAugwind SepOffshore windOffshore windOctOctOctNovNovDecDecNovWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEuropeDec19
Wind power installations1.6 WIND TURBINE SIZE8.8 MWWAS THE POWER RATING OF THE LARGESTTURBINE INSTALLED IN 2018had the lowest average power rating: 2 MW. The weightedaverage onshore turbine size was 2.7 MW.In 2018 the average rated capacity of newly installed offshore turbines was 6.8 MW, 15% larger than in 2017. Thelargest turbine in the world was installed in the UnitedKingdom. Two V164-8.8 MW from MHI Vestas OffshoreWind, with a rotor diameter of 164m, were connectedat the European Offshore Wind Development Centre(EOWDC) wind farm. However, the average power ratingof offshore turbines in the UK was 5.9 MW. The largestaverage power rating was in Denmark, with 7.7 MW.FIGURE striaPortugalPortugalUkraineUkraineRussia RussiaLithuaniaLithuania22149Averagepower rating3.2 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.4 3.6 2.0 2.1 2.5 3.2 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.0ItalyNorwayNorway26Turkey Turkey71UKSpain SpainItaly89SwedenSweden93UK743 647 263 244 182 172 162 134 103GermanyGermanyNumber ofturbines25015084200100625.97.1Spain SpainGermanyGermanyAveragepower rating8FranceFrance136DenmarkDenmark2220UKNumber ofturbines50BelgiumBelgium150507.47.71.15.042Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope2402AverageAveragepower powerrating (MW)rating 00.51.50.01.00.50.010250UKNumberof turbinesNumberof turbines20FranceFranceNumberof turbinesNumberof turbines800Number of turbinesinstalled in 2018 and their average power 000Averagepower (MW)rating (MW)Averagepower ratingThe size and type of wind turbines installed in Europe varied significantly between countries. On average, the mostpowerful onshore wind turbines were installed in Norway,with an average rating of 3.6 MW. Lithuania and GreeceNumber of turbinesAverage power ratingNumber of turbinesAverage power rating01 Source: WindEurope
Wind power installations1.7AUCTIONS AND TENDERS IN 2018In 2018 8 countries had renewable energy auctions wherewind energy secured volumes for 9.3 GW. It is hard tocompare auction results between different countries dueto the different support mechanisms, their length, thematurity of markets, and conditions surrounding the auctions such as cost of capital (WACC), permitting and othersources of revenue or risks for developers. Nevertheless,several auction results were notable. The German andDutch offshore auctions saw zero-subsidy bids. The latest onshore wind auctions in Germany and France whereundersubscribed, while the Polish, Danish and Greek auctions recorded extremely low prices in their countries dueto a healthy pipeline of permitted projects.Auctions in Finland and the SDE onshore renewable auction in the Netherlands had not released their results bythe time of this publication.9.3 GWWAS AWARDED TO WIND THROUGHAUCTIONS AND TENDERS IN 2018TABLE 4Successful auctions and tenders for wind energy in 2018CountryMWAWARDEDTYPE OFAUCTIONSUPPORT MECHANISM13PRICEIN /MWHDenmark165Technology-neutralFeed-in-premium (fixed)2.5 – 3.414France118Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)Not Available709Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)38.0 – 52.8604Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)46.5 – 62.8666Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)40.0 – 63.0363Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)50.0 – 63.0171Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)68.2 – 71.9159Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)55.0 – 65.468Technology-neutralFeed-in-premium (floating)Not AvailablePoland1,000Technology-neutralContract for difference36.4 – 50.1Russia823Technology-specificQuotas for capacityNot iff-2.4 – 6.115CountryMWAWARDEDTYPE OFAUCTIONSUPPORT MECHANISMPRICEIN /MWHGermany1,610Technology-specificFeed-in-premium (floating)0 – 98.3700Technology-specificZero-subsidy bid0GermanyGreeceNetherlandsNetherlands13. For an explanation between the different types of auctions see Annex 114. The price reflects the premium on top of the wholesale electricity price in Denmark, while other countries with a feed-in-premium(floating) already include wholesale electricity price.15. Because of the Local Content Rule in Turkey, low revenue can be compensated with local content price premiums rom the governmentand that’s why developers were able to bid lower than anywhere else in Europe.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope21
Chapter name22Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEuropePhoto: Keith Arkins
2.INVESTMENTNUMBERS IN 20182018 was another record year for new capacity financed.In total, 16.7 GW worth of projects reached Final Investment Decision (FID): 4.2 GW in offshore and 12.5 GW inonshore wind. This compares to 11.5 GW in FIDs in 2017.In monetary terms investments were up from 2017 by20% to 26.7bn, almost equalling the record year forinvestment in 2016. New capacity financed was 45% upon 2017 and 62% from 2016. There were 10.3bn in offshore wind energy investments, a recovery from the dropseen in 2017. Onshore investments hit a record level of 16.4bn. Cost reductions across the industry’s value chainand increased industry competition have made it possiblefor investors to finance more capacity for less cash.FIGURE e Wind20142015Offshore 7New capacity financed0New Capacity FinancedOffshoreTotal assets financed 2013New capacity financed (GW)New assets financed ( bn)New asset finance in wind energy 2010 – 201816Source: WindEurope16. Figures include only new asset financing. Project refinancing and public markets are not included in the investment activity.Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope23
Investment numbers in 2018Wind energy investments in 2018 continued the trendof geographical diversification. The top 3 investor countries owned only 43% of FID announcements in 2018. Thiscompares to 64% in 2017 and 73% in 2016. Investments innon-EU countries have also increased to a total of 5.1bn.This was a 75% increase on 2017 and represented 19% ofthe new announced FIDs.The United Kingdom was the biggest investor in 2018.They generated a total financing activity of 5.9bn for theconstruction of new onshore and offshore wind farms.This accounts for 22% of the total wind energy investments made in 2018. Over 90% of UK investment was inoffshore wind. Sweden was the second largest investor in2018 with 3.7bn (all in onshore wind). This represented14% of the total wind energy investments in 2018. Sweden also led in onshore investments, with a 26% share.FIGURE 1.20.0 71.11.10.91.40.80.80.60.80.60.50.61.4 Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEuropeIreland0.0Offshore ance0.0Belgium5.4SwedenOffshoreinvestmentOnshore Wind24Italy0.0Turkey0Spain0.5Russia1UKInvestment ( bn)7Capacity financed (GW)New asset financing in 2018 by country ( bn and GW)Capacity FinancedSource: WindEurope
Investment numbers in 2018Wind energy accounted for 63% of Europe’s investmentsin renewable energy in 2018, compared to 52% in 2017.Onshore wind projects alone attracted 39% of the totalinvestment activity in the renewable energy sector.FIGURE 12Renewable energy investments in 2018 ( bn)17Biomass 1.9bnHydro 0.8bnOthers 1.7bnBiofuels 0.7bnOnshore 16.3bnSolar 10.4bn63%OF RENEWABLEENERGY INVESTMENTS INWIND ENERGYWindenergy 26.7bnOffshore 10.3bn Source: WindEurope17. Figures include only new asset financing. Residential ownership is not included in new investment numbersWind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEurope25
Investment numbers in 201826Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statisticsWindEuropePhoto: Dave Harris
3.TOTAL NEWPOWERCAPACITYADDITIONSIn 2018, 20.7 GW of new gross power generation capacitywere installed in the EU-28. This marks a 27% drop from2017.Wind power was the energy technology with the highestcapacity installations in 2018.
Wind energy in Europe in 2018 - Trends and statistics 11 WindEurope 1.1 OVERVIEW In 2018 gross annual wind installations in Europe fell to 11.7 GW, with 0.4 GW being decommissioned. This marks a significant decrease compared to 17.1 GW in 2017, a re-cord year for Europe and a number of
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energy conversion scheme using both wind and photovoltaic energy sources. 1.1 Wind Energy Systems Wind energy conversion systems convert the kinetic energy associated with wind speed into electrical energy for feeding power to the grid. The energy is captured by the blades of wind turbines whose rotor is connected to the shaft of electric .
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Wind energy is generated by a wind turbine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. The system mainly depends on speed of the wind to enhance the performance the turbine in mounted on a tall tower. Wind energy conversion system has a wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator and AC-AC converter. As wind .
DTU Wind Energy E-0174 5 1 0BIntroduction Wind resource assessment is the process of estimating the wind resource or wind power potential at one or several sites, or over an area. One common and well-known result of the assessment could be a wind resource map, see Figure 1. Figure 1. Wind resource map for Serra Santa Luzia region in Northern .
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Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion, also called wind. Total wind energy flowing through an imaginary surface with area A during the time t is: . The London Array Offshore Wind Farm, the largest offshore wind farm in the world with an installed capacity of 630MW, ranks as the world's sixth largest wind farm. .
Common concerns about wind power, June 2017 1 Contents Introduction page 2 1 Wind turbines and energy payback times page 5 2 Materials consumption and life cycle impacts of wind power page 11 3 Wind power costs and subsidies page 19 4 Efficiency and capacity factors of wind turbines page 27 5 Intermittency of wind turbines page 33 6 Offshore wind turbines page 41
